Deep-sea Biology: Developments and Perspectives

abundant abyssal amphipods angler-fishes animals Antarctic arrow-worms bacteria basins bathypelagic bathypelagic fishes benthic benthopelagic benthopelagic fishes benthos biomass bivalves body bottom capillaries carnivores cells cent central centred cephalopods ceratioid cnidarians continental slope copepods crustaceans ctenophores Cyclothone deep deep-sea floor deposit-feeders depth range diatoms distribution diverse eggs epipelagic equatorial euphausiids euphotic zone eutrophic eyes fauna feed female forms gas-filled gelatinous genus gill groups gulper-eels invertebrates jaws jellyfishes lantern-fishes larger larvae layer length less light organs live luminescent luminous males Marshall mesopelagic fishes mesopelagic levels metres midwater fishes muscles nekton neutral buoyancy non-migrators North Atlantic nutrient oozes ostracods oxygen Pacific particles pelagic photophores phytoplankton plankton polychaete polychaete worms prawns predators prey productivity rat-tails Redrawn regions relatively retina samples sea water sediment siphonophores sponges squid stomiatoids subtropical surface waters suspension-feeders swim swimbladder tentacles trawls Trench tropical tunicates upper water column water masses zooplankton