Global Health Risks: Mortality and Burden of Disease Attributable to Selected Major RisksWorld Health Organization, 28 ott 2009 - 62 pagine This report uses a comprehensive framework for studying health risks that was developed for the World Health Report 2002, which presented estimates for the year 2000. The report provides an update for the year 2004 for 24 global risk factors. It uses updated information from WHO programs and scientific studies for both exposure data and the causal associations of risk exposure to disease and injury outcomes. The burden of disease attributable to risk factors is measured in terms of lost years of healthy life using the metric of the disability-adjusted life year (DALY). The DALY combines years of life lost due to premature death with years of healthy life lost due to illness and disability. Health risks are in transition: populations are ageing owing to successes against infectious diseases; at the same time, patterns of physical activity and food, alcohol and tobacco consumption are changing. Low- and middle-income countries now face a double burden of increasing chronic, noncommunicable conditions, as well as the communicable diseases that traditionally affect the poor. |
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Africa air pollution alcohol anaemia Annex A References attributable to selected body mass index burden of disease cardiovascular disease Child sexual abuse Comparative quantification counterfactual CRA 2000 study deaths and DALYs diarrhoea disability-adjusted disease and injury disease attributable disease burden Ezzati fruit and vegetable Geneva global and regional global burden health risks High blood glucose High blood pressure High cholesterol high-income countries human papillomavirus Illicit drugs Indoor smoke infections Iron deficiency ischaemic heart disease Lopez Low and middle Low fruit lung cancer major risk factors middle-income countries mortality Murray CJL Occupational risks outdoor air pollution Overweight and obesity PAFs Physical inactivity population prevalence quantification of health regional burden relative risks risk factors Rodgers selected major risk smoke from solid solid fuels South-East Asia Suboptimal breastfeeding tobacco Total income income unsafe sex Unsafe water Urban outdoor air vegetable intake Vitamin A deficiency World Health Organization Zinc deficiency