Alternatives to Laboratory Animals: ATLA.

3T3 cells mouse 3T3-L1 cells mouse alternative methods analysis animal tests assay ATLA biological CALIFORN capsaicin cell cultures cell line cells human PROT cells mouse NRU cells mouse PROT Centre chemicals clone CN 48 h CN 72 h compounds cytotoxicity cytotoxicity tests dose dose-response Draize drug ECVAM endpoints Environmental epithelial Equation evaluation exposure fibroblasts fish cell geometrical means geometrical means calculated hepatocytes human CN 72 i.v. mouse IC50 values estimated Journal KB cells laboratory animals LD50 values material as substratum mean IC50 values MEIC metabolism Michael Balls morphometric changes mouse PROT 72 mutagenicity NRU 24 h OECD oral mouse oral rat prediction interval procedures PROT 72 h QSAR rainbow trout rat CN regression risk assessment ROC curve sample sensory single IC50 values specific statistical T385 estimated TBE plus morphometric tion toxicity toxicity testing Toxicology in Vitro validation study vitro tests vivo xenobiotics