ParadoxesCambridge University Press, 11 mag 1995 - 165 pagine A paradox can be defined as an unacceptable conclusion derived by apparently acceptable reasoning from apparently acceptable premises. Unlike party puzzles or brain teasers, many paradoxes are serious in that they raise serious philosophical problems, and are associated with crises of thought and revolutionary advances. To grapple with them is not merely to engage in an intellectual game, but to come to grips with issues of real import. The second, revised edition of this intriguing book expands and updates the text to take account of new work on the subject. It provides a valuable and accessible introduction to a range of paradoxes and their possible solutions, with questions designed to engage the reader with the arguments and full bibliographical references to both classic and current literature on the topic. |
Sommario
Introduction | 1 |
Zenos paradoxes space time and motion | 5 |
12 Space | 7 |
13 The Racetrack | 12 |
14 The Racetrack again | 16 |
15 Achilles and the Tortoise | 20 |
16 The Arrow | 21 |
Bibliographical notes | 22 |
44 The Knower | 98 |
Bibliographical notes | 103 |
Classes and truth | 107 |
semantic defects | 111 |
53 Grounding and truth | 114 |
54 The Strengthened Liar | 116 |
55 Levels | 118 |
56 Selfreference | 121 |
Vagueness the paradox of the heap | 23 |
the options | 28 |
Ungers view | 30 |
the epistemic theory | 32 |
supervaluations | 33 |
degrees of truth | 40 |
27 Vague objects? | 47 |
Bibliographical notes | 50 |
Acting rationally | 53 |
32 The Prisoners Dilemma | 66 |
Bibliographical notes | 72 |
Believing rationally | 73 |
412 The paradox of the Ravens | 78 |
413 Grue | 81 |
42 The Unexpected Examination | 91 |
43 Revising the Unexpected Examination | 93 |
57 Indexicality | 122 |
58 Indexical circularity | 124 |
how similar are Russells paradox and the Liar? | 126 |
Bibliographical notes | 130 |
Are any contradictions acceptable? | 135 |
61 Contradictions entail everything | 136 |
62 A sentence which is both true and false could have no intelligible content | 137 |
63 Three dualities | 138 |
64 Negation | 140 |
65 Falsehood and untruth | 142 |
Bibliographical notes | 144 |
Some more paradoxes | 145 |
Remarks on some text questions and appended paradoxes | 151 |
| 155 | |
| 163 | |
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accept Achilles apply B₁ backward causation Bibliographical notes body of data borderline claim collection conclusion condition confess consider contradiction counterinstances definitely degree of truth degree theory dialetheism dialetheist discussion emeralds are grue entails epistemic theory evidence example expected utility fact finite heap infer infinite number infinitely divisible instances intuitively kind Liar paradox lobsters logical modus ponens negation negative extension Newcomb's paradox not-A notion one-boxer open both boxes open just box penumbra positive extension possible predicate Predictor premises principle Prisoner's Dilemma probability problem proposition question Racetrack reason reject remain silent response Russell's paradox self-reference semantically defective sentence sharp boundaries sharpening Snow is white Sorites paradoxes space Strengthened Liar supervaluational theory Suppose supposition teacher's announcement things Thomson's lamp tion tortoise true nor false two-boxer Unexpected Examination vague word Z-points Z-series Zeno's Zeno's paradoxes