pulsus; palam jam cum hoste, nullo impediente, bellum justum geremus. Sine dubio perdidimus hominem magnificèque vicimus, cùm illum ex occultis insidiis in apertum latrocinium conjecimus. Quòd verò non cruentum mucronem, ut voluit, extulit, quòd vivis nobis egressus est, quòd ei ferrum de manibus extorsimus, quòd incolumes cives, quòd stantem urbem reliquit, quanto tandem illum moerore afflictum esse et profligatum putatis? Jacet ille nunc, prostratusque est, Quirites, et se perculsum, atque abjectum esse sentit; et retorquet oculos profectò saepe ad hanc urbem, quam ex suis faucibus ereptam esse luget: quae quidem laetari mihi videtur, quòd tantam pestem evomuerit, foràsque projecerit.

II. At si quis est talis, quales esse omnes oportebat, qui hoc in ipso, in quo exultat et triumphat oratio mea, me vehementer accuset, quòd tam capi talem hostem non comprehenderim potiùs, quàm emiserim: non est ista mea culpa, Quirites, sed temporum. Interemptum esse L. Catilinam, et gravissimo supplicio affectum jampridem oportebat: idque a me et mos Majorum, et hujus imperii severitas,

5. Vivis nobis-Catiline had said in the house of Lecca, that he would not go to the army, till he had killed Cicero.

6. Quales esse omnes oportebat-All good men thought that Catiline ought to be put to death.

7. Exultat et triumphat-Although it was a general opinion, that Catiline ought to be capitally punished, yet Cicero had great reason to boast of his prudence in driving him from the city, as it was the most effectual means of suppressing his conspiracy.

8. Hujus imperii severitas-Such was the constitution of the Roman republick, that, when tumults and insurrections were raised by the intrigues of popular leaders, who disregarded the established laws and the liberties of the commonwealth, the policy of govern

C2

et respub. postulabat.

Sed quàm multos fuisse

9

putatis, qui, quae ego deferrem, non crederent? quàm multos, qui propter stultitiam non putarent? quàm multos, qui etiam defenderent? quàm multos, qui propter improbitatem faverent? Ac si, sublato illo, depelli a vobis omne periculum judicarem, jampridem ego L. Catilinam non modò invidiae meae, verùm etiam vitae periculo sustulissem; sed cùm viderem, 1ne vobis quidem omnibus re etiam tum probatâ, si illum, ut erat meritus, morte multâssem, fore, ut ejus socios invidiâ oppressus persequi non possem; rem huc deduxi, ut tum palàm pugnare possetis, cùm hostem apertè videretis. Quem quidem ego hostem, Quirites, quàm vehementer forìs esse timendum putem, licet hinc intelligatis, quòd illud etiam molestè fero, quòd ex urbe 2parùm comitatus exierit. Utinam ille omnes secum suas copias eduxisset. Tongillum mihi eduxit, quem amare in

ment required the creation of a despotick Dictator, or the investment of the Consuls with absolute power, in order that the republick might be preserved from harmn.

9. Non crederent-Many would not believe what Cicero had published in the Senate, because they thought Cicero an enemy to Catiline from some private cause, and because they did not think the dangers imminent which he described. Many also pretended not to believe, who secretly favoured the designs of Catiline.

1. Ne vobis quidem-The meaning of this passage is-If I had put Catiline to death before you were convinced of his criminality, I should have been thought so great a tyrant, that I should have met with much opposition in my endeavours to suppress the other conspirators.

2. Parum comitatus-It is said, Catiline carried but three hundred partisans with him to the camp of Manlius.

3. Mihi-This word in this sentence conveys no meaning: it is used for the sake of euphony.-Tongillus, Publicius, and Munatius, men of abandoned characters, went with Catiline to Manlius' camp : conspirators of noble birth remained in the city.

*praetextâ coeperat, Publicium et Munatium, quorum aes alienum contractum in popinâ nullum reip. motum afferre poterat. Reliquit quos viros? quanto alieno aere? quàm valentes? quàm nobiles?

III. Itaque ego illum exercitum, et Gallicanis legionibus, et hoc delectu, quem in agro Piceno et Gallico Q. Metellus habuit, et his copiis quae a nobis quotidie comparantur, magnoperè contemno, collectum ex senibus desperatis, ex agresti luxuriâ, ex rusticis mendiculis, ex decoctoribus, ex iis, qui vadimonia deserere,quàm illum exercitum, maluerunt: quibus ego non modò si aciem exercitûs nostri, verùm etiam si edictum Praetoris ostendero, concident. Hos, quos video volitare in foro, quos stare ad curiam, quos etiam in Senatum venire; qui nitent unguentis, qui fulgent purpurâ, mallem secum suos milites eduxisset; qui, si hic permanent, mementote non tam exercitum

4. Praetextâ—The toga praetexta was the gown, which, according to the Roman custom, all young men wore till the age of seventeen, at which time they were admitted into the Forum, and put on the toga virilis. .

5. Quos viros-Cicero a few lines above expresses his regret, that Catiline did not carry with him to the camp of Manlius all his friends; he feared more the conspirators within the city, than those without they were of noble rank; they were immersed in debt; they were ready to commit any crime lowever great.

6. Allum exercitum e army of Catiline, when compared with the Gallick legions, the levies Quintus Metellus had made in the Picene and Gallic ritory, and with the troops which the Consuls daily raised, deserved the contempt of Cicero.

7. Qui vadimonia deserere-In the court of the Praetor in Rome, when the plaintiff had obtained a writ, he offered it to the defendant or dictated it to him, and then required that the defendant should give bail for his appearance in court on a certain day. When the day arrived, if either party were absent without a valid excuse, he lost his cause. If the defendant were absent, he was said deserere vadimonium, and the Praetor put the plaintiff in possession of his effects.

8. Edictum Praetoris-The writs of the Praetor, conveying to the respective plaintiffs the goods and estates of each defendant.

illum esse nobis, quàm hos, qui exercitum deseruerunt, pertimescendos. Atque hoc etiam magis sunt timendi, quòd, quid cogitent, me scire sentiunt, neque tamen permoventur. Video, cui Apulia sit attributa, qui habeat Etruriam, qui agrum Picenum, qui Gallicum, qui sibi has urbanas insidias caedis atque incendiorum depoposcerit: omnia 1superioris noctis consilia ad me perlata esse sentiunt ; patefeci in Senatu hesterno die: Catilina ipse pertimuit, profugit; "hi quid expectant? nae illi vehe. menter errant, si illam meam pristinam lenitatem perpetuam sperant futuram.

IV. Quod expectavi, jam sum assecutus, ut vos omnes factam esse apertè conjurationem contra rempub. videretis nisi verò si quis est, qui Catilinae similes cum Catilinâ sentire non putet. Non est jam lenitati locus, severitatem res ipsa flagitat; unúm etiam nunc concedam : exeant, proficiscantur, ne patiantur desiderio sui Catilinam miserum tabescère : demonstrabo iter: Aureliâ viâ profectus est: si accelerare volunt, ad vesperam consequentur. O fortunatam remp. si quidem hanc sentinam hujus urbis ejecerit uno mehercule Catilinâ exhausto, relevata mihi et recreata resp. videtur. Quid enim mali aut sceleris fingi aut excogitari potest, quod non ille con

9. Apulia Apulia was assigned to Caius Julius, Etruria to Manhus, and the Picene territory to Septimius. Lentulus, Cethegus, Statilius, and Crassus were appointed to burn the city, to murder their enemies, and to put the Senators to death.

1. Superioris noctis-The night, on which the conspirators met at the house of Marcus Lecca.

2. Hi-This word refers to the conspirators who remained in the city.

ceperit? quis totâ Italiâ veneficus, quis 'gladiator, quis latro, quis sicarius, quis parricida, quis testamentorum subjector, quis circumscriptor, quis ganeo, quis nepos, quis adulter, quae mulier infamis, quis corruptor juventutis, quis corruptus, quis perditus inveniri potest, qui se cum Catilinâ non familiarissimè vixisse fateatur ? quae caedes per hosce annos sine illo facta est? quod nefarium stuprum non per illum ? Jam verò quae tanta in ullo unquam homine juventutis illecebra fuit, quanta in illo? qui alios ipse amabat turpissimè, aliorum amori flagitiosissimè serviebat aliis fructum libidinum, aliis mortem parentum, non modò impellendo, verùm etiam adjuvando pollicebatur. Nunc verò quàm subitò non solùm ex urbe, verùm etiam ex agris ingentem numerum perditorum hominum collegerat? nemo, non modò Romae, sed nec ullo in angulo totius Italiae oppressus aere alieno fuit, quem non ad hoc incredibile sceleris foedus adsciverit.

V. Atque ut ejus diversa studia in dissimili ratione perspicere possitis, nemo est in ludo gladiatorio paulo ad facinus audacior, qui se non intimum Catilinae esse fateatur : nemo in scenâ levior et nequi

3. Gladiator-Gladiators were men who fought against each other, and against wild beasts for the amusement of the people. They were cruel and bloody-minded, often employed in assassination. 4. Testamentorum subjector-Forger of wills.

5. Ludo gladiatorio-There were schools in Rome, in which gladiators were kept and maintained by persons called Lanistae, who purchased and trained them. Gladiators were at first composed of captives and slaves, or of condemned malefactors. But afterwards also free born citizens, induced by hire or by inclination, fought on the stage, some even of noble birth.

6. In scena levior-Actors were not so much respected among the Romans as among the Greeks, but were held infamous.