Multimedia Environmental Models: The Fugacity ApproachCRC-Press, 21 mag 1991 - 272 pagine Multimedia Environmental Models: The Fugacity Approach takes a broad approach of viewing chemical behavior in the total biosphere of connected biotic and abiotic compartments. Chemicals are subject to the laws of concentration of mass, or the "mass balance." These constraints provide the opportunity to establish the quantitative expressions of chemical fate that society now demands. This book develops, describes, and illustrates a framework and procedures for calculating the behavior of chemicals in the environment. It employs both the conventional procedures, which are based on manipulations of concentrations, and procedures using the concepts of activity and fugacity to characterize equilibrium between environmental phases such as air, water, and soil. Organic chemicals are emphasized because they are more easily generalized when assessing environmental behavior. Chemical fate professionals in government, industry, and private consulting, as well as students, will find that the models and other information within this book are extremely useful in the course of their work and studies. |
Sommario
Some Basic Concepts | 2 |
Environmental Chemicals and Their Properties | 29 |
The Nature of Environmental Media | 51 |
Copyright | |
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Parole e frasi comuni
acids advection aerosol air and water air-water amount applies approach atmosphere behavior benzene bioaccumulation bioconcentration biomagnification biota calculations chem chemical fate compartment compounds concentration contains D values deduced defined density deposition emission environmental equilibrium estimated evaluative environment example exposure Figure fish flow flux fugacity g/m³ g/mol Henry's law Henry's law constant hydrocarbons hydrophobic ical illustrative inflow input kg/m³ lake Level lipid liquid log Kow m³/h m³/mol m³/year Mackay mass balance mass transfer coefficient mol/h mol/m³ molecular diffusivity molecular mass molecules moles naphthalene octanol octanol-water organic carbon organic chemicals organic matter outflow output overall oxygen particles partition coefficient PCBs pesticide processes properties quantity rate constant ratio reaction residence sediment soil solids solubility solute sorbed steady temperature thermodynamics tion toxic transport units unsteady uptake values vapor pressure volatilization volume fraction water phase zero µg/g