Isotopes in Biology

amino acids amount animal assay autoradiography bacterial base Biol biological biosynthesis blood C¹¹ carbon atoms carbon dioxide carrier cell CH₂ Chap Chem chemical cholesterol chromosomes CO₂ complete COOH counter counts per minute course curve decay derived disintegration distribution dose electron emitted energy enzymatic enzyme excreted experiment genetic glucosamine glucose glutamic acid glycine half-life hemoglobin histidine hydrogen incubation injected ions isolated isotope dilution isotope effect isotopic atoms isotopic compound ketoglutaric acid Kornberg labeled compound liver m-RNA material metabolic method millimole minute mixture molecular molecule neutrons nonradioactive normal nucleus number of protons organic compounds particles pathway peptides phosphate plasma pool precursor protein synthesis protons pulse purine pyruvate radiation radio radioactive isotopes reactions ribosomes s-RNA sample Sect sequence serum Shemin sodium specific activity stable isotopes strands substance succinic acid T-2 RNA tion tissue tracers tritium tube turnover rate unlabeled urea urocanic acid weight y-radiation