The State of Food and Agriculture 2023: Revealing the true cost of food to transform agrifood systemsFood & Agriculture Org., 6 nov 2023 - 150 pagine Agrifood systems generate significant benefits to society, including the food that nourishes us and jobs and livelihoods for over a billion people. However, their negative impacts due to unsustainable business-as-usual activities and practices are contributing to climate change, natural resource degradation and the unaffordability of healthy diets. Addressing these negative impacts is challenging, because people, businesses, governments and other stakeholders lack a complete picture of how their activities affect economic, social and environmental sustainability when they make decisions on a day-to-day basis. The State of Food and Agriculture 2023 looks into the true cost of food for sustainable agrifood systems. The report introduces the concept of hidden environmental, health and social costs and benefits of agrifood systems and proposes an approach – true cost accounting (TCA) – to assess them. To operationalize the TCA approach, the report proposes a two-phase assessment process, first relying on national-level TCA assessments to raise awareness and then moving towards in-depth and targeted evaluations to prioritize solutions and guide transformative actions. It provides a first attempt at national-level assessments for 154 countries, suggesting that global hidden costs from agrifood systems amount to at least to 10 trillion 2020 PPP dollars. The estimates indicate that low-income countries bear the highest burden of the hidden costs of agrifood systems relative to national income. Despite the preliminary nature of these estimates, the analysis reveals the urgent need to factor hidden costs into decision-making for the transformation of agrifood systems. Innovations in research and data, alongside investments in data collection and capacity building, are needed to scale the application of TCA, especially in low- and middle-income countries, so that it can become a viable tool to inform decision- and policymaking in a transparent and consistent way. |
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2020 PPP dollars actors Agricultural Development Economics Agriculture 2023 agrifood businesses agrifood systems transformation Background paper biodiversity burden of disease Chapter consumers consumption context costs and benefits costs of agrifood cycle assessment decision-making deforestation ecosystem services environment Environmental Change Institute estimates Evaluation example FAO Agricultural Development Food and Agriculture food security Food Systems framework GHG emissions global governments greenhouse gas healthy diets IFAD impact ratio improve income input institutions interventions investments land-use change levers low-income countries lower-middle-income countries moderate poverty national-level natural capital nitrogen nitrogen emissions organizations palm oil percent policymakers pollution potential poverty and undernourishment productivity losses quantified hidden costs reduce relevant repurposing Rome scenario analysis sector Security and Nutrition social hidden costs stakeholders subsidies targeted assessments TEEB TEEBAgriFood trade-offs transform agrifood systems trillion 2020 PPP true cost accounting Uganda uncertainty unhealthy dietary patterns value chain