For he holds Christ to be wholly circumscribed by the Jewish moral and ritual law, he understands the passage in Matt. v, 18, that no tittle shall pass from the Law till all be fulfilled, in its literal sense, and concludes from the command in Matt. v, 23, that Christ supposed sacrifices would continue to the end of the world, an event, moreover, which he considered near at hand; -ideas not calculated to beget an exalted opinion of the author's logic. The declaration of Jesus, (Matt. xii, 6, 8,) that he is greater than the temple, and Lord of the Sabbath, gives Dr. Ritschl little uneasiness: he passes it over in silence. He is cf opinion that Jesus, in the Sermon on the Mount, opposed only the statutes of the Pharisees, and not also the Mosaic lawgiving. Though he cannot conceal from himself that Moses, on account of the hardness of the people's hearts, suffered an infraction of God's word, (Matt. xix,) he yet rather attributes the text to an interpolation, or attributes indeed to Christ an inconsequence, sooner than doubt of his own opinion. Really this is not to be wondered at, when we learn that Christ conceived of the law not in its spirituality and unity, but as a mass of statutes, which he increased by laying down a single command for the regulation of the spiritual affections. Thus the fundamental error of the Pharisaic legislation would also attach itself to the lawgiving of Christ. He who spoke through the prophets and the Psalms must have understood the true nature of the law. The author is so incapable of understanding the nature of that morality-the Holy One, learning every instant the distance that separated his own godlike purity from the sinful company about him, that Christ, in his opinion, never reflected upon it whether man could fulfil the law, much less presupposed his ability to do it; in which case Pelagius might justly have appealed to him. The sublime nature of Christ, and his very sub●rdinate knowledge, are, in the author's opinion, irreconcilable with unity of purpose; and they have, according to his theory, given birth to diversity. The impulse to a holy life might proceed from the acknowledgment of Christ as the Messiah, and from the hope of his second coming; whereas the older apostles in the Jewish law may have persevered in reliance on the doctrine and precedence of Christ. This remained the character of the Jewish Christians, who maintained the continuance of the Jewish law in Christianity. Paul, how

evet, was indifferent to the historical tradition of Jesus-(Dr. Ritschl treats the Acts of the Apostles much as he pleases)but he deserves the credit of having established the doctrines of the Church,-really a very ambiguous credit to us, seeing he cared nothing for the history of Christ. Paul first established the doctrine of salvation not by works, but by faith,—a theory which, according to Dr. Ritschl, was very far from the conceptions of Christ. Paul laid down as the substance of faith the vicarious atonement of Christ, the just for the unjust, which involves a logical contradiction; and this doctrine, in consideration that the Gospel was the power of fulfilling the law, has abrogated that only law. Though every simple Christian and every Catechism can inform us how the atonement, received in faith, and with gratitude and joy, can make salvation possible, yet Dr. Ritschl sees in it nothing but contradiction, and declares that the difficulty of this doctrine, and its want of harmony, have broken down that legal character which separated the ancient Catholic Church from the apostle Paul, you have considered Christianity as a new Law; and as Paul's rule of life was insufficient-which, however, is by no means true-you have turned again to the tradition of Christ, but your taste is changed. The author now attempts to trace back the form of the Catholic Church of the second century to the teachings of Paul, while Baur and Schwegler find it in Jewish Christianity. Though he bitterly reproaches Neander for admitting a retrogression in the development of the Church, yet he himself makes the same admission; and not merely a retrogression through the Christians of the post-apostolic epoch, but one that inculpates Paul, and even Christ himself;-a discovery upon which we set no very high value. We pursue the exposition no further at present, suffice it to have demonstrated the nothingness of the groundwork put forth with such confidence.

Neander's Posthumous Works.

Neander's Church History is printed as far as the year 1294. He has continued the work in manuscript up to the beginning of the fifteenth century, so that Wiclif, Huss, and other important precursors of the Reformation have found a place in it. This last volume of the great work will shortly be printed. But it is not in the department of Church History alone that Neander has laboured: indeed, it is thought by many of his

pupils that his Exegetical Lectures on the New Testament are of more value, if possible, than his historical writings-certainly that they far excel anything of the kind in the existing Commentaries. During his course, he interpreted all the books of the New Testament except the Apocalypse. Preparations are now making to publish the most important of these from the notes taken by the students. Although they must, of course, lack the finish and precision they would have received had the lamented lecturer himself prepared them for the press, they will yet form a most valuable contribution to theology, and will serve to place the scientific pre-eminence of Neander in a new and striking light.

His lectures also upon Doctrines, Ethics, the History of Doctrine, and of Morals, with a Philosophical Survey of Church History, will be very acceptable gifts, as well for general use as for the special benefit of students.

A Successor to Neander.

It is profoundly and universally felt that no survivor of Neander can make good his loss to the University of Berlin. Among the candidates named as most likely to be honoured with a call to his chair are NIEDNer, of Leipsic, ULLMANN, of Heidelberg, and Lehnerdt, of Königsberg. The two former are well and widely known from their theological writings; while Lehnerdt has a high reputation as a lecturer, and has obtained great influence over his students. J. L. JACOBI.

Berlin, October, 1850.

Among the most important late publications on the continent of Europe are the following:

S. Iustini Phil. et Mart. Opera quae feruntur omnia. Ad optimos libros mss. partim nondum collatos recensuit, prolegomenis adnotatione versione instruxit, indices adiecit I. C. Thd. Otto, phil. et theol. Dr., theol. in acad. Ien. professor. Tomi III. Pars I. et II. Opera Iustini subditicia. Editio altera. Ienae, pp. 208, 404, gr. 8. Also under the title: Corpus Apologetarum Christianorum saeculi secundi. Edidit I. C. Thd. Otto. Vol. IV. et V.

Eine Idee über das Studium der Theologie. Von W. M. L. DE WETTE. Dem Druck übergeben und mit einer Vorrede begleitet von Ad. Stieren, Dr. d. Theol. u. Philos., Prof. d. Theol. an der Univ. Jena. Leipzig. 1850. 31 pp.. 8vo.

Zehn Gespräche über Philosophie und Religion; von Ludw. Fürst Solms. Hamburg u. Gotha. Pp. 306. 1850. 8vo.

Ueber die arabische Dichtkunst und das Verhältniss des Islam zum Christenthum. Eine im wissenschaftlichen Verein zu Berlin am 9. Februar gehaltene Vorlesung von Dr. Fr. Dieterici, Docenten an der Universität. Berlin. 1850. pp. 29. 8vo.

Vetus Testamentum graece juxta LXX interpretes. Η παλαιά διαθήκη κατὰ τοὺς ἑβδομήκοντα. Textum Vaticanum Romanum emendatius edidit, argumenta et locos novi testamenti parallelos notavit, omnem lectionis varietatem codicum vetustissimorum Alexandrini, Ephraemi Syri, FridericoAugustani subjunxit, commentationem isagogicam praetexuit Const. Tischendorf, theol. Dr. et Prof. II Tomi. Lipsiae. 1850. Pp. 1272.

Novum Testamentum graece et latine; Car. Lachmannus recensuit Phil. Buttmannus Ph. f. graecae lectionis auctoritates apposuit. Tom. II. Berolini. 1850. Pp. 701. 8vo.

Geschichte der Pasagier, Joachim's von Floris, Amalrich's von Bena und anderer verwandter Sekten; von Dr. C. U. Hahn. Mit 6 lithograph. Tafeln Stuttgart, 1850, pp. 396. 8vo.

Among the new works in theology and kindred subjects recently announced in Great Britain, are the following:

Three Essays: The Reunion and Recognition of Christians in the Life to Come; The Right Love of Creatures and of the Creator; Christian Conversation; by John Sheppard. 12mo., pp. 236:-The Four Gospels Combined; or, the Life of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ, as narrated by the Four Evangelists. Being a Chronological Arrangement of the Gospels according to Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John, in the Words of Holy Scripture, according to the Authorized Version, and omitting repetitions only. 12mo. :-Objections to the Doctrine of Israel's Future Restoration to Palestine, National Pre-eminence, &c.; by Edward Swaine. Second edition. Pp. 163:—Analysis and Summary of Old Testament History and the Laws of Moses. 12mo., pp. 516:-Discourses and Sayings of our Lord Jesus Christ, illustrated in a Series of Expositions; by Rev. John Brown, Ď. D. 3 vols., 8vo., pp. 1704:-Light in the Dark Places; or, Memorials of Christian Life in the Middle Ages; translated from the Ger

man of Dr. A. Neander. Feɲ., 8vo., pp. 406:-The Gospel in Central America: containing a Sketch of the Country-Physical and Geographical-Historical and Political-Moral and Religious. A History of the Baptist Mission in British Honduras, and of the Introduction of the Bible into the Spanish American Republic of Guatemala; by Frederick Crowe. 12mo. :-Prophetic Studies; or, Lectures on Daniel; by the Rev. John Cumming, D. D. fcp. 8vo:An Analysis and Critical Interpretation of the Hebrew Version of the Book of Genesis; by the Rev. William Paul, A. M. A Commentary on the Epistle of Paul the Apostle to the Romans; with a new Translation and Notes, by W. W. Ewbank, M. A. To be completed in 2 volumes, post 8vo. Vol. I.:-Annotations on the New Testament, Critical, Philosophical, and Explanatory: intended as an Appendix and Supplement to the larger Greek Testament, with English Notes; containing Additional Annotations, Critical, Philological, and Explanatory; by the Rev. S. T. Bloomfield, D. D. 1 vol., 8vo. :-The Church of Christ, in its Ideal Attributes and Ministry: with an especial Reference to the Controversy on the Subject between Romanists and Protestants; by Edward Arthur Litton, M. A: --A System of Theology; by Godfrey William Baron von Leibnitz; translated from the Autograph MS., with an Introduction,

Notes, and Appendix, by Charles William Russell, D. D., Professor of Ecclesiastical History in St. Patrick's College, Maynooth. 1 vol., 8vo. :-An Exposition of the ThirtyNine Articles, Historical and Doctrinal; by Edward Harold Browne, M. A., Prebendary of Exeter. To be completed in two vols. Vol. I. 8vo. :-The Nature and Comparative Value of the Christian Evidences considered Generally, in Eight Sermons preached before the University of Oxford, in the Year MDCCCXLIX, at the Lecture founded by the late Rev. John Bampton, M. A., Canon of Salisbury; by the Rev. John Michell, B. D., Vice Principal of Magdalen Hall, and late Fellow and Tutor of Lincoln College. 8vo.:--The Bible Student's Guide to the more Correct Understanding of the English Translation of the Old Testament, by Reference to the Original Hebrew. By an Alphabetical Arrangement of every English Word in the Authorized Version, the corresponding Hebrew may at once be ascertained, with its Peculiar Signification and Construction; by the Rev. W. Wilson, D. D., Canon of Winchester. 1 vol., 4to. :-A Synopsis of Authorities on the Doctrine of Baptism, &c.; containing Quotations and Abridgments from the Fathers and other Writers of the first Four Centuries; by J. A. Wickham. Esq. With a Preface by the Rev. H. D. Wickham, late Fellow of Exeter College, Oxford. 1'vol., 8vo.

Professor H. B. Hackett, of the Trenton Theological Institution, has in press a "Philological and Exegetical Commentary on the Acts of the Apostles," which will be published in the spring, in a volume of 350 or 400 pages. "Its aim," according to the Bibliotheca Sacra, "will be, to give a full exhibition of the meaning of the text, supported by the best critical authorities. Some questions of special difficulty will be discussed in an appendix."

Messrs. Lane & Scott have in press a reprint of a new English work of striking interest, entitled, “Religion, the Weal of the Church and the Need of the Times, by GEORGE STEWARD." The work contains a series of able essays upon topics of the times, and is, in most respects, as well adapted to stir up the Church in America as in England. The titles of its chapters

are the following:-The Speech of GodThe Word of God-Evangelism-Characteristics of the Age-Unbelief-Church Requisites-Church Provision-MethodismChurch Sanctity-Church Visitations (Revivals)—The Divine Government-Prayer and its Presages.

Cox's translation of Neander's monograph, "The Emperor Julian and his Times," has been published by J. C. Riker, New-York, in a 12mo. volume.

We learn from the Christian Review that Neander's Practical Expositions of St. James and of St. Paul's Epistle to the Philippians, noticed some time since in this Journal, are in process of translation by Mrs. H. C. Couant, and will soon be published. A translation of Hagenbach's Kirchengeschichte des 18 und 19 Jahrhunderte, may also be expected from the same pen.

An abridged edition of Smith's Great Dictionary of Antiquities, Mythology, and Biography, has been published in London, in one volume, 8vo., for the use of schools.

The seventh volume of the translation of Schlosser's "History of the Eighteenth Century, and of the Nineteenth, till the Overthrow of the French Empire," has been published in London. The eighth and concluding volume is announced for speedy publication.

M. Botta's Letters on the First Discoveries at Nineveh, have been translated from the French, and published in London, in one volume, 8vo. It is illustrated by numerous plates of ancient sculpture and inscriptions.-Among the recent additions to the collection of Nineveh marbles in the British Museum, are two bas-reliefs representing a Winged Human-Headed Lion and a Winged Human-Headed Bull. Mr. Layard writes of the winged Lion as follows:

"This colossal figure formed one side of a portal leading from an outer chamber into the Great Hall of the North-west Palace at Nimroud. The one selected, stood on the north side of the western entrance. It was in admirable preservation, and about twelve feet square. Each entrance to the same chamber, and the entrance to most of the halls of the Assyrian palaces, were formed by pairs of similar monsters, either lions or bulls, with a human head and the wings of a bird. There can be little doubt that they were invested with a mythic or symbolic character-that they typified the Deity, or some of his attributes, his omniscience, his ubiquity, and his might. Like the Egyptian Sphynxes, they were probably introduced into the architecture of the people on account of their sacred character. Thirteen pairs of them-some, however, very much injured-were discovered among the ruins of Nimroud. At Kouijunjik five pairs of winged bulls were dug out, but neither in these ruins nor at Khorsabad was the winged lion found. They differed considerably in size-the largest being about sixteen and a half feet square, and the smallest scarcely five; and in every instance were sculptured out of one solid slab. The head and fore part were finished all round,-the body and hind legs being in high relief. The spaces behind the back and between the legs were covered with a cuneiform inscription.”

The Winged Human-Headed Bull is thus described:

"The figure here engraved is similar in character to the Winged Lion, and formed the eastern side of the southern entrance to the Great Hall in the North-west Palace at Nimroud. It was sculptured out of a yellow limestone. The human head of the bull forming the opposite side of the entrance is now in the British Museum."

Among the new works recently announced in England are the following:

The Kafir Language: comprising a Sketch of its History; which includes a General Classification of South African Dialects; Remarks upon its Nature, and a Grammar; by the Rev. John W. Appleyard, Wesleyan Missionary in British Kaffraria. 1 vol., 8vo.: -A Pilgrimage to the Land of my Fathers; or, Narrative of Travel and Sojourn in Judea and Egypt; by the Rev. Moses Margoliouth. 2 vols., 8vo.:-Notes of a Residence in Nineveh, and Travels in Mesopotamia, Assyria, &c.; by the Rev. J. P. Fletcher, Minister of St. Saviour's Church. 2 vols., 8vo. :-Revelations of Life, and other Poems; by John Edmund Reade, Author of "Catiline," "Italy," &c. Post 8vo. :The Charities of London; their Origin and Design, Progress, and Present Position; by Sampson Low, Jun. Fcp., 8vo. :-The Philosophy of Spirits in Relation to Matter: showing the Real Existence of Two very distinct Kinds of Entity, which Unite to Form the different Bodies that Compose the Universe; by C. M. Burnett, M. D. 1 vol., 8vo. :—The Stones of Venice; by John Ruskin, Author of the "Seven Lamps of Architecture." 1 vol., 8vo. :-A Volume of Table-Talk; by Leigh Hunt. Fcp., 8vo. : -Characters, Costumes, and Modes of Life in the Valley of the Nile; by E. Prisse, the letter-press by J. A. St. John. 1 vol., 4to., with 31 plates, said to be one of the most beautiful works of art ever issued from the

English press:-Curran and his Contemporaries; by Charles Phillips, Esq. 2 vols., 8vo. :-Notes on North America, Agricultural, Social, and Economical; by James F. W. Johnston, F. R. SS. L. & E., &c., Author of "Lectures on Agricultural Chemistry and Geology :"-Thoughts on Being: suggested by Meditation upon the Infinite, the Immaterial, and the Eternal; by Edward Shirley Kennedy. 8vo.:-Elements of Catholic Philosophy; or, Theory of the Natural System of the Human Mind. 8vo.: