A First Course in Ion Permeable MembranesElectrochemical Consultancy, 1997 - 255 pagine |
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Pagina 121
... gradient in chemical potential . The gradient in chemical potential can arise from differences in concentration or differences in pressure . The diffusion of solvent through the membrane is largely determined by the gradient in osmotic ...
... gradient in chemical potential . The gradient in chemical potential can arise from differences in concentration or differences in pressure . The diffusion of solvent through the membrane is largely determined by the gradient in osmotic ...
Pagina 139
... gradient across the membrane will also lead to transport of water . The self diffusion coefficient of water has been determined by isotopic labelling [ 10,20,86 ] using perfluorinated membranes in several ionic forms . Again , when the ...
... gradient across the membrane will also lead to transport of water . The self diffusion coefficient of water has been determined by isotopic labelling [ 10,20,86 ] using perfluorinated membranes in several ionic forms . Again , when the ...
Pagina 140
... gradient is also relatively straightforward . The water always moves from the cold to hot side . For cation membranes the results are more complex although the water flux remains always proportional to the temperature gradient . With ...
... gradient is also relatively straightforward . The water always moves from the cold to hot side . For cation membranes the results are more complex although the water flux remains always proportional to the temperature gradient . With ...
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A First Course in Ion Permeable Membranes Thomas A. Davis,J. David Genders,Derek Pletcher Visualizzazione estratti - 1997 |
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amine anion anion and cation anode anolyte applications aqueous domains aqueous solution back migration bipolar membrane carboxylate polymer cathode catholyte cation exchange membrane cation permeable membrane cell voltage charge Chem chemical chemistry chlor-alkali chlor-alkali industry chloride co-ions commercial membranes concentration conductivity counter ions crosslinking current density current efficiency depleting determined diffusion coefficient dilute divinylbenzene electrical Electrochem electrodialysis stack electrolyte solution Electrosynthesis equation equivalent weight example Figure fixed ionic groups fluorocarbon flux gradient H.L. Yeager H₂ H₂O Hence hydration increase interface ion exchange ion exchange capacity ion permeable membranes Ionomer layer manufacture membrane pairs membrane polymer Membrane Sci membrane surface metal mole molecules monomers NaCl Nafion NaOH Neosepta oxidation perfluorinated membranes perfluorinated polymers perfluorinated sulfonate pretreatment properties proton resistance salt splitting sodium hydroxide sodium sulfate species stability stream structure styrene/divinylbenzene copolymers sulfonate sulfonate polymer sulfuric acid temperature transport number water content