History of Europe: From the Commencement of the French Revolution to the Restoration of the Bourbons in MDCCCXV [i.e. 1815], Volume 2

Archibald Alison

Blackwood, 1849

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CHAPTER VI	1

Virtual captivity of the royal family and insults to which they are exposed	7

Vast effects of these changes	13

Answer of the Abbé Maury and Sièyes	19

And to the subdivision of land	25

Mirabeaus speech in reply	29

Discussion as to vesting right of making peace and war in the crown	30

Mirabeaus speech in favour of the crown on this point	31

Mr Burke His character and early history	367

His first entrance into life	368

His views on the French Revolution	369

Division between Mr Burke and Mr Fox on the Canadian constitution	370

Argument of Mr Fox for the French Revolution	371

Argument against it by Mr Burke	374

Rupture between them	377

Their final separation	378

Settlement on the crown	32

Reflections on this change	33

Military organisation	34

General establishment of national guards	36

And of armed pikemen in the towns	37

Fearful depreciation of assignats	38

Argument of the Abbé Maury and Talleyrand against their further issue ib 43 Mirabeaus argument in favour of the assignats	39

Their rapid fall	40

Preparations for a fête on the 14th July	41

Particulars of the fête itself ib 47 Accusation of the Duke of Orleans and Mirabeau	43

Noble speech of Cazalès on this occasion ib 49 Retirement of Necker	44

Change of ministry	45

Revolt at Metz and Nancy ib 52 Character of M de Bouillé	47

Great difficulties of de Bouillés situation ib 54 Bouillé marches against Nancy	48

Bloody action there	49

Tumult in Paris and proceedings in the Assembly	50

Frightful disorders in different parts of France	51

New ecclesiastical oath Its disastrous effects	52

Reasons which led them to resist this oath	54

Remarkable speech and prophecy of Cazalès on this occasion ib 61 Noble conduct of the clergy in refusing the oath	55

Ruinous effects of this measure	56

Revolutionary law of inheritance	57

Clubs of Paris Jacobins and Monarchiens	58

Departure for Rome of the Princesses Adelaide and Victoria	59

Continued emigration	60

Arrest of the royal princesses	61

Discussion concerning emigrants	62

Mirabeau joins the throne	63

His plan on its behalf	65

His death	66

His character	67

And funeral obsequies	68

Changed views of the literary men in Paris on the Revolution	69

Debate in the Assembly on the punishment of death and Robespierres speech on it	70

Battle of ChateauGontier	71

Designs of the royal family to effect their escape	72

de Bouillés arrangements for the journey ib 78 Preparations at Paris for the escape of the royal family	73

Plans of the court	75

Journey to Varennes and extraordinary fatalities which caused it to miscarry	76

The King reveals himself to the mayor who takes means to arrest the party	78

He is forcibly detained till the aidesdecamp of Lafayette arrive	79

Arrest of the King and his return to Paris	80

Real causes of the failure of the journey to Varennes	81

Consternation at Paris commissioners sent for the King and Barnave won to the royal cause	82

Return to Paris and barbarity of the people on the road	83

Universal consternation in Paris on this event	84

Proceedings in the Assembly	85

Return of the royal family to Paris	87

Views of the parties on the flight of the King ib 91 First open avowal of republican principles and new division of parties in the Assembly	88

The royal authority is suspended by a decree of the Assembly	89

Object of the Republicans	90

Argument of Robespierre against the King ib 95 And of Barnave in reply	91

Revolt in the ChampdeMars	92

Vigorous measures of the Assembly Victory of Lafayette	93

But the Constitutionalists do not follow it up	95

Selfdenying ordinance	97

The King reinvested with his power	98

Closing of the Assembly ib 103 Merits of the Constituent Assembly	99

And its errors and faults	100

Which were all committed in the face of their instructions	102

Vicious principle which led to all these disasters	103

Fatal creation of revolutionary interests	104

Proves the impossibility of extinguishing revolutionary passion by concession	105

Cause to which this was owing ib 110 When should resistance to revolution be made?	106

Undue humanity and irresolution of the King	107

Treachery of the troops and emigration of the noblesse	108

The Constitutional Assembly had destroyed the elements of freedom	109

CHAPTER VII	110

Dangers of universal suffrage ib 3 Causes to which they are owing	111

Formation of the Legislative Assembly	112

State of the country during the primary elections	113

Total want of propriety or decorum in the new Assembly and dangerous preponderance of young men in it	114

Increased emigration of nobles	115

General character of the Assembly	118

Parties in the Assembly The Feuillants Character of Madame de Stael	119

Character of the Girondists	120

Their principles and errors	121

Their fatal mistake as to the character of man	123

Character of Madame Roland ib 16 Her great influence in the Assembly	125

Character of Vergniaud	126

Brissot His character	127

Guadet Gensonné Isnard Barbaroux and others	128

Picture of the Jacobins	129

Composition of the Jacobin Club and tests applied previous to admission	130

The secret of their success	132

Early history of Danton	133

His character	135

His redeeming qualities	136

Biography and character of Marat	138

Birth and early years of St Just	140

His character	141

Early years and education of Robespierre ib 30 His prizeessay at Metz in 1784	142

His character has been disfigured by his contemporaries	145

His character and principles ib 34 His personal appearance and weaknesses	146

Club of the Jacobins	148

Views of the King at this period	149

Formation of the constitutional guard of the King	150

Vehement discontent of the church	151

Argument of Brissot and others against the emigrants ib 40 Answer of the Constitutionalists	152

Decree against the emigrants	153

Argument in favour of the clergy in the Assembly ib 43 Severe decrees against the clergy	154

The king refuses to sanction these decrees	155

Election of a Mayor of Paris	156

Distraction and misery of France	157

Decay and ruin of the navy	159

Commencement of agitation in St Domingo	160

Dreadful insurrection there ib 50 The Assembly concedes universal emancipation	161

Origin of the disturbances at Avignon	162

Progress of the disorders in Avignon	163

Massacres at Avignon	164

Fall of the ministry and admission of the Girondists to power	165

Character of Dumourier	166

Of M Roland ib 57 Increasing difficulties of the government and distress of the country	167

The disasters of the war augment the Kings danger	168

Debate on the disbanding of the royal guard	170

Reasons which induced the Girondists to act immediately	180

Heroic conduct of the Queen and Princess Elizabeth	187

The Girondists openly aim at overturning the throne Debates in	193

Indecision and want of preparation of the court	200

Description of the Carrousel at this period	206

France	226

Errors of the Allies which led to these events	227

Fatal effects of the want of religious principle in France	228

Coincidence of the successive leaders of the Revolution with the characters of its stages	229

CHAPTER VIII	231

Cause of this change	232

Fundamental error in democratic institutions	233

The wicked in revolutions inevitably rise to the head ib 5 State of Paris after the 10th August	234

Fury of the populace	235

Reappointment of the Girondist ministry	236

Disposal of the King and royal family	237

They are transferred to the Temple	238

The armies obey the ruling powers	239

Fall and flight of Lafayette	240

Furious demands for blood by the municipality of Paris	241

Institution of the Revolutionary Tribunal	242

Preparations of the court	243

Its first victims and adoption of the guillotine ib 16 Death of Bachman and Durosoi	244

Consternation produced by the advance of the Prussians and plan for a massacre in the prisons	245

The barriers closed and the Assembly dissolves the municipality	246

Speech of Vergniaud to the deputation of the municipality	247

Answer of Tallien and the municipality	248

Energetic plans of Danton	249

General terror in Paris	250

Massacre in the prisons	251

In the Abbaye	252

Hideous cruelty of the people ib 26 Atrocious conduct of the populace in the court	253

Speech of BillaudVarennes to the murderers	254

Heroism of Monnot and Mademoiselles de Sombreuil and Cazotte	255

Massacre in the prison of the Carmes	256

Death of the Archbishop of Arles	257

Death of the Princess Lamballe ib 32 Extraordinary feelings of the murderers	259

Massacre of the Swiss	260

Massacres in the Conciergerie Bicètre and Salpetrière	261

Dreadful fate of M de Montmorin	262

Similar examples of cruelty in other countries ib 37 Feeble conduct of the Assembly	263

of the prisoners coming from Orleans	265

Massacres at Meaux and Lyons	266

Frightful barbarities at Rheims	267

Burning of priests and others there ib 43 Enormous plunder by the municipality of Paris	268

Roland in vain denounces these atrocities	269

Termination of the Legislative Assembly	270

Elections for the National Convention	271

Parties in the new Assembly and influence of the Jacobin clubs over France	272

Mutual recriminations of the Girondists and Jacobins	273

Abolition of royalty and new calendar introduced State of the finances	274

Formation of a new constitution entirely democratic ib 51 Accusation of Robespierre by Osselin and Barbaroux	275

Accusation of Marat	276

Marats reply	277

Louvet arraigns Robespierre	278

His powerful speech ib 56 Feeble conduct of the Girondists	279

Reply of Robespierre	280

The King leaves the palace and joins the Assembly	281

Weakness of the Girondists on this occasion	282

Real seat of the evil lay in the destruction of the executive	283

Vain attempt to establish a municipal guard for the Convention and mena cing language of the sections of Paris at the bar of the Assembly	284

More severe laws passed against the emigrants	285

Proposed measures of the Girondists against the municipality ib 64 The Jacobins spread the report of a division of the Republic	286

Preparations for the trial of Louis and violent agitation raised by the Jacobins on the subject	287

Discovery of the iron closet in the Tuileries	288

Preliminary pointCould Louis be tried?	289

Stormy discussion in the Convention	290

Speech of StJust on the subject	291

Robespierres arguments	292

Majority determine he may be tried	293

Description of the Temple	294

Conduct of the royal family during their captivity ib 74 Occupations of the royal family in the Temple	296

Increasing severity of the Republican authorities	297

They are separated from each other	298

Conduct of the royal family when told of Louiss trial	299

The King brought to the bar of the Convention	300

His return to the Temple	301

Generous devotion of Malesherbes and Tronchet	302

De Sèze is called in and his eloquent peroration struck out by Louis	303

The King is brought to trial	304

The Kings concluding words	306

Debate on the accusation	307

Desperate fight in the Place Carrousel	308

Vergniauds reply	309

Louis is condemned contrary to the secret opinion of the great majority of the Assembly	311

The defection of the Girondists was the cause of this	312

Sentence of death is pronounced	313

Dignified conduct of Louis	314

Santerre announces the sentence and his last interview with his family	315

His last communion	316

His removal to the place of execution	317

Execution of the King	318

Interment of his body in the Madeleine	319

Reflections on the event and Louiss character	320

Reflections on the conduct of the Girondists on this occasion	321

Final inexpedience of the death of Louis even to the Revolutionists	322

The unanimous vote of guilty contrary to the opinion of the majority of the Convention	323

It illustrates the action of a despotic majority	324

Reflections on the death of Louis	325

Its unpardonable atrocity ib 106 And ultimate beneficial effects	326

CHAPTER IX	328

Superficial extent of the British isles	329

General aspect of the British isles	330

Rivers of Great Britain	331

General aspect of Scotland	332

General features of Ireland	333

Difference between the agricultural produce of Great Britain and Ireland	334

Population of the British isles ib 9 Great influence of race on national character	336

Character of the AngloSaxons	337

Energy and perseverance of the AngloSaxons	338

Their corresponding vices	339

Character of the Irish	341

Their want of pacific industry and enterprise	342

Happy situation of Great Britain for commerce	343

Nursery for seamen in its coasting trade and fisheries	344

Its happy situation for foreign commerce	345

And vast mineral riches	346

Prodigious growth of the manufactures and commerce of Britain	348

And still greater extent of its agricultural ib 21 Marvels of British agriculture	349

Old constitution of Great Britain	351

Aspect of society in the British islands at this period	352

Great firmness of George III	353

State of Great Britain in 1792	354

Revenues and military and naval forces	355

Depression in the national spirit and abuses in the army	356

Slumber of the national mind during the eighteenth century	357

Erroneous views of philosophers on the tendency of human affairs	358

Views of the Whigs on the Revolution	359

And of the Tories ib 32 Early history of Mr Fox	360

His character as a statesman and orator	361

Mr Pitt His early biography	362

His youth and studies at college	363

His early difficulties as a statesman	365

His character as a statesman and arduous struggle he maintained	366

Reflections on the event	379

State of Austria	380

Accession of Joseph II Innovation and improvement become the order of the day	382

Austrian Netherlands	383

Destruction of the barrier fortresses	384

Accession and character of Leopold	385

Revolt of the Flemings against Austria ib 55 State of the German Empire	386

Military system of the monarchy	387

Its statistics and government	388

State of Russia	389

The Russian army and Cossacks	390

Character of the Russian soldiers	391

The civil institutions and government and national spirit of Russia	392

Poland its divisions and partitions	393

Heroic military character of the Poles	394

Sweden ib 66 Ottoman dominions	395

Constant decline of their population	396

Italy ib 69 Piedmont	398

Character of the Spanish army ib 74 Switzerland	401

State of society over Europe at this epoch ib 76 Difference between the South and the North	403

General passion for innovation ib 78 State of France when hostilities commenced	404

Menacing language of the French to other states	405

Mutual jealousies of the European powers at this period ib 81 Diplomacy of Prussia after the death of Frederick the Great	406

Designs of Austria on Turkey	407

Efforts of Mr Pitt to arrest the ruin of Turkey which are successful	408

Causes of this general pacification ib 85 Causes which brought on the Revolutionary war	409

Violent proceedings of the National Assembly against the German vassals of the French crown	410

Efforts of the King and Queen of France to effect their deliverance	411

Treaty of Mantua	412

Plans of the royal family of France for their escape	413

Treaty of Pilnitz	414

Which led to nothing	415

Their warlike preparations are all abandoned by the Allies	416

More vigorous views of Catherine of Russia and Gustavus of Sweden	418

Measures of the emigrant noblesse ib 95 Dispute about the indemnities to the German princes and prelates	419

Difficulties and fears of the Allies	420

The French Revolutionary party resolve on war	421

Debate on the foreign powers and the emigrants	422

Preparations for war which the Emperor yet wished to avoid	424

It is opposed by Robespierre	425

Violent declamations in the National Assembly in favour of war	426

Violent speech of Brissot in favour of war ib 104 And again on Jan 17 1792	427

Extraordinary efforts of Brissot and the Girondists to force on a war	428

Mutual recriminations which led to war	429

Universal desire for war in France	430

The King yields against his own judgment	431

He acted contrary to his conviction in doing so	432

Universal joy which the declaration of war diffused in France	433

Real views of the Allies at this period ib 112 Accession of the Emperor Francis to the throne of Austria	434

Great Britain still strictly neutral till the 10th August made her prepare for war	435

French system of propagandism	436

French attack on Italy Geneva and Germany	437

French declaration of war against all nations	439

Decree of the Convention ib 118 Violent instructions to their generals by the French Convention	440

Alarm excited in Great Britain by these proceedings	441

Opening of the Scheldt	443

Answer of the French envoy on that of France	444

Real views of Great Britain at this period	445

War declared by France ib 125 Reflections on this event	447

Limits of the principle of noninterference	448

Grounds of the war stated in British declaration ib 128 Conditions on which peace was still offered	449

CHAPTER X	451

Beneficial effects of this warlike passion ib 3 State of the French armies at the commencement of the war	452

The Allied forces	453

French invasion of the Low Countries which is defeated	454

Reflections on the wretched state of the French army at this period ib 7 Consternation in consequence at Paris and movements of the Allies	455

Character of the Duke of Brunswick	456

His secret views on entering on this war	457

Selfish views of the Allied powers at this period	458

Views of Dumourier and the government of Paris	459

The invasion of Champagne is resolved on ib 13 Impolitic invasion of Poland and wise views of Louis XVI	460

Proclamation of the Duke of Brunswick	463

Invasion of France and disposition of the French forces	464

Line of advance adopted by the Allies	465

Tardy advance of the Allies Longwy and Verdun surrender	466

The Allies fail to occupy the Argonne forest	467

Description of the Argonne forest which Dumourier seizes	468

Dumouriers position there	469

Dilatory motions of the Allies	470

Clairfait seizes the pass of CroixauBois	471

Retreat of Dumourier to SteMénéhould and rout of part of the French army ib 24 Dumourier takes post at SteMénéhould and the French armies unite	473

Consternation in the rear of the French army	474

Positions taken up by the French troops	475

Cannonade of Valmy	476

Great effects of this affair ib 29 French retain their position	477

Secret negotiation between the Duke of Brunswick and Dumourier	478

Which also paralysed the Allies on the field of Valmy	479

Effect of these negotiations on the Allied movements ib 33 The emigrants advocate an advance to Paris	480

Progress of the negotiation	481

Intrigues at the Prussian headquarters	482

Motives which induced the Allies to retreat	483

Distress of the Allies who resolve to retire	484

Consternation at Paris from the retreat to SteMénéhould	485

Conferences opened for the retreat of the Prussians who retire	486

Their unmolested retreat ib 41 Operations in Flanders Siege of Lisle	488

Operations on the Upper Rhine and capture of Mayence	489

The Duke of Brunswick recrosses the Rhine	490

Plan for the invasion of Flanders	491

French invasion of Flanders ib 46 Battle of Jemappes	494

Results of the battle Tardy advance of Dumourier Conquest of Flanders	495

Jealousy of Dumourier at Paris ib 50 French advance to the Scheldt Fall of Antwerp and opening of that river	496

Liege and Namur taken by Dumourier in person	497

Dumourier puts his army into winterquarters	498

Decree of the Convention against all governments ib 54 Violent changes introduced into Belgium	499

Dreadful oppression of the French Revolutionists in Flanders	500

Strong reaction in consequence in Flanders	501

War declared against Piedmont ib 58 French enter Savoy	502

Their rapid conquests and cruel devastation	503

Massacre of the Swiss	504

They fail in reducing Geneva but revolutionise all Savoy which is in corporated with France	505

Operations on the Upper Rhine	506

The French recross the Rhine	507

Reflections on these events	508

Great results to which the war was evidently to lead and causes of the Republican success	509

Necessity of acting vigorously against a revolution in the outset	510

Ease with which early success might have been gained	511

Faults of Dumourier ib 69 Extreme danger of France at the outset of the Revolution from the revolt of the army	512

Glorious efforts of France at this period	513

CHAPTER XI	514

Principle in human nature on which this is founded	515

General consternation at the death of Louis	516

Aspect of Paris after that event	517

It irrecoverably ruined the Girondists	518

Retirement of Roland from the Ministry of the Interior	519

The death of the King ultimately disappoints all parties	520

Murder of Lepelletier by Paris	521

War declared against England Spain and Holland	522

Prodigious effect of these measures ib 11 Their prejudicial effect on the Royalist and Constitutional cause	523

Plan of the Jacobins for resisting the Allies	524

Great distress in Paris and over France	525

Popular demands for a maximum ib 15 Tumult in Paris from the high prices	526

Its disastrous effects 116	527

Debates at the Jacobins on this subject	528

Remarkable speech of Robespierre there	529

Indecision of all parties in Paris	530

Designs of Dumourier	531

His irruption into Holland in pursuance of it ib 22 Dumouriers designs against the Republic	532

His extreme imprudence	533

Dumourier arrests the commissioners of the Convention	534

His failure and flight	535

Contests between the Girondists and Jacobins ib 27 Abortive conspiracy of the Jacobins	536

Proposal for the Revolutionary Tribunal	537

Vehement debate on this project in the Assembly	538

The Revolutionary Tribunal is established	539

Character of FouquierTinville its public accuser	541

War in la Vendée breaks out	542

Vigorous measures of the Convention	543

Important decree conferring the power of domiciliary vists on the Revolutionary Committees	544

Decree establishing the Committee of General Defence	545

Laws for disarming the emigrants priests and suspected persons	546

Vehement agitation which succeeded on Dumouriers flight ib 38 Appointment of the Committee of Public Salvation	547

The Girondists are denounced by Robespierre	548

Robespierres speech against the Girondists	549

Vergniauds reply	552

Marat is sent to the Revolutionary Tribunal	554

Vehement agitation to counteract this step	555

Marat is acquitted	556

Numerous condemnations by the Revolutionary Tribunal	557

Increasing difficulties of finding subsistence for the people and new demands for a maximum	558

Enormous issue of fresh assignats	559

Proposal of Guadet for a separation of the Convention repelled and Commission of Twelve appointed	560

General insurrection against the Girondists and Convention	562

The Commission of Twelve propose an armed guard for the Convention ib 51 Answer of Marat and the Jacobins	563

Menacing deputations which threaten the Convention	564

Desperate contest in the Convention and liberation of Hébert	565

The decree for which is reversed next day	566

Renewal of the insurrection on May 31st	568

Vast forces organised in the faubourgs	569

The mob surrounds and assails the Convention	571

The Jacobins organise a general insurrection	572

Last dinner of the Girondists together ib 61 Attack on the Convention	573

Vehement debate in the Assembly	574

They move out of the hall but are driven back by the armed multitude	575

The thirty Girondists are given up and imprisoned	576

Termination of the political power of the Girondists	577

Their trial and condemnation	579

Grounds of charge against the Girondists	580

Their last repast	582

Their heroic death	583

Execution of Dufoce and Rabaud StEtienne	584

Imprisonment of Madame Roland	585

Her conduct at her trial	586

Her heroic death	587

Death of M Roland	588

Charlotte Corday Her character	589

She resolves to assassinate Marat and kills him	590

Her trial and condemnation	591

Her execution	593

Funeral honours and apotheosis of Marat	594

Arrest of seventythree members of the Convention	595

Reflections on the overthrow of the Girondists	596

Causes of their failure	597

Analogy of the rule of the Girondists and that of the Legislative Assembly	598

Atrocious character of the faction which overturned the Girondists ib 85 Instant weakness of the Girondists when they strove to coerce the Revolution	600

The early leaders of the Revolution can seldom restrain its last excesses	601

Effect of the heroic death of the Girondists	602

CHAPTER XII	604

Origin of the religious resistance in la Vendée to the Revolution ib 3 Character and aspect of the country	605

its peculiar character	606

The Marais	607

Obstacles which it opposes to an invading army ib 7 Manners of the inhabitants and the landlords	608

Character of the people	609

Strong religious feelings of the people	610

Feelings of the people on the breaking out of the Revolution	611

Discontent excited by the first severities against the priests	612

tion thereby excited	613

The levy of 300000 men occasions an insurrection	614

Fifty thousand men are soon in arms ib 16 Their leaders are appointed	615

Henry de Larochejaquelein	616

First conflicts and great activity in the country ib 19 The peasants mode of fighting	617

General confusion of ranks in the Vendean forces ib 21 Formidable nature of this warfare	618

Their preparations for an expedition	619

Their first onset and enthusiastic valour ib 24 But they cannot be kept to their standards after any success	620

Their total want of baggage and equipments	621

Their mode of giving orders and fighting	622

Their humanity till it was extinguished by the Republicans	623

Frightful early atrocities in Lower Poitou	624

Character of Bonchamp	625

Of Cathelineau	626

Of Henri de Larochejaquelein	627

Of M de Lescure ib 33 Of dElbée	628

Stofflet	629

And Charette ib 36 The forces which they severally commanded	630

Savage orders of the Convention against giving any quarter	631

The Royalists except in one instance never retaliate	632

The Republicans are defeated at Thouars ib 40 Storming of Chataignerie and defeat at Fontenay	633

Bishop of Agra Great effect of an unexpected incident	634

Victory over the Republicans at Fontenay	635

Humanity of the Vendeans to the prisoners	636

Repeated successes of the Royalists ib 45 Their great assault on Saumur	637

Victory of the Royalists	638

Cathelineau created commanderinchief	639

Plan of the Vendean chiefs at this period	640

The Royalists defeated in their attempt on Nantes ib 50 Death of Cathelineau	641

Invasion of the Bocage by Westermann and its defeat ib 52 M dElbée is appointed generalissimo who defeats Birons invasion	642

Defeat of the Royalists at Luçon	643

General invasion of the Bocage on all sides which is defeated ib 55 Arrival of the garrison of Mayence	644

Able design of Bonchamp which is not adopted ib 57 Defeat of the Republicans at Torfou	645

And of Beysser at Montaigu	646

Capture and sack of the palace	647

Vigorous exertions of the government at Paris	648

Continued humanity of the Vendean chiefs	649

Great results of this victory	658

Their desperate situation and ultimate victory	664

Small additional force which would have saved the monarchy	669

Final rout at Savenay	671

Thurreau and the infernal columns	677

Scenes of horror on recovering the bodies from the Loire	683

Vendean war finally commits the Revolution against religion	690

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History of Europe: From the Commencement of the French Revolution ..., Volume 2
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Parole e frasi comuni

10th August accused Allies ambition amidst arms army assassins assignats Austrian Bert Billaud Varennes blood Bouillé Brissot British cause Champ de Mars CHAP character clergy club command commenced Constituent Assembly constitution Convention courage court crimes danger Danton death declared decree defenders democratic Deux Amis Dumourier eloquence emigrants enemies England Europe excited Feuillants force France freedom French French Revolution Girondists Hist hundred influence insurrection Jacobin club Jacobins King Lafayette leaders liberty Louis Louis XVI Madame Madame Roland Marat massacres measures Mém ment military minister Mirabeau Moll monarch Moniteur multitude municipality murdered National Assembly national guard never noble palace Paris Parl party passions period Pétion popular principles prison Prussian Queen rendered Republic republican resistance Rév Revolution revolutionary Robespierre royal family Royalists Sept soon sovereign Swiss Swiss Guard thousand throne tion Toul troops Tuileries Varennes Vergniaud VIII violent whole

Informazioni bibliografiche

Titolo	History of Europe: From the Commencement of the French Revolution to the Restoration of the Bourbons in MDCCCXV [i.e. 1815], Volume 2 History of Europe: From the Commencement of the French Revolution to the Restoration of the Bourbons in MDCCCXV [i.e. 1815], Archibald Alison
Autore	Archibald Alison
Editore	Blackwood, 1849
Provenienza dell'originale	la University of California
Digitalizzato	22 giu 2010

Esporta citazione	BiBTeX EndNote RefMan

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