Page 22. Multa luce. In broad daylight. 23. Luppia. A branch of the Rhine, now the Lippe in Westphalia.-Veledae. Cf. 4, 61, and note, ibid. on more, quo, etc. 225 CH. XXIII.-24. Incessit. Invades, seizes. Cf. 2, 63: ubi formido incessisset. 25. Complet. Furnishes with sailors and soldiers, mans. So in Greek, Anpouv vavs. Cf. Herod. 8, 43.-Quod agebantur. All his galleys with two banks of rowers, and those which were propelled by a single bank. This is referred to as a test passage, as to the meaning of biremes, triremes, etc. Cf. Ernesti and Rup. in loc. 26. Tricenos. men each. Observe the distributive force three hundred 27. Armamenta. The rigging of these boats was similar to that of the Roman liburnæ. But the captured boats were fitted out in a unique manner, sagulis versicoloribus.-Captae lintres, sc. those taken from the Romans. Cf. 22: captivis navibus. Al. aptae lintres. The reading of the whole sentence is doubtful and perplexed. 28. Juvabantur, sc. in cursu. Rup. 29. Velut aequoris, i. e. a sea-like expanse at the mouth of the river Meuse. 32. Gallia for ex Gallia. Cf. Essay, p. 11.-Miraculo . . . metu. More in wonder than in fear, lit. from the wonderfulness, sc. of the fact that Civilis should venture on such an engagement. Cf. 1, 27 : miraculo. 35. His. The latter, sc. Cerialis and his followers.-Illi. The former, sc. the partisans of Civilis. 1. Intactos. Al. intactas.-Nota arte. According to a well-226 known policy, with a view to excite the jealousy of Civilis' followers, as if he must have some understanding with the Roman general. Hannibal pursued the same policy in reference to the estates of Fabius in Italy. Liv. 22, 23.-Flexu autumni. Near the close of autumn, lit. at its turning point. Cf. Cic. pro Cael.: flexu aetatis; Ann. 1, 16: flexo in vesperam die. 5. Differebantur = dirimebantur, were separated, torn asunder. This is the primary meaning of differo. See Freund, sub voce. Cf. also Hor. Epod. 5, 99: insepulta membra different lupi. Al. deferebantur. That the legions might CH. XXIV.-6. Potuisse.... Civilis. at this time have been destroyed, and that the Germans wished it done, but were diverted from the purpose by a fraudulent device of his own, Civilis claimed should be set down to his credit. Cf. note, 1, 71: ultro imputavit. 7. Neque abhorret vero. Nor is this irreconcilable with the truth. Observe the omission of a before vero. See the more common construction in 2, 2: neque abhorrebat a Berenice. But in Ann. 1, 54, we have abhorrebat studiis without a Poetical, Z. 468. Page 226 10. Veniam. Properly access (venio, cf. Freund, sub voce), favor, here pardon.-Veledam propinquosque. Veleda (cf. note, 22), and her connections, who served as internuntii numinis. Cf. 4, 65: delectus e propinquis. 12. Caesos Treveros. Cf. 4, 71. 72.-Receptos Ubios. The Ubii had been received back, i. e. had submitted and returned to their former friendly relation to the Romans. 14. Exsulem...et extorrem. An exile and an outcast. These words have a similar etymology (extorris from ex-terra, exsul from ex-solum) and do not differ essentially in meaning. They are used together by T. for emphasis, and with his usual fondness for pairs of kindred words. Exsul denotes more frequently a legal banishment; extorris a forcible expulsion. 17. Inde. On their side. Hinc. On his side, sc. that of Cerialis. Observe the pairs of substantives in these two clauses. The sense may be expressed by hendiadys thus: the guilt of injustice . . . the revenge of the gods; though the connection in which they are placed by the author, is more lively and energetic. CH. XXV.-21. Quid profectum. Al. perfectum. Cf. A. 17: nihil profici; A. 14: parum profici, etc. 24. Armis for ad arma. So T. often; earlier writers seldom. Cf. Essay, pp. 12. 13. 26. Non tributa .... indici. nuntur, etc.-Virtutem et viros. 24, at the close. Cf. G. 29: nec tributis contem- 29. Germanorum feminas. Such as Veleda, who were virtually their sovereigns, though not formally; for a female sovereign was for the most part deemed a disgrace by the Germans. Cf. G. 8 and 45. 30. Atrociora. Al. atrociore with rabie in the next clause. But then the comparative has no force. 227 CH. XXVI.-1. Nabaliae. This name occurs nowhere else, and it seems impossible to determine what river is meant. Brotier refers it to the channel made by Drusus from the Rhine to the Yssel, Walckenaer to the Yssel itself, etc. Cf. Ann. 2, 8.—Abrupta. Extremities, where the bridge was broken off. 2. Defenderer. Notice the middle sense. 3. Debebatur. Imp. ind. for imp. subj. Cf. Gr. 259, R. 4; Z. 519, b. 4. Inimica, hostilia. Inimicus, qui nos odit, hostilis qui oppugnat. Facciolati and Forcellini's Lexicon. 7. Actus incitatus. Al. accitus. The concluding sentence is incomplete. The much vaunted Gallic empire soon came to an end. The subsequent fortunes of Civilis are not known. But from the offers made him (cf. chap. 24), it is inferred that he received a full pardon. INDEX OF PERSONS AND PLACES. A. Actium, B. 1, chap. 1, note. Adria, 3, 42, note. Adrumetum, 4, 50, note. Aedui, 1, 51, note. 64; 2, 61; 4, 17. 57. Antonius Naso, 1, 20. Antonius Novellus, 1, 87; 2, 12. Aegyptus, 1, 11; 3, 8. 48, and notes, Antonius Primus, 2, 86; 3, 2, seqq, 4, 2. 4. 11. 80. Aemilius Longinus, 4, 59. 62. Antonius Taurus, 1, 20. Aemilius Pacensis, 1, 20. 87, note; 2, Apennini juga, 3, 42. 50. 52. 55. Apinius Tiro, 3, 57. 76. Aponius Saturninus, 1, 79; 2, 85. 96; Africa, 1, 11. 73, note; 3, 48, note. Agrippinensis, 1, 56, note; 4, 20. 25. 12; 3, 73. Aenus, 3, 5, note. Aesculapius, 4, 84. 5, 1. Agrippa, M.Vipsanius, son-in-law of Augustus, 1, 15. Antipolis, 2, 15, note. 28.79. Albigaunum, 2, 15, note. Albium Intemelium, 2, 13, note. 84. Alfenus Varus, 2, 29. 43; 3, 36. 55. 61; | Aricia, 4, 2, note. 4, 11, note. Allia, 2, 91, note. Allieni Forum, 3, 6, note. Aricinum nemus, 3, 36, note. Allobroges, 1, 66. Alpes, 1, 61, note; Maritimae, 2, 12, Arrius Varus, 3, 16. 52. 61; 4, 4. 39. 68. Arruntius, L. 2, 65. note. Alpinus Montanus, 3, 35; 4, 31; 5, 19. Arsaces, 5, 8, note. Altinum, 3, 6, note. Arsacidae, 1, 40, note. Annius Bassus, 3, 50. Annius Faustus, 2, 10. Annius Gallus, 1, 87; 2, 23. 33. 44; 4, Asphaltites, 5, 6, note. 68; 5, 19. Antiochia, 2, 78, note. 80. Asprenas, L. 2, 9. Ateste, 3, 6, note. note; 5, 1. 5, 8. Atticus, Quinctius, 2, 73. 74. 75. |Caractacus, 3, 45, note. Augustodunum, 1, 51, note. Augustus, 1, 11. 15, note; 3, 66; 5, 9, Cartismandua, 3, 45, note. note. |Caspiarum claustra, 1, 6, note. Celer, P. 4, 10, note. 40. Aventicum, 1, 68, note. Augusta Taurinorum, 2, 66, note. B. Baetica, 1, 53. 78, note. Barea Soranus, 4, 7. 10, notes. Bargioras, 5, 12, note. Basilides, 2, 78; 4, 82. 68, seqq.; 5, 14, seqq. Batavi, 1, 59; 4, 12, note. 17. 21. 73; Chauci, 4, 79; 5, 19. Cimbri, 4, 73. Cingonius Varro, 1, 6, note. 37. Batavodurum, 5, 19. 20, note. Bebius Massa, 4, 50, note. Bedriacum, 2, 23, note. 39. 44. 49; 3, Cinna, 3, 51. 83. 15. 20. 27. 31. Belgae, 4, 37. 76. Belgica, 1, 12, note. Belus, 5, 7, note. Berenice, 2, 2, note. 81. Berytus, 2, 81, note. Bocchoris, 5, 3. Boii, 2, 61. Bonna, 4, 19, note. 70. 77; 5, 22. Bovillae, 2, 46; 4, 2, note. Brinno, 4, 15, note. Britannia, 1, 2. 9. Brixellum, 2, 33, note. 51. 54. Brixiana porta, 3, 27. Bructeri, 4, 21. 77; 5, 18. Byzantium, 2, 83; 3, 47. Cluvius Rufus, 1, 8, note. 76; 2, 58. Cohibus, 3, 48, note. Corbulo, 2, 76, note; 3, 6, note. C. Cornelius, P. 3, 34. Cadius Rufus, 1, 77. Cornelius Aquinus, 1, 7. Caecina, Alienus, 1, 52. 53. 61. 67; 2, Cornelius Fuscus, 2, 86; 3, 4. 12. 42. 20. 30. 56. 99; 3, 8. 13; 4, 31. Caecina, Tuscus, 3, 38. Caesares, C. and L. 1, 15, note. Caesarea, 2, 79, note. Calabria, 2, 83. Cinyras, 2, 3, note. Civilis, Claudius Julius, 4, 13, seqq. Calpurnius Galerianus, 4, 11, note. Caninius Rebilus, 3, 87. 60. seqq.; 5, 14, seqq. Classicus, 2, 14; 4, 57. 59. 79; 5, 19. C. Caesar Caligula, 3, 68, note; 4, Corsica, 2, 16. 15; 5, 9, note. Canninefates, 4, 15 19. 66; 4, 4. Cornelius Laco, 1, 6. 13. 19. 46. Crassus Scribonianus, 4, 39. 42, note. Crassus, brother of Piso, 1, 48; 4, 42, note. Cremera, 2, 91, note. Cremona, 2, 17, note. 22. 23; 3, 27. Creta, 5, 2, note. Crispina, 1, 47. Crispinilla, Galvia, 1, 73, note.) Fundani lacus, 3, 69. Fuscus, vid. Cornelius. Curtius lacus, 1, 41; 2, 55. Curtius Montanus, 4, 40. 42. Cythnus, 2, 8, note. D. Daci, 1, 2, note; 3, 46; 4, 54. Dolabella, Cornelius, 1, 88, note; 2, 63. Domitius Sabinus, 1, 31. Donatius Valens, 1, 56. 59. Druidae, 4, 54, note. Galatia, 2, 9. G. Galba, Ser. consul, 1, 1, note. 11; Drusilla, grand-daughter of Antony Galeria, 2, 60. 64. and Cleopatra, 5, 9. Drusus, stepson of Augustus, 5, 19. E. Eleazar, leader of the Jews, 5, 12. Eleusis, 4, 83, note. Emeritenses, 1, 78, note. Epiphanes rex, 2, 25, note. Epponina, 4, 70. Eprius Marcellus, 2, 53. 95; 4, 6-8. F. Fabius Valens, 1, 7. 52. 57, seqq.; 2, Fanum Fortunae, 3, 50, note. Faustus Annius, 2, 10. Felix, vid. Antonius. Ferentium, 2, 50, note. Flavianus, Titus Ampius, 2, 86; 3, 4. Florus, Gessius, 5, 10, note. Fonteius Capito, 1, 7, note. 37. 52; 3, Forojuliensis, 2, 14, note; 3, 43. Galerius, 1, 90, note; 2, 60, note. Germania, Inferior, 1, 9, note; Supe- rior, 1, 9, note. 12. 53. Geta, 2, 72, note. Grinnes, 5, 20. 21. Griphus, Plotius, 3, 52; 4, 39. H. Hadria, vid. Adria and Atria. Hammon, 5, 3, note. 4, note. Helvidius Priscus, 2, 91; 4, 4–6. 43. Herculaneum and Pompeii destroyed, Herculis Monoeci portus, 3, 42, note. Herodes, king of the Jews, 5, 9, note. 11. |