Sustainable use and conservation of microorganisms of relevance to ruminant digestion

Food & Agriculture Org., 29 mar 2024 - 68 pagine

The Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, at its Seventeenth Regular Session, adopted its Work Plan for the Sustainable Use and Conservation of Micro-organism and Invertebrate Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture. In response to the workplan a study on the use and conservation of microorganisms relevant to ruminant digestion was prepared. The study aims to provide policymakers, researchers and livestock nutritionists and producers with: an introduction to microorganisms of relevance to ruminant digestion and their roles; an overview of trends in the diversity of microorganisms of relevance to ruminant digestion, the significance of these trends, and the factors driving them; an overview of the current status of the sustainable use and conservation of microorganisms of relevance to ruminant digestion worldwide; an overview of the current status of policies, legislation and institutional arrangements relevant to the management of microorganisms of relevance to ruminant digestion worldwide; an overview of organizations relevant to the sustainable use and conservation of microorganisms of relevance to ruminant digestion worldwide, covering gaps and weakness in terms of collaboration in this field, potential means of addressing these gaps and weakness, and an overview of potential ways in which the Commission and its Members could contribute to addressing gaps and weaknesses in the sustainable use and conservation of microorganisms of relevance to ruminant digestion.

Anteprima libro »

Pagine selezionate

Sommario

1 Scope of the study	1

2 The state of ruminant agriculture	3

Figure 1 Global methane emissions	4

Figure 2 Carbohydrate fermentation and methanogenesis in the rumen	5

Figure 3 Overview of the stages of degradation of plant material in the rumen and examples of the bacteria involved	6

3 State of knowledge on rumen microorganisms involved in ruminant digestion	7

Figure 4 Light microscopy image of rumen contents taken from a ruminant possessing Btype protozoal diversity and showing close interactions of E...	10

Figure 5 Biofilm community on the surface of fresh perennial ryegrass following in vitro incubation in the presence of rumen fluid	12

7 Policies and regulation	27

74 Dietary interventions	28

Box 5 Expert views on the current status of development and implementation of policies legislation and institutional arrangements for the manageme...	29

8 Key institutions involved in the management of microorganisms of relevance to ruminant digestion	31

Table2 Main academic institutions with capacity and capability to expand research in microbial function and maintain culture collections for gastroint...	32

9 Gaps and weaknesses	33

93 Policies and regulation	34

10 Potential ways in which the Commission and its Members could contribute to addressing gaps and weaknesses in the sustainable use and conservat...	37

4 Trends in the diversity of microorganisms of relevance to ruminant digestion and the biotic factors driving these trends	15

Figure 6 Global Rumen Census samples hosts and major bacterial and archaeal community compositions in different regions	16

Box 1 Expert views on the status and trends of the diversity of microorganisms of relevance to ruminant digestion	17

5 Management and conservation of rumen microorganisms	19

52 Ruminant dietary interventions for climate change mitigation through manipulation of the rumen microbiome	20

Figure 7 Mitigation strategies and their effect on methane CH4 emissions A and animal performance metrics B	22

53 Conservation and culture collections	23

6 Livestock gastrointestinal microbiomes and their implications for One Health	25

References	39

_Hlk120789961	40

_Hlk121489659	45

_Hlk122004242	49

_Hlk122010812	50

Responses received to the expert survey	53

Figure A2 Distribution of responses to the survey questions	54

Parole e frasi comuni

abundance Agriculture anaerobic anaerobic fungi Animal Science antimicrobial archaea Beauchemin Belanche biofilm breeding Butyrivibrio cattle challenges climate change collaboration conservation of microorganisms Creevey culture collections dairy degradation DFMs diet dietary interventions diversity of microorganisms effect emissions from ruminants enhancing environmental enzymes expert survey Frontiers in Microbiology function fungi gastrointestinal tract genera genes genetic resources genomes GHG emissions host https://doi Hungate Huws hydrogen innovations Journal of Animal Kingston-Smith lactic acid bacteria Lactobacillus plantarum Leahy livestock MAGs management of microorganisms metagenomic methane mitigation methane production Methanobrevibacter methanogenesis methanogens Methanosarcinales microbial genetic Microbial Genomics microorganisms of relevance Mizrahi Morgavi Nagoya Nagoya Protocol Neocallimastix Newbold nutrient Nutrition Oyama percent phenotype plant material policies potential protein protozoa reduce methane emissions relevance to ruminant Roehe rumen bacteria rumen microbiome rumen protozoa ruminal fermentation ruminant digestion worldwide ruminant production sequencing specific strategies sustainable tannins understanding UNFCCC VFAs vitro Wallace

Informazioni sull'autore (2024)

Founded in 1945, the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) leads international efforts to defeat hunger. Serving both developed and developing countries, FAO provides a neutral forum where all nations meet as equals to negotiate agreements and debate policy. The Organization publishes authoritative publications on agriculture, fisheries, forestry and nutrition. An intergovernmental organization, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) has 194 Member Nations, two associate members and one member organization, the European Union. Its employees come from various cultural backgrounds and are experts in the multiple fields of activity FAO engages in. FAO’s staff capacity allows it to support improved governance inter alia, generate, develop and adapt existing tools and guidelines and provide targeted governance support as a resource to country and regional level FAO offices. Headquartered in Rome, Italy, FAO is present in over 130 countries.

Informazioni bibliografiche

Titolo	Sustainable use and conservation of microorganisms of relevance to ruminant digestion
Autori	Huws, S.A., Oyama, L.B., Creevey, C.J.
Editore	Food & Agriculture Org., 2024
ISBN	9251386528, 9789251386521
Lunghezza	68 pagine

Esporta citazione	BiBTeX EndNote RefMan

Informazioni su Google Libri - Norme sulla privacy - Termini di servizio - Informazioni per gli editori - Segnala un problema - Guida - Home page di Google