Deep Space Flight and Communications:

Exploiting the Sun as a Gravitational Lens

Springer, 2009 - 401 pagine

The majority of books dealing with prospects for interstellar flight tackle the problem of the propulsion systems that will be needed to send a craft on an interstellar trajectory. The proposed book looks at two other, equally important aspects of such space missions, and each forms half of this two part book. Part 1 looks at the ways in which it is possible to exploit the focusing effect of the Sun as a gravitational lens for scientific missions to distances of 550 AU and beyond into interstellar space. The author explains the mechanism of the Sun as a gravitational lens, the scientific investigations which may be carried out along the way to a distance of 550 AU (and at the 550 AU sphere itself), the requirements for exiting the Solar System at the highest speed and a range of project ideas for missions entering interstellar space. Part 2 of the book deals with the problems of communicating between an interstellar spaceship and the Earth, especially at very high speeds. Here the author assesses a range of mathematical tools relating to the Karhunen-Loève Transform (KLT) for optimal telecommunications, technical topics that may one day enable humans flying around the Galaxy to keep in contact with the Earth. This part of the book opens with a summary of the author s 2003 Pe ek Lecture presented at the IAC in Bremen, which introduces the concept of KLT for engineers and newcomers to the subject. It is planned to include a DVD containing the full mathematical derivations of the KLT for those interested in this important mathematical tool whilst the text itself will contain the various results without outlines of the mathematical proofs. Astronautical engineers will thus be able to see the application of the results without getting bogged down in the mathematics.

Anteprima libro »

Cosa dicono le persone - Scrivi una recensione

Nessuna recensione trovata nei soliti posti.

Pagine selezionate

Pagina del titolo

Indice analitico

Riferimenti

Indice

So much gain at 550 AU	3

12 The minimal focal distance of 550 AU for electromagnetic Waves	4

13 The antenna gain of the gravitational lens of the Sun	7

14 The combined total gain upon the FOCAL spacecraft	9

16 Requirements on the image size and antenna beamwidth at the spacecraft distance z	10

17 Angular resolution at the spacecraft distance z	11

18 Spatial resolution at spacecraft distance z	14

Scientific investigations along the way to 550 AU	17

112 Uniform motion	185

113 Decelerated motion	188

114 Checking the KLT of decelerated motion by Matlab simulations	194

115 Total energy of the noisy signal from relativistic spaceships in decelerated and uniform motion	195

exploiting the KLT to detect an alien spaceship approaching the Earth in decelerated motion	199

117 References	200

KLT of radio signals from relativistic spaceships in hyperbolic motion	203

123 Total energy of signals from relativistic spaceships in hyperbolic motion	205

22 Visible and infared stellar parallaxes	18

222 Age of the Galaxy	19

224 Stellar evolution	20

225 Targets of opportunity	22

232 Astronomy	24

233 Cosmology	25

234 Solar system studies	26

241 Dust	27

242 Plasma and energetic particle distributions	28

245 Plasma waves	29

26 References	30

Magnifying the nearby stellar systems	33

33 Keplerian theory of simple hyperbolic flybys	36

34 The flyby of the Sun performed by the FOCAL spacecraft	43

35 References	45

Astrodynamics to exit the solar system at the highest speed	47

421 Elementary background planar problem	48

422 Optimization of a single Jupiter flyby	49

423 Two optimized Jupiter flybys plus one intermediate Sun flyby	50

43 A chemically powered closeSun flyby?	51

44 Theory of the Sun Flyby enhanced by a perihelion boost	52

45 Determining the perihelion boost by knowing the target star the time to get 550 AU and the Sun approach	53

46 References	57

SETI and the FOCAL space mission	58

52 The narrowband assumption SETI	60

53 A short introduction to the KLT	63

54 Mathematics of the KLT	64

advantages of the KLT for the FOCAL space mission	67

GLSETI gravitational lensing SETI Receiving far ETI signals focused by the gravity of other stars	71

62 Only two types of SETI searches from the Earth up to 2001	72

623 Searches	73

625 Allsky survey	74

626 Common requirements	75

632 Summary	80

64 Maccones equation relating to 1 magnification of lensing star 2 distance of the ET transmitter and 3 power of the ET transmitter	81

the Search for ExtraTerrestrial Visitation	83

66 References	84

The gravitational lenses of Alpha Centauri A B C and of Barnards Star	85

72 The Suns gravity+plasma lens as a model for the nearby stars	86

73 Assumed data about Alpha Centauri A B C and Barnards Star	90

74 Gravitational lens of the naked Sun	93

75 Gravitational lens of the naked Alpha Centauri A	98

76 Gravitational lens of the naked Alpha Centauri B	101

77 Gravitational Lens of the naked Alpha Centauri C Proxima	104

78 Gravitational lens of the naked Barnards Star	107

79 Conclusions	110

The Coronal Plasma pushing the focus of the gravity+plasma lens far beyond 550AU	113

82 The refraction of electromagnetic waves in the Sun Coronal Plasma	115

83 Summary of the Sun pure gravity naked Sun lightbending theory	116

focal axis intercept for any ray passing at distance b from the Sun	118

85 Asymptotic z straight light path	122

closeSun middistance and atinfinity LK and F Corona respectively	123

87 Focal distance vs height and minimal focal distance for any assigned frequency	127

88 The two causes of the gravity+plasma lens of the sun	130

89 Observing frequencies for the closeSun middistance and atinfintity approxiamtions	131

810 References	134

NASAs Interstellar Probe ISP20102070 and the Cosmic Microwave Background CMB	135

2010 to 2055	136

93 Looking at the 2728 K Cosmic Microwave Backround through the Suns gravity lens by virtue of NASAs Interstellar Probe ISP	137

94 The effective minimal focal distance for the gravity+plasma lens looking at the 27K Cosmic Microwave Background is 763 AU which NASAs Int...	142

95 Improving COBEs angular resolution by nine orders of magnitude by looking at the 27K Cosmic Microwave Background by virtue of NASAs Int...	145

96 Conclusions	146

98 References	147

KLToptimized telecommunications	148

A simple introduction to the KLT	151

103 A heuristic derivation of the KL expansion	152

104 The KLT finds the best basis eigenbasis in Hilbert space spanned by the eigenfunctions of the autocorrelation of Xt	155

105 Continuous time vs discrete time in the KLT	157

just a linear transformation in the Hilbert space	158

The Final Variance theorem	159

108 BAM Bordered Autocorrelation Method to find the KLT of stationary processes only	162

109 Developments in 2007 and 2008	168

1010 KLT of stationary white noise	169

1011 KLT of an ET sinusoidal carrier buried white cosmic noise	170

1012 Analytic proof of the BAMKLT	172

1013 KLT signaltonoise SNR as a function of the final T eigenvalue index n and alien frequencies v	174

1014 How to eavesdrop on alien chat	175

1015 Conclusions	176

1016 Acknowledgments	177

KLT of radio signals from relativistic spaceships in uniform and decelerated motion	180

124 KLT for signals emitted in asymptotic motion by Matlab simulations	206

125 Checking the KLT of asymptotic hyperbolic motion by motion by Matlab simulations	210

126 Signal total energy as a stochastic process of T	211

preparatory calculations	214

128 KL expansion for the instantaneous energy of the noise emitted by a relativistic spaceship	220

129 Conclusion	221

KLT of radio signals from relativistic spaceships in arbitrary motion	223

132 Arbitrary spaceship acceleration	225

1322 KL expansion of the Gaussian noise emitted by a spaceship having an arbitrary acceleration profile	227

1323 Total noise energy	229

1324 KL expansion of noise instantaneous energy	230

133 Asymptotic arbitrary spaceship acceleration	232

1332 Asymptotic KL expansion for noise	234

1333 Asymptotic total noise energy	236

134 Powerlike asymptotic spaceship	238

1342 Powerlike asymptotic KL expansion for noise	239

1343 Approximated powerlike asymptotic KL expansion for noise	241

1344 Powerlike asymptotic total noise energy	242

1345 Powerlike asymptotic KL expansion for noise instantaneous energy	243

1346 Approximated powerlike asymptotic KL expansion for noise instantaneous energy	246

135 Conclusion	247

136 References	248

Genetics aboard relativistic spaceships	249

142 Diffusion partial differential equation for Xt	250

143 Firstpassage time for Xt	252

144 Relativistic interstellar flight	254

145 Timerescaled Brownian motion	255

146 Genetics	256

147 Relativistic genetics	258

148 A glance ahead	259

149 References	260

Engineering tradeo s for the FOCAL spacecraft antenna	262

Reference	264

FOCAL Sun flyby characteristics	269

Mission to the solar gravitational focus by solar sailing	278

C2 Example sailcraft for SGF mission	282

C3 Trajectory profile for SGF mission	283

C4 Conclusions	290

FOCAL radio interferometry by a tethered system	293

D2 References	296

Interstellar propulsion by Sunlensing	298

E2 Highlights on research areas in interstellar propulsion by Sunlensing	300

light from Sirius naked Sun gravity lens and relevent solar sail size	301

E4 Conclusions	305

Brownian motion and its time rescaling	307

F2 Brownian motion essentials	308

F3 KLT of Brownian motion	310

F4 White noise as the derivative of Brownian motion with respect to time	311

F5 Introduction to time rescaling	313

F7 Time rescaling and Gaussian properties of Xt	315

F8 Orthogonal increments for nonoverlapping time intervals	317

F10 References	324

Maccone First KLT Theorem KLT of all timerescaled Brownian motions	325

G3 Solution of the integral equation for eigenfunctions	328

G4 A simpler formula for Bessel Function order	334

G5 Stability criterion for eigenfunctions	335

G6 References	337

KLT of the Bt2H timerescaled Brownian motion	338

H3 KL expansion of BpHt	341

H4 Total energy of BpHt	346

H5 References	349

Maccone Second KLT Theorem KLT of all timerescaled square Brownian motions	351

13 KLT of any zeromean timerescaled square process	352

14 KLT of square Brownian motion	356

I5 Checking the KLT of the square Brownian motion by Matlab simualtions	361

KLT of the B²t²ᵸ timerescaled square Brownian motion	363

J2 Preparatory calculations about B²t²ˣ+¹	366

J3 KL expansion of the square process B²t²ᵸ	371

J4 Checking the KLT of B²t²ᵸ	373

J5 References	374

A Matlab code for KLT simulations	375

K3 The file input_data_togglem	377

K4 The file Brownian_Autocorrelationm	379

K5 The file process_pathm	380

K7 The file analytic_KLTm	382

K8 The file ANALYTIC_KLT_square_brow_motionm	385

K9 The file ANALYTIC_KLT_uniform_relm	386

K10 Conclusions	389

Index	390

Copyright

Parole e frasi comuni

acceleration Acta Astronautica Alpha Centauri analytical angle angular resolution antenna approximated arcsec Astronomical asymptotic autocorrelation axis Barnard's Star Bessel function Brownian motion close-Sun compute Corona Cosmic curves de®ned de®nition derivative detect Earth eigenfunctions eigenvalues electromagnetic waves erent expression Figure flyby FOCAL space mission FOCAL spacecraft focusing formula frequency Galactic Galaxy given gravitational lens heliopause hydrogen hyperbolic motion impact parameter integral equation Karhunen±Loeve KL expansion lensing lt-yr Maccone mathematical mean value minimal focal distance naked Alpha Centauri naked Sun normalization constants numerical Off-Axis Distance Off-Axis GAIN Perihelion plasma power-like propulsion radio radius random variables reconstruction relativistic spaceships respect result rSun sailcraft Schwarzschild scienti®c SETI signal solar sail solar system spacecraft distance speed stellar systems stochastic process Sun yby Sun's gravity lens theorem theory time-rescaled Brownian motion total energy trajectory variance velocity virtue wavelength white noise yields

Informazioni bibliografiche

QR code for Deep Space Flight and Communications

Titolo	Deep Space Flight and Communications: Exploiting the Sun as a Gravitational Lens Springer Praxis books Springer-Praxis books in astronautical engineering
Autore	Claudio Maccone
Editore	Springer, 2009
ISBN	3540729437, 9783540729433
Lunghezza	401 pagine

Esporta citazione	BiBTeX EndNote RefMan

Informazioni su Google Libri - Norme sulla privacy - Termini di servizio - Informazioni per gli editori - Segnala un problema - Guida - Sitemap - Home page di Google

Libri

Deep Space Flight and Communications:

Cosa dicono le persone - Scrivi una recensione