A Contribution to the Biology of North American Vespine Wasps |
Contents
INTRODUCTION | 11 |
The Cephalic Stomodaeum | 31 |
BIOLOGy of the Vespine | 35 |
THE THORAX | 80 |
Hunting Methods and Behavior | 110 |
Cannibalism | 117 |
Changes in comb and nest suspension | 143 |
Changes in the nest wall | 150 |
Irregularities and abnormalities in nest construction | 157 |
The New Adult | 166 |
Color pattern and caste differentiation | 175 |
BIBLIOGRAPHY | 185 |
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Common terms and phrases
abdomen angle antenna anteriorly apical apophysis arises articulation basal base brace built carina caudad cells Cephalic aspect colony comb coxa depressor diagonal Dolichoves Dolichovespula arenaria dorsal extensor fibers fore coxa fore wing furcal arm gonostipes groove head hind wing Hymenoptera Inner aspect inserted intersternal intertergal invaginated labium larvae laterad Lateral aspect lobe males mandibles maxilla median membrane meso mesofurcal mesopleural apodeme mesopostphragma mesosternal mesothorax metanotal metanotum metapleural metasternal apophysis metathorax mouthparts muscle musculature narrow nest of Dolichovespula nest of Vespula nest wall notal origin outer paper pedicel pharyngeal pharynx phragma pleural portion posterior margin pronotal pronotum propleuron propodeal propodeum prosternum queen retractor ridge sclerite scutellum scutum segments species spiracle sternal sternum sting structure subalar surface suspensoria suture tendon tergal tergo-sternal tergum third axillary thorax transverse vein ventral vertical plate Vespa crabro Vespidae vespine wasps Vespula pensylvanica Vespula pensylvanica Sauss Vespula vulgaris wasps Weber's wing process workers