A First Course in Ion Permeable MembranesElectrochemical Consultancy, 1997 - 255 pagine |
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Pagina 61
... Fluorocarbon Polymers For some years , there has been general acceptance that , when swollen by contact with water vapour or aqueous solutions , the fluorocarbon polymers undergo phase separation on a supermolecular scale [ 27-29 ] ...
... Fluorocarbon Polymers For some years , there has been general acceptance that , when swollen by contact with water vapour or aqueous solutions , the fluorocarbon polymers undergo phase separation on a supermolecular scale [ 27-29 ] ...
Pagina 64
... fluorocarbon domains . The angle of reflection is equivalent to a Bragg lattice spacing of≈ 5 nm and this decreases slightly with the water content of the polymer . Extrapolation to dry membranes usually gives a Bragg spacing of≈ 3 nm ...
... fluorocarbon domains . The angle of reflection is equivalent to a Bragg lattice spacing of≈ 5 nm and this decreases slightly with the water content of the polymer . Extrapolation to dry membranes usually gives a Bragg spacing of≈ 3 nm ...
Pagina 65
... fluorocarbon chains , and hence they are not structurally independent . It is be expected that the properties of the aqueous phase and the fluorocarbon phase will be similar to such media met elsewhere . Also the two phases both have ...
... fluorocarbon chains , and hence they are not structurally independent . It is be expected that the properties of the aqueous phase and the fluorocarbon phase will be similar to such media met elsewhere . Also the two phases both have ...
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A First Course in Ion Permeable Membranes Thomas A. Davis,J. David Genders,Derek Pletcher Visualizzazione estratti - 1997 |
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amine anion anion and cation anode anolyte applications aqueous domains aqueous solution back migration bipolar membrane carboxylate polymer cathode catholyte cation exchange membrane cation permeable membrane cell voltage charge Chem chemical chemistry chlor-alkali chlor-alkali industry chloride co-ions commercial membranes concentration conductivity counter ions crosslinking current density current efficiency depleting determined diffusion coefficient dilute divinylbenzene electrical Electrochem electrodialysis stack electrolyte solution Electrosynthesis equation equivalent weight example Figure fixed ionic groups fluorocarbon flux gradient H.L. Yeager H₂ H₂O Hence hydration increase interface ion exchange ion exchange capacity ion permeable membranes Ionomer layer manufacture membrane pairs membrane polymer Membrane Sci membrane surface metal mole molecules monomers NaCl Nafion NaOH Neosepta oxidation perfluorinated membranes perfluorinated polymers perfluorinated sulfonate pretreatment properties proton resistance salt splitting sodium hydroxide sodium sulfate species stability stream structure styrene/divinylbenzene copolymers sulfonate sulfonate polymer sulfuric acid temperature transport number water content