Review of the state of world marine fishery resources – 2025

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Sharma, R. (ed.); Barange, M. (ed.); Agostini, V. (ed.); Barros, P. (ed.); Gutierrez, N.L. (ed.); Vasconcellos, M. (ed.); Fernandez Reguera, D. (ed.); Tiffay, C. (ed.); Levontin, P. (ed.)

Food & Agriculture Org., 2025 - 515 pagine

Marine fisheries are crucial to the food security and nutrition, economy and overall well-being of coastal communities. Maintaining the long-term prosperity and sustainability of marine fisheries is therefore not only ecologically significant, but has social, economic and political importance. The aim of this report is to provide FAO Members, national and regional policymakers, academia, civil society, fishers and managers of world fishery resources with a comprehensive, objective and global review of the state of the living fishery resources of the oceans. This document updates the regular reviews of the state of the world’s marine fishery resources, based on stock assessments and complementary information up to 2023, and official catch statistics through to 2021. The introductory and methodology chapters provide the wider context in which this updated edition of the Review of the state of world marine fishery resources was prepared, highlighting evolutions in the landscape of fisheries and stock assessment capacities since the previous edition of this report in 2011. The methodology section gives a detailed overview of the updated FAO process for providing the state of stocks index, which involved a highly participatory and transparent process (including 19 regional workshops and consultations, with around 650 in-person experts representing 92 countries and 200 organizations). Importantly, the total number of stocks in the assessments included in this report has significantly increased to 2 570. Discussions on major trends and changes at the global level are explored in a dedicated global overview chapter, while more detailed information on the status of stocks for each of the FAO Major Fishing Areas is set out in dedicated regional chapters. Special sections address the global issue of tunas and tuna-like species, and other high-profile fisheries such as deep-sea fisheries in areas beyond national jurisdiction, and highly migratory sharks. Summary tables are provided for each species grouping used in this assessment, indicating the number of stocks included, their sustainability classification between overfished, maximally sustainably fished, and underfished categories, and the number of stocks classified into tiers based on the availability and quality of information and thus the assessment methods used.

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Sommario

Figure A1 Major ocean currents around the world	2

Figure B1FAO Major Fishing Areas for Statistical Purposes	9

Figure B2Yield as a function of stock biomass showing major reference points	11

Figure B3 Tiers in stock assessments	14

Figure C1Number of stocks by tier included in the statusof the stocks index in 2021 according to FAO Major Fishing Area	22

Figure C2Share of assessed stocks by tier in 2021	23

Figure C4Percentages of biologically sustainable and unsustainable fishery stocks in 2021 by FAO Major Fishing Area	27

Figure C5Landing trends for FAO Major Fishing Areas from 19502021	28

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Figure D93Total reported landings in million tonnes by ISSCAAP species group for the Eastern Indian Ocean Area 57 between 1950 and 2021	206

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Figure D94 next pageArea 57 Data at a Glance	210

Figure D102Major current systems in Area 61	216

Figure D103Total reported landings in million tonnes by ISSCAAP species group for the Northwest Pacific Area 61 between 1950 and 2021	221

Figure C6The three temporal patterns in fisheries landings 19502022	29

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Figure C7Capture production and dominant species in Area 21	34

Figure C8Capture production and dominant species in Area 27	36

Figure C9Capture production and dominant species in Area 31	37

Figure C10Capture production and dominant species in Area 34	39

Figure C11Capture production and dominant species in Area 37	40

Figure C12Capture production and dominant species in Area 41	41

Figure C13Capture production and dominant species in Area 47	43

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Figure C14Capture production and dominant species in Area 51	45

Figure C15Capture production and dominant species in Area 57	46

Figure C16Capture production and dominant species in Area 61	47

Figure C17Capture production and dominant species in Area 67	49

Figure C18Capture production and dominant species in Area 71	50

Figure C19Capture production and dominant species in Area 77	52

Figure C20Capture production and dominant species in Area 81	53

Figure C21Capture production and dominant species in Area 87	54

Figure C21Capture production and dominant species in Areas 48 58 and 88 Antarctic Area	56

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Figure C23Global cumulative distribution function CDF of assessed stocks	58

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the Northwest Atlantic	69

Figure D12Total reported landings in million tonnes by ISSCAAP species group for the Northwest Atlantic Area 21 between 1950 and 2021	77

Figure D13 previous pageArea 21 Data at a Glance	81

the Northeast Atlantic	83

Figure D22 Main ICES ecoregions	85

Figure D23 Total reported landings in million tonnes by ISSCAAP species group for the Northeast Atlantic Area 27 between 1950 and 2021	92

Figure D24 previous pageArea 27 Data at a Glance	97

the Western Central Atlantic	99

Figure D32 Main features of the oceanic circulation in the Western Central Atlantic	100

Figure D33 Total reported landings in million tonnes by ISSCAAP species group for the Western Central Atlantic Area 31 between 1950 and 2021	105

Figure D35 previous pageArea 31 Data at a Glance	113

the Eastern Central Atlantic	117

Figure D42Total reported landings in million tonnes by ISSCAAP species group for the Eastern Central Atlantic Area 34 between 1950 and 2021	121

Figure D43 previous pageArea 34 Data at a Glance	129

Figure D52Area 37 organized into the GFCM subregions and geographical subareas GSA	132

Figure D53Average annual landings by GFCM subregion and main landed species 20202021	135

Figure D54ATotal reported landings in million tonnes by ISSCAAP species group for the MEDITERRANEAN AND BLACK SEA Area 37 between ...	140

Figure D54BTotal reported landings in thousand tonnes by species group in the Mediterranean and Black Seas between 1970 and 2021	141

Figure D55Trends in average fishing pressure FFmsy and biomass relative to 2013 BB2013 when the implementation of multiannual management pl...	147

Figure D56 previous pageArea 37 Data at a Glance	149

Figure D62 Total reported landings in million tonnes by ISSCAAP species group for the Southwest Atlantic Area 41 between 1950 and 2021	156

Figure D63 previous pageArea 41 Data at a Glance	163

the Southeast Atlantic	169

Figure D72The Benguela Current Large Marine Ecosystem BCLME	171

Figure D73Total reported landings in million tonnes by ISSCAAP species group for the southeast Atlantic Area 47 between 1950 and 2021	176

Figure D73 previous pageArea 47 Data at a Glance	181

Figure D82Regions and countries of FAO Major Fishing Area 51	184

Figure D83Percentage contribution to the 55 million tonnes of marine aquatic animals reported landed by countriesterritories from Area 51 in 2021 I...	185

Figure D84Regional Commission for Fisheries RECOFI	186

Figure D85IOTC area of competence blue with FAO Major Fishing Area 51 in darker blue	187

Figure D86Area of competence Dark blue of the Southern Indian Ocean Agreement SIOFA	188

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Figure D87Total reported landings in million tonnes by ISSCAAP species group for the Western Indian Ocean Area 51 between 1950 and 2021	191

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Figure D88 previous pageArea 51 Data at a Glance	196

the Eastern Indian Ocean	199

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Figure D104 next pageArea 61 Data at a Glance	225

the northeast pacific	229

Figure D112Total reported landings in million tonnes by ISSCAAP species group for the Northeast Pacific Area 67 between 1950 and 2021	239

Figure D113 previous pageArea 67 Data at a Glance	246

the Western Central Pacific	249

Figure D122 Total reported landings in million tonnes by ISSCAAP species group for the Western Central Pacific Area 71 between 1950 and 2021	257

Figure D123 previous pageArea 71 Data at a Glance	261

the Eastern Central Pacific	265

Figure D132Total reported landings in million tonnes by ISSCAAP species group for the Eastern Central Pacific Area 77 between 1950 and 2021	272

Figure D133 next pageArea 77 Data at a Glance	278

the southwest pacific	283

Figure D142Total reported landings in million tonnes by ISSCAAP species group for the Southwest Pacific Area 81 between 1950 and 2021	293

Figure D143 previous pageArea 81 Data at a Glance	298

the southeast pacific	301

Figure D152Total reported landings in million tonnes by ISSCAAP species group for the Southeast Pacific Area 87 between 1950 and 2021	307

Figure D153 previous pageArea 87 Data at a Glance	313

the Antarctic Area	317

Figure D162aTotal reported landings in million tonnes by ISSCAAP species group for the Antarctic Atlantic Area 48 between 1950 and 2021	322

Figure D162c Total reported landings in million tonnes by ISSCAAP species group for the Antarctic Pacific Area 88 between 1950 and 2021	323

Figure E11 Catch percentage of the total catch by stock in 2023	332

Figure E12Difference between current catch and MSY per stock	333

Figure E13The global catch in million tonnes MT of major commercial tuna species by species left and gear right for the period 19502023	336

Figure E14The global catch in million tonnes MT of major commercial tuna species by gear for each species for the period 19502023	337

Figure E15Coverage of tuna RFMOs	339

Figure E16The Kobe plot represents SSBSSBMSY and FFMSY as references in a figure which gives four different zones each representing a differen...	340

Figure E17Trends in catch in million tonnes MT of bigeye tuna skipjack tuna and yellowfin tuna in the EPO region by species left and gear right fro...	342

Figure E18Catches in million tonnes MT of bigeye tuna yellowfin tuna and skipjack tuna in the EPO from 1950 to 2023 by gear type	343

Figure E19Combined Kobe plot for EPO bigeye tuna yellowfin tuna and skipjack tuna showing the estimates of current spawning biomass SSB and c...	344

Figure E110Trends in catch in million tonnes MT of bigeye skipjack and yellowfin tuna in the WCPO region and North Pacific albacore South Pacifi...	348

Figure E111Catches in million tonnes MT of bigeye skipjack and yellowfin tuna in the WCPO region and North Pacific albacore South Pacific albac...	349

Figure E112Combined Kobe plot for WCPFC bigeye yellowfin and skipjack tuna and North Pacific albacore and South Pacific albacore of the PO re...	351

Figure E113Trends in catch in million tonnes MT of bigeye skipjack yellowfin albacore and bluefin tuna in the Atlantic Ocean by species left and ge...	355

Figure E114Catches in Million Tonnes MT of bigeye yellowfin Eastern Atlantic skipjack Western Atlantic skipjack North Atlantic albacore South Atl...	357

Figure E115Combined Kobe plot for ICCAT bigeye tuna yellowfin tuna skipjack tuna and albacore tuna stocks showing the estimates of current spa...	358

Figure E116Trends in catch in million tonnes MT of bigeye skipjack yellowfin and albacore tuna in the Indian Ocean by species left and gear right fr...	363

Figure E117Catches in million tonnes MT of bigeye yellowfin skipjack and albacore tuna in the Indian Ocean by gear type from 1950 to 2023	364

Figure E118Combined Kobe plot for IOTC bigeye yellowfin skipjack and albacore tuna showing the estimates of current spawning biomass SSB and...	365

Figure E119Catches in million tonnes MT of southern bluefin tuna by gear type from 1952 to 2023	368

Figure E120Kobe plot for the southern bluefin tuna showing the estimates of current spawning biomass SSB and current fishing mortality F in relatio...	369

Figure E21Marine areas beyond national jurisdiction ABNJ are those areas of the ocean that are more than 200 nautical miles from the coast	378

Figure E22Bottom fisheries measures to control fished areas and protect vulnerable marine ecosystems VMEs in 2000 and 2024	382

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Figure E31Reported shark and ray landings by Order between 1950 and 2021	391

Figure E32Average annual reported shark and rays landings between 1950 and 2021 according to FAO Major Fishing Areas	392

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Figure E33Global trends in shark and ray catch reporting according to whether or not the catch is reported at species level between 1950 and 2021	395

Figure E34Annual reported landings of highly migratory sharks between 1950 and 2021	398

Figure E35Annual reported blue shark landings between 1950 and 2021 according to FAO Major Fishing Areas	399

Figure E36Annual reported dogfish landings between 1950 and 2021 according to FAO Major Fishing Areas	400

Figure E37Annual reported longfin mako basking and great white sharks landings between 1950 and 2021 according to FAO Major Fishing Areas	401

Figure E38Annual reported shortfin mako sharks landings between 1980 and 2021 according to FAO Major Fishing Areas	402

Figure E39Annual reported thresher bigeye pelagic and not identified to species NEI shark landings between 1950 and 2021	403

Figure E310Annual reported porbeagle shark landings between 1950 and 2021 in the Indian Atlantic and South Pacific oceans	404

Figure E311Annual reported silky and oceanic whitetip shark landings between 1987 and 2021	405

Figure E312Annual reported stingray guitarfish and wedgefish landings between 1960 and 2021	406

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Altre edizioni - Visualizza tutto

Review of the State of World Marine Fishery Resources
Marine Resources Service (United Nations),Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Visualizzazione completa - 2005

Parole e frasi comuni

15 November Accessed on 15 albacore tuna algae alligators anchovy animals excluding aquatic ANIMALS THOUSAND TONNES Aquatic animals Aquatic animals excluding AQUATIC ANIMALS THOUSAND aquatic products corals Area 51 Area 67 Area 81 assessed stocks Atlantic bigeye tuna biologically sustainable biomass bluefin tuna bycatch caimans CAPTURE FISHERIES PRODUCTION coastal crocodiles demersal excluding aquatic mammals EXPLOITATION IN AREA FAO estimates FAO MAJOR FISHING fish stocks fisheries management FishStat gillnets Global capture production hake highly migratory tunas Indian Ocean live weight equivalent lobster longline mackerel MAJOR FISHING AREA marine fishery resources maximally sustainably fished million tonnes overfished Overfished Note Pacific bluefin tuna pelagic percent region reported landings round sardinella sardine sardinella shells and sponges shrimp silky shark skipjack tuna small pelagic species groups STATUS OF EXPLOITATION stock assessment stock status target Tier 2 Tier total landings trawl tunas and sharks Underfished Unsustainable updated methodology world marine fishery www.fao.org/fishery/en/statistics/software/fishstatj yellowfin tuna

Informazioni sull'autore (2025)

Founded in 1945, the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) leads international efforts to defeat hunger. Serving both developed and developing countries, FAO provides a neutral forum where all nations meet as equals to negotiate agreements and debate policy. The Organization publishes authoritative publications on agriculture, fisheries, forestry and nutrition.

An intergovernmental organization, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) has 194 Member Nations, two associate members and one member organization, the European Union. Its employees come from various cultural backgrounds and are experts in the multiple fields of activity FAO engages in. FAO’s staff capacity allows it to support improved governance inter alia, generate, develop and adapt existing tools and guidelines and provide targeted governance support as a resource to country and regional level FAO offices. Headquartered in Rome, Italy, FAO is present in over 130 countries.

Informazioni bibliografiche

Titolo	Review of the state of world marine fishery resources – 2025 Edizione 721 di FAO fisheries and aquaculture technical paper
Autori	Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Sharma, R. (ed.); Barange, M. (ed.); Agostini, V. (ed.); Barros, P. (ed.); Gutierrez, N.L. (ed.); Vasconcellos, M. (ed.); Fernandez Reguera, D. (ed.); Tiffay, C. (ed.); Levontin, P. (ed.)
Editore	Food & Agriculture Org., 2025
ISBN	9251398593, 9789251398593
Lunghezza	515 pagine

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