Memoirs

Acad Amer axils of pectorals batoids Bigelow and Schroeder biol Brazil breadth Bull Carolina cartilage caudal fin center of cloaca Chesapeake Bay claspers Coast color Comp concave Copeia Dasyatis Dermal denticles descr distance between inner dorsal fin embryos Evermann exposed nostrils eyes fathoms female Florida Fowler front of mouth front of orbits Garman genus gill openings Gulf Gulf of Maine Harv Hist inner ends Interspace Jersey Jordan Lacépède length of base listed lobe long as distance Lower surface mature males Müller and Henle nasal curtain pelvic fins Philad Poiss posterior margin prickles Proc Raja Rays rearward Rio de Janeiro rostral rostral cartilage rounded Sawfishes side Skates spiracles Study Material tail spine teeth thorns tip of snout tip of tail Torpedo transverse type species U. S. Bur U. S. Comm U. S. nat upper surface Woods Hole Zool