Throughout the twentieth century, until the disintegration of the Soviet Union, Western defence strategists feared that one power, or alliance, might come to dominate Eurasia. Admiral Mahan discussed the issue in The Problem of Asia (1900) but Mackinder made the defining statement in The Geographical Pivot of History (1904). Mackinder argued that the 'closed Heart-Land of Euroasia' was a strategically placed region, with great resources, that if controlled by one force could be the basis of a World Empire. James Kurth, in Foreign Affairs, has commented that it has taken two World Wars and the Cold War to prevent Mackinder's prophecy becoming reality. In WWI and WWII Germany achieved huge territorial gains at the expense of the Russian empire and the Soviet Union. In WWI the Russian empire was defeated by Germany but the western powers insisted that the territorial gains made by Germany, at the treaty of Brest-Litovsk, be given up. In World War Two Britain and the US gave material support to Stalin'stotalitarian regime to prevent Nazi Germany gaining control of the territory and resources that might have been a basis for world domination. After World War Two the west, conscious of Mackinder's dictum (1919) that 'Who rules East Europe commands the Heartland,' quickly adopted policies to contain the Soviet Union. For a time there was a Western fear of an alliance between the Soviet Union and Communist China that would have created uncontestable control of the Heartland. The book examines Mackinder's global geostrategic view, from the perspective of geography, diplomatic history, political science, international relations, imperial history, and the space age.
Anteprima limitata - 2005 - 177 pagine
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Libri correlati | di Andrew Gyorgy
Visualizzazione frammento - 1944
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 | di Brian W. Blouet
Anteprima limitata - 2001
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 | Herat - Pagina 92Rawlinson had been on his way to the shah's encampment on the road to Herat when he encountered a small group of soldiers wearing what he thought were ...altre pagine: 94 95 96 104 |
| Kabul - Pagina 94Like Rawlinson he believed that Britain needed to place agents in Herat, Kandahar and Kabul to prevent the Russians from gaining influence in the ...altre pagine: 92 93 95 104 |
| Baku - Pagina 166which the German war-machine, denied the oil of Baku and broken by its military over-stretch and by the Russian climate, was on retreat to Berlin. ...altre pagine: 97 98 170 |
Altro | Moscow - Pagina 1The Volga river, which drained the lands between Moscow and the Urals, flowed to the Caspian and was beyond the influence of sea power. ...altre pagine: 4 5 31 50 71 79 80 98 99 169 |
| Samarkand - Pagina 103Once in control of Samarkand all the Russian authorities needed to do was cut the supply of water to the downstream city of Bokhara to bring about ...altre pagine: 99 |
| College Station, TX - Pagina 62Halford Mackinder: A Biography (College Station, TX: Texas A&M Press. 1987); G. O'Tuathail. 'Putting Mackinder in his Place: Material Transformations ... |
| Oxford - Pagina 12Oxford University Extension and Reading University Halford Mackinder and Michael Sadler were contemporaries at Oxford and established a lifelong ...altre pagine: 13 39 166 |
| Baghdad - Pagina 102
altre pagine: 116 |
| Berlin - Pagina 59war in advance.26 The momentum for an alliance with Germany passed, but maintaining good working relations with Berlin remained a priority for London. ...altre pagine: 88 108 109 111 113 114 120 166 |
| Dublin - Pagina 129of Britain to the plains of the interior, and in certain parts present long stretches of flat shore, as in Lancashire and to the north of Dublin. ...altre pagine: 133 |
| Liverpool - Pagina 131problem of defence, allows of an alternative approach from the Western Ocean to Liverpool and Glasgow, in a quarter remote from Brest and Corunna. ...altre pagine: 129 |
| London - Pagina 12Mackinder taught geography and economics at a number of centres while living in London. As he studied for the Bar Mackinder was elected to the Royal ...altre pagine: 10 13 14 34 59 60 90 92 93 138 |
| Corunna - Pagina 131problem of defence, allows of an alternative approach from the Western Ocean to Liverpool and Glasgow, in a quarter remote from Brest and Corunna. ... |
| Cambridge - Pagina 12The society then offered funds to help establish readerships in geography at Oxford and Cambridge. Mackinder was appointed to the Oxford position and ...altre pagine: 83 |
| Glasgow - Pagina 131problem of defence, allows of an alternative approach from the Western Ocean to Liverpool and Glasgow, in a quarter remote from Brest and Corunna. ...altre pagine: 129 |
| Brest - Pagina 131problem of defence, allows of an alternative approach from the Western Ocean to Liverpool and Glasgow, in a quarter remote from Brest and Corunna. ... |
| Novorossiysk - Pagina 91He spent much of his Russian sojourn aboard a British warship anchored off the Black Sea port of Novorossiysk, only going into the region he was by ... |
| Klyuchevskiy - Pagina 70Thus on purely geographical grounds, Russia is the very antithesis of Europe: the great Russian historian Klyuchevskiy was definite on this point.66 ... |
| Kiev - Pagina 70For a while, the loose federation of Slavic tribes known as Kievan Rus' flourished, founded upon the strategic value of Kiev, located on the Dnieper ...altre pagine: 71 80 |
| Orenburg - Pagina 57Of particular note was the construction of the railway line from Orenburg to Tashkent, which was to be completed in 1905. ...altre pagine: 103 |
| Tashkent - Pagina 57Of particular note was the construction of the railway line from Orenburg to Tashkent, which was to be completed in 1905. ...altre pagine: 97 |
| Bournemouth - Pagina 14As World War 11 approached Mackinder moved out of London to live with his brother and sister-in-law near Bournemouth on the south coast of England. ... |
| Kursk - Pagina 23Although it was reeling from the disaster at Stalingrad, Germany had yet to chance its arm with the final offensive fling at Kursk, ... |
| Calcutta - Pagina 93mile journey from Tehran, Rawlinson immediately returned to the Persian capital to relay the news to the British authorities in London and Calcutta. ...altre pagine: 94 103 |
| Warwick - Pagina 14gave talks on imperial unity across the country.40 Mackinder had stood, unsuccessfully, in 1900, as a Liberal 1mperialist at Warwick and Leamington. ...altre pagine: 7 |
| Salt Lake City - Pagina 106 |
| Bombay - Pagina 98As a result 'money is being taken from the pockets of Bombay and Manchester and transferred to the pockets of Nizni Novogorod and Moscow. ...altre pagine: 102 |
| Hiroshima - Pagina 119the total destruction of fighter defence.59 The age of strategic air power in the sense that Douhet envisioned it arrived over Hiroshima and Nagasaki. ... |
| Nagasaki - Pagina 119the total destruction of fighter defence.59 The age of strategic air power in the sense that Douhet envisioned it arrived over Hiroshima and Nagasaki. ... |
| Kaliningrad - Pagina 75an historic launching ground for anti-Slav invasion;"" with its port of Kaliningrad, formerly Konigsberg, it became, significantly, a detached part of ... |
| Vladivostok - Pagina 168Trans-Siberian railway to Vladivostok, and begin the laborious task of building a new line in the much less attractive route north of the Amur river. ... |
| Munich - Pagina 3Haushofer ran an institute of geopolitics in Munich, wanted revision of the Treaty of Versailles in Germany's favour, the expansion of Germany to ... |
| Tsushima - Pagina 74And, indeed, Tsushima is still held up by some commentators as 'an extraordinary and immediate contradiction of Mackinder's land-based thesis'.88 The ... |
| Annapolis, MD - Pagina 123Pemsel, A History of War at Sea: An Atlas and Chronology of Conflict at Sea from the Earliest Times to the Present (Annapolis, MD: Naval 1nstitute ... |
| Waterloo - Pagina 112'After Waterloo . . . Prussia obtained a detached territory in the old Germany of the West, which territory was divided into the two provinces of the ... |
| Washington, DC - Pagina 104 |
| Hong Kong - Pagina 44and the army transferring 'battalions from Aldershot to Cairo, or from lndia to Hong Kong'.39 Britain had much experience in managing distant places ... |
| Chicago - Pagina 10that he had spent the summer of 1 892 teaching at the University of Pennsylvania and then traveled west through Ohio to Toledo and on to Chicago. ... |
| Livonia - Pagina 113Treaty of Brest-Litovsk under which 'the German element would have once again ruled in these lands of Courland and Livonia'.35 The question becomes, ... |
| Cairo - Pagina 44and the army transferring 'battalions from Aldershot to Cairo, or from lndia to Hong Kong'.39 Britain had much experience in managing distant places ... |
| Salisbury - Pagina 58The policy of splendid isolation followed by Salisbury was based on the diplomatic paradigm of the 'Free Hand'. 18 This involved avoiding, ... |
| Manchester - Pagina 98As a result 'money is being taken from the pockets of Bombay and Manchester and transferred to the pockets of Nizni Novogorod and Moscow. ... |
| Paris - Pagina 7for his father had studied in Paris, and the Mackinder household contained a live-in French governess, who tutored Halford in French to the point ...altre pagine: 49 |
| Quebec - Pagina 146 |
| Philadelphia - Pagina 10No one could ignore the economic vibrancy of cities like Philadelphia and Chicago. When Leo Amery commented, after the 1 904 Pivot lecture, ... |
| Rome - Pagina 110 |
| Stanford, CA - Pagina 10558-72, 121-33; RW Tolf, The Russian Rockefellers: The Saga of the Nobel Family and the Russian Oil Industry (Stanford, CA: Hoover 1nstitution Press, ... |
| Singapore - Pagina 139 |
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