venisti, ut hujus urbis jura et exempla corrumperes, domesticâque tuâ inhumanitate nostrae civitatis humanitatem inquinares? At quàm acutè collecta crimina? Blesamius, inquit, (ejus enim nomine, optimi hominis, nec tibi ignoti, maledicebat tibi) ad regem scribere solebat, te invidiosè tyrannum existimari: statuå inter reges positâ, animos hominum vehementèr offensos plaudi tibi non solere. Non-ne intelligis, Caesar, ex urbanis malevolorum sermunculis haec ab istis esse collecta? Blesamius tyrannum Caesarem scriberet? Multorum enim civium capita viderat : multos jussu Caesaris vexatos, verberatos, necatos: multas afflictas et eversas domos: armatis militibus refertum forum: quae semper in civili victoriâ sensimus, *ea, te victore, non vidimus : solus, inquam, es, C. Caesar, cujus in victoriâ ceciderit nemo, nisi armatus : et quem nos liberi in summâ reipublicae libertate nati, non modò non tyrannum, sed etiam clementissimum in victoriâ videmus ducem; is Blesamio, qui vivit in regno, tyrannus videri potest? Nam de statuâ quis queritur, unâ praesertim, cum tam multas videat? Valdè enim invidendum est ejus statnae, cujus trophaeis non invidemus. Nam si locus adfert invidiam, nullus locus est, ad statuam quidem rostris clarior. De plausu autem quid respondeam? qui nec desideratus unquam a te est, et nonnunquam, obstupefactis hominibus, ipsâ admiratione compressus est: et fortasse eò praetermissus, quia nihil vulgare te dignum videri potest.

3. Blesamius---The friend and agent in Rome of Deiotarus.

4. Ea, te victore, non vidimus---No more need be said concerning Cicero's flattery to Caesar.

XIII. Nihil a me arbitror praetermissum, sed aliquid ad extremam causae partem reservatum. Id autem aliquid est, te ut planè Deiotaro reconciliet oratio mea. Non enim jam metuo, ne tu illi succenseas: illud vereor, ne tibi illum succensere aliquid suspicere: quod abest longissimè, mihi crede, Caesar. Quid enim retineat per te, meminit, non quid amiserit: neque se a te multatum arbitratur: sed, cum existimaret multis tibi multa esse tribuenda, quò minùs a se, qui in alterâ parte fuisset, ea sumėres, non recusavit. Etenim, si Antiochus magnus. ille rex Asiae, cum, posteaquam a Scipione devictus, Tauro tenus regnare jussus esset, omnemque hanc Asiam, quae est nunc nostra provincia, amisisset, dicere est solitus, benignè sibi a populo Romano esse factum, quòd nimìs magnâ procuratione liberatus, modicis regni terminis uteretur; potest multò faciliùs se Deiotarus consolari. Ille enim furoris multum sustinuerat, hic erroris. Omnia tu Deiotaro,, Caesar, tribuisti, cum et ipsi et filio nomen regium concessisti. Hoc nomine retento atque conservato, nullum beneficium populi Rom. nullum judicium de se Senatûs imminutum putat: magno animo et erecto est, nec unquam succumbet inimicis, ne fortunae quidem. Multa se arbitratur et peperisse antea factis, et habere in animo atque virtute; quae nullo modo possit amittere. Quae enim fortuna, aut quis

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5. Multis tibi multa esse tribuenda---Caesar, like all other heads of parties victorious in revolutions, was obliged to distribute offices among his clamorous partisans. He made 14 Praetors, and 40 Quaestors; he increased the Snate to 900, and created a great number of additional officers in other posts.

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tus est ad te missus; tum regum amicissimi, tum tibi etiam, ut spero, probati. Exquire de Blesamio, nunquid ad regem contra dignitatem tuam scripserit. Hieras quidem causam omnem suscipit, et criminibus illis pro rege se supponit reum : memoriam tuam implorat, quâ vales plurimùm: negat unquam se a te in Deiotari tetrarchiâ pedem discessisse in primis finibus tibi se praesto fuisse dicit, usque ad ultimos prosecutum: cum a balneo exîsses, tecum se fuisse : cum illa munera inspexisses coenatus: cum in cubiculo recubuisses: eandemque assiduitatem tibi se praebuisse postridie. Quamobrem, si quid eorum, quae objecta sunt, cogitatum sit: non recusat, quin id facinus suum judices. Quocirca, C. Caesar, velim existimes, hodierno die sententiam tuam, aut cum summo dedecore miserrimam pestem importaturam esse regibus, aut incolumem famam cum salute: quorum alterum optare, illorum crudelitatis est; alterum conservare, clementiae tuae.1

1. In defence of king Deiotarus Brutus also spoke. Caesar was pleased with the tribute of adulation, which Cicero, as usual, paid him, but was astonished at the boldness of Brutus. Brutus delivered the sentiments of a republican. Brutus had been the friend of Caesar; but when Caesar heard the freedom of his address, he began to suspect, that Brutus would not with ease submit to his usurpation. The catastrophe. of Caesar's life is well known. Cicero and Brutus however on this occasion succeeded. Deiotarus was pardoned.

INTRODUCTION.

THIS elegant oration was delivered in the 692nd year of Rome, two years after the Consulship of Cicero, and one year after the entire defeat of Catiline and his accomplices. In early life Cicero had been placed under the tuition of Aulus Licinius Archias, a native of Antioch, and a man patronised by men of the greatest eminence in Rome for his learning, genius, and politeness. His fame and celeb. rity were so great, that Lucullus invited him to reside in his family, and gave him the privilege of opening a school in it, to which many of the young Roman nobility were sent to be educated. The prosperity of this popular poet and instructer, however, was interrupted by the malignity of an obscure person, of the name of Gracchus, or by the subornation of those, who persuaded him to acts of enmity against Archias. Sylvanus and Carbo had passed a law, which enacted, that those should be esteemed Roman citizens, who were admitted to the freedom of any of the confederated cities, who, at the time of the passing of the law, had a dwelling in Italy, and who claimed their privilege before the Praetor within sixty days. Upon this law, in the Consulship of M. P. Piso and M. V. Messala, Gracchus accused Archias; he said, that Archias lived in the city as a citizen, while he was not entitled to the rights of citizenship. He denied, that Archias was admitted to the freedom of any of the confederated cities, that he had an abode in Italy at the time the law passed, and that he had claimed the privileges of a citizen before the Praetor. In this oration, which was delivered before the Praetor, Cicero defends Archias, his friend and former instructer; he refutes the allegations of Gracchus,and proves that Archias was admitted to the freedom of Heraclea and other cities, that he dwelt in Italy at the time of the passing of the law, and that he claimed his privileges before the Praetor. The orator, however, does not confine himself to the defence of Archias, but with great beauty and elegance de scants upon the praises of poetry in general, and upon the talents and merit of the defendant. According to Dr. Middleton, Cicero expected for his pains an immortality of fame from the praises of Archias' muse; but, by a contrary fate of things, instead of deriving any addition of glory from Archias' compositions, it is wholly owing to his own, that the name of Archias has not long ago been buried in oblivion. From the great character given by him of the genius and character of this poet, we cannot help regretting the entire loss of his works; he had sung in Greek verse the triumphs of Marius over the Cimbri, and of Lucullus over Mithridates, and was now attempting the Consulship of Cicero; but this perished with the rest, or rather was left unfinished and interrupted by his death, since we find no further mention of it in Cicero's later writings. At the time of delivering this oration, Cicero was in the forty-sixth year of his age.

SI quid est in me ingenii, Judices, quod sentio quàm sit exiguum; aut si qua exercitatio dicendi, in quâ me non inficior mediocritèr esse versatum; aut si hujusce rei ratio aliqua, optimarum artium studiis et disciplinâ profecta, 1a quâ ego nullum confiteor aetatis meae tempus abhorruisse : 2earum rerum omnium vel in primis hic A. Licinius fructum a me repetere propè suo jure debet. Nam quoad longissimè potest mens mea respicere spatium praeteriti temporis, et pueritiae memoriam recordari ultimam, inde usque repetens, hunc video mihi principem et ad suscipiendam et ad ingrediendam rationem horum studiorum extitisse. Quòd si haec vox hujus hortatu praeceptisque conformata nonnullis aliquando saluti fuit; a quo id accepimus, quo caeteris opitulari etalios servare possemus, huic profectò ipsi, quantum est situm in nobis, et opem et salutem ferre debemus. Ac ne quis a nobis hoc ita dici fortè miretur, quòd alia quaedam in hoc facultas sit ingenii, neque haec dicendi ratio aut disciplina : *ne nos quidem huic cuncti studio penitùs unquam

1. A quá nullum aetatis meae tempus abhorruisse-Cicero devoted his leisure hours to the studies of philosophy and the belles lettres. In early life he cultivated his poetical talents and composed a poem in tetrameter verse, entitled PONTIUS GLAUCUS, which was extant at the time Plutarch composed his biography.

2. Earum rerum fructum suo jure-As Archias had improved his mind, Cicero thought that he was entitled to the benefit of his instructions.

3. Memoriam ultimam-Archias came to Rome, when Cicero was but five years of age, and became Cicero's instructer, while he was yet very young.

4. Ne nos.......cuncti-Some editions insert uni, others curae et, in the place of cuncti; but most editions have admitted cuncti A literal translation of the sentence is-And let no one be surprised,