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U. C. 542. tium cæsa, auctor est Claudius, qui annales Acilianos ex A. C. 212. Græco in Latinum sermonem vertit: captos ad mille

40.

octingentos triginta: prædam ingentem partam in ea
fuisse clipeum argenteum pondo centum triginta octo, cum
imagine Barcini Hasdrubalis. Valerius Antias una castra
Magonis capta tradit, septem millia cæsa hostium : altero
prælio, eruptione pugnatum cum Hasdrubale: decem millia
occisa, quattuor millia trecentos triginta captos.
Piso quin-
que millia hominum, quum Mago cedentes nostros effuse
sequeretur, cæsa ex insidiis scribit. Apud omnes magnum
nomen Marcii ducis est. Et veræ gloriæ ejus etiam mira-
cula addunt: flammam ei concionanti fusam e capite,
sine ipsius sensu, cum magno pavore circumstantium mili-
tum: monumentumque victoriæ ejus de Pœnis, usque ad
incensum Capitolium', fuisse in templo clipeum, Marcium
appellatum, cum imagine Hasdrubalis. Quietæ deinde
aliquamdiu in Hispania res fuere, utrisque, post tantas ac-
ceptas in vicem illatasque clades, cunctantibus periculum
summæ rerum facere.

Dum hæc in Hispania geruntur, Marcellus captis Syracusis, quum cetera in Sicilia tanta fide atque integritate composuisset, ut non modo suam gloriam, sed etiam majestatem populi Romani, augeret; ornamenta urbs, signa, tabulasque, quibus abundabant Syracuse, Romam devexit. Hostium quidem illa spolia2, et parta belli jure: ceterum

9 Claudius-annales Acilianos.] This was either Clodius Licinius, (mentioned again 1. xxix. 22.) or Claudius Quadrigarius (1. xxxv. 14.) The author of the annals mentioned here, is the same Acilius who, according to Plutarch, acted as interpreter between the Greek ambassadors and the Senate, in the Macedonian war; A.U.C. 597.

1 Ad incensum Capitolium.] In the first civil war, Scipione et Norbano coss. A. U. C. 699. Pliny mentions this shield, (1. xxxv. 3.) and describes it as being of gold.

2 Hostium quidem illa spolia &c.] "These were, it is true, spoils of an enemy, and won by right of conquest; but from this circumstance resulted the origin of admiration for works of art, and of the existing licence to rifle indiscriminately all consecrated," &c. This act of desecration-the more gratuitous, as the Romans had, neither then nor at

any subsequent time, any true feeling for art-was imitated afterwards by Memmius, who removed the pictures of Apelles and the statues of Pheidias from Corinth; and, still more recently, by the republican armies of France, who brought away from the places, in which alone they were hallowed by memories and associations, such of the artistic treasures of the Italian cities as they did not destroy. The taste of Memmius for works of art may be measured by the facts, that, when he observed the king of Pergamus offering a hundred talents for a picture, he could account for it only on the supposition that the tablet must have some magical virtue; and that, when shipping it for Rome, he warned the commander of the vessel, that if he suffered it to be injured, he should paint such another.

inde primum initium mirandi Græcarum artium opera, U. C. 542. licentiæque huic sacra profanaque omnia vulgo spoliandi A. C. 212. factum est: quæ postremo in Romanos deos, templum id ipsum primum, quod a Marcello eximie ornatum est, vertit. Visebantur enim ab externis ad portam Capenam dedicata a Marcello templa, propter excellentia ejus generis ornamenta, quorum perexigua pars comparet. Legationes omnium ferme civitatium Siciliæ ad eum conveniebant. Dispar ut causa earum, ita conditio1 erat. Qui ante captas Syracusas aut non desciverant, aut redierant in amicitiam, ut socii fideles accepti cultique: quos metus post captas Syracusas dediderat, ut victi a victore leges acceperunt.

Erant tamen haud parvæ reliquiæ belli circa Agrigentum Romanis: Epicydes et Hanno duces reliqui prioris belli, et tertius novus ab Hannibale in locum Hippocratis missus, Libyphonicum generis Hipponiates, (Mutinem populares vocabant) vir impiger, et sub Hannibale magistro omnes belli artes edoctus. Huic ab Epicyde et Hannone Numidæ dati auxiliares: cum quibus ita pervagatus est hostium agros, ita socios ad retinendos in fide animos eorum, ferendoque in tempore cuique auxilium, adiit, ut brevi tempore totam Siciliam impleret nominis sui, nec spes alia major apud faventes rebus Carthaginiensium esset. Itaque inclusi ad tempus moenibus Agrigenti dux Poenus Syracusanusque, non consilio Mutinis, quam fiducia, magis ausi egredi extra muros, ad Himeram amnem posuerunt castra. Quod ubi perlatum ad Marcellum est, extemplo copias movit; et ab hoste quattuor ferme millium intervallo consedit, quid agerent pararentve exspectaturus. Sed nullum neque locum, neque tempus cunctationi consiliove dedit Mutines, transgressus amnem, ac stationibus hostium cum ingenti terrore ac tumultu invectus. Postero die prope justo prælio compulit hostem intra munimenta. Inde revocatus seditione Numidarum in castris facta, quum trecenti ferme eorum Heracleam Minoam concessissent, ad mitigandos revocandosque eos profectus, magnopere monuisse duces dicitur, ne absente se cum hoste manus sererent. Id ambo ægre passi duces, magis Hanno, jam ante anxius gloria ejus: Mutinem sibi modum facere",

3 Quorum perexigua pars comparet.] "Of which but a very small portion is extant." They were plundered and destroyed in the civil wars.

con

of Hippo." There were two towns
of this name; Diarrhytus, near
Utica; and Regius, in Numidia,
the residence of the native kings."
6 Inclusi ad tempus.]
had, until then, shut themselves
up," &c.

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4 Dispar ut causa―ita conditio.] "As their cases (relations) were different, so were their claims." Sibi modum facere.] 5 Hipponiates.] lit. "A native laying a restraint upon him.”

"Who

"Was

U. C. 542.
A. C. 212.

41.

degenerem Afrum imperatori Carthaginiensi, misso ab senatu populoque.' Is perpulit cunctantem Epicydem, ut, transgressi flumen, in aciem exirent. Nam si Mutinem opperirentur et secunda pugnæ fortuna evenisset, haud dubie Mutinis gloriam fore. Enimvero indignum ratus Marcellus se, qui Hannibalem subnisum victoria Cannensi9 ab Nola repulisset, his terra marique victis ab se hostibus cedere, arma propere capere milites, et efferri signa jubet. Instruenti exercitum decem effusis equis advolant ex hostium acie Numidæ, nuntiantes, populares suos, primum1 ea seditione motos, qua trecenti ex numero suo concesserint Heracleam, dein quod præfectum suum ab obtrectantibus ducibus gloriæ ejus, sub ipsam certaminis diem, ablegatum videant, quieturos in pugna. Gens fallax promissi fidem2 præstitit. Itaque et Romanis crevit animus, nuntio celeri per ordines misso, destitutum ab equite hostem esse, quem maxime timuerant: et territi hostes, præterquam quod maxima parte virium suarum non juvabantur, timore etiam incusso, ne ab suo et ipsi equite oppugnarentur. Itaque haud magni certaminis fuit: primus clamor atque impetus rem decrevit. Numidæ, quum in concursu quieti stetissent in cornibus, ut terga dantes suos viderunt, fugæ tantum parumper comites facti, postquam omnes Agrigentum trepido agmine petentes viderunt, ipsi metu obsidionis passim in civitates proximas dilapsi. Multa millia hominum cæsa captaque, et octo elephanti. Hæc ultima in Sicilia Marcelli pugna fuit: victor inde Syracusas rediit.

Jam ferme in exitu annus erat. Itaque senatus Romæ decrevit, ut P. Cornelius prætor literas Capuam ad consules mitteret; dum Hannibal procul abesset, nec ulla magni discriminis res ad Capuam gereretur, alter eorum, si ita videretur, ad magistratus subrogandos Romam veniret. Literis acceptis, inter se consules compararunt, ut Claudius comitia perficeret, Fulvius ad Capuam maneret. Consules Claudius creavit Cn. Fulvium Centumalum et P. Sulpicium Servii filium Galbam, qui nullum antea curulem magistratum gessisset. Prætores deinde creati, L. Cornelius Len

8 Degenerem Afrum.] "A mongrel African." Mutines was a half caste, and therefore excluded from civil honours and offices at home. He was afterwards made a Roman citizen, on the reduction of the island, (1. xxvii. 5.)

9 Subnisum victoria Cannensi.] "Backed by his success at Cannæ." 1 Populares suos, primum &c.] "That their countrymen, influenced,

in the first place, by that mutiny in which three hundred of their number had retired to Heraclea; and secondly, by seeing their own commander sent out of the way by the traducers of," &c.

2 Gens fallax promissi fidem &c.] "A (habitually) treacherous people made good (on this occasion) the sincerity of their engagements.

A. C. 212.

tulus, M. Cornelius Cethegus, C. Sulpicius, C. Calpurnius U. C. 542. Piso. Pisoni jurisdictio urbana3, Sulpicio Sicilia*, Čethego Apulia, Lentulo Sardinia evenit. Consulibus prorogatum in annum imperium est.

"The

3 Jurisdictio urbana.] home department." It appears that he had also the peregrina.

4 Sulpicio Sicilia.] i. e. the vetus provincia, originally surrendered by

the Carthaginians.

5 Cethego Apulia.] He appears to have exchanged afterwards, and to have succeeded Marcellus in Sicily.

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