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no mention of other specified purposes as palisades, gates, &c. might in a few days consume a very large stock of such materials, and all that Homer says upon the occasion in reference to either party, is ἕτεροι δὲ μεθ' ύλην. We learn that immediately on the conclusion of the Truce, the Trojans and Grecians commenced their labours. The sun had just risen (H. 421.) the day, and probably part of the night, was spent in consuming the bodies, and having performed this duty, the Grecians returned to their ships. Before it was quite day-light

while light was yet doubtful, Ημος δ' οὔτ ̓ ἄρ πω ἠὼς, ἔτι δ' ἀμφιλύκη vù, a select band of Achæans made a barrow on the plain to contain the ashes of their companions. Near this they erected their wall and towers, sunk a wide foss, and defended it with palisades, and completed their work at sunset, Δύσετο δ' ἠέλιος, τετέλεστο δὲ ἔργον Ἀχαιῶν. We cannot easily admit that this period was more than an entire day, and it may be remarked that the only difficulty of importance connected with this operation, the indifference of the Trojans to its progress, becomes much more inexplicable under Mr. Bryant's hypothesis.

Professor Heyne seems to puzzle himself very unnecessarily on the subject of the wall, to which, indeed, he very unwillingly gives the name assigned it by Homer, reixos. "Besides it," he says, "a rampart is constructed which the poet terms a wall." (Essay 102. 5.) At xvi. 396. 7. (he observes) occurs the remarkable expression μeonyù vŋwv, καὶ ποταμοῦ καὶ τείχεος ὑψηλοῖο, betwixt the ships, the river, and the town. When Patroclus drives the Trojans finally from the camp, he cuts off the retreat of a part of the fugitives to the city, forces them back towards the camp, and falls on them betwixt the station of the ships, the river, and the city. Here it is difficult to form a distinct idea of the topographical situation, unless we understand it thus: first, between the ships and the river, then further on between the river and the town. I would ask what occasion there is for all this

(vii. 491.) and Bryant himself, p. 12. says: "there must have been an ample forest at the Throsmos to have afforded such convenience so soon." I cannot help observing in this place how completely inadequate to all the purposes of nicer enquiry, is the translation of Pope, who is full of original error, and unacknowledged obligation to his predecessors. Wakefield, who does justice to the Poet, has industriously exposed the numerous faults and plagiarisms of the Translator, who becomes less tolerable upon every renewed acquaintance with Homer. The work of Cowper, however liable to the objection of asperity, is a valuable addition to the literature of the country.

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difficulty, or rather why is any mention made of the town or city? Because Prof. Heyne despised the lofty wall or rampart of the Greeks, a proof of the insignificance of which he draws from the fact, that Sarpedon seized with his hand the battlements of the breastwork." The value of this proof must evidently depend upon the meaning of the word eraλs, which may possibly have been extended downwards, and, when itself destroyed, have exposed the wall above, in the manner described by Homer. But would not the same argument apply against the propriety of the adjunct i↓ŋλòs, when connected with the city or town wall itself? Patroclus three times ascended it without difficulty, and, but for the intervention of Apollo, would have entered the town by this road, by this reixeos voto, II. 702. We know in general that the Tupyous of the Grecian wall were lofty, (vnλoùs) and that the wall itself was μéya. (H. 388. 463. M. 257.) But how did it happen that the learned Professor overlooked the Teixeos vnλoto, II. 512. M. 388. which is this very insignificant rampart of the Greeks, and not the wall of Troy? The discovery of this passage would have saved an infinite deal of trouble and anxiety.

We cannot collect from any part of Homer's narrative from which side the rampart extended. We have nothing to lead us to the situa tion of the τύμβος ἄκριτος, nor to the exact relation intended by προτὶ autóv. This want of precision leads of course to an infinite expense of critical labor, and to directly opposite results from those on whose judgments we are most disposed to rely. As the objects themselves are, however, of so little importance as never again to occupy the Poet's attention, there is no reason why we should further examine the sources of a discrepancy which can occasion no practical incorvenience.

[To be continued.]

"The position of the Túμßos äxpires must have been on the left wing, (says Prof. Heyne, Top. of Troy) to which it must have served for a protestion. But as the river Simois ran on the same side, it is not clear what was the position of the Mound in relation to the river, and what was the situation of the left wing, and particularly what was the position of the ships, and of the post of Ajax with respect to both. In the assault of the camp which took place on this wing, no mention is made either of this river or the mound." See also Exc. i. in vii. Heyne agrees with Bryant as to the time occupied in the construction of the rampart, &c. on the ground, however, that it could not have been completed in the time assigned. "Non facile hæc omnia die 23, 24. perpetrata ad unum diem revocari possunt," &c. &c. Exc. i. in xviii. All this cannot be easily settled unless we knew of what number the select band consisted. A few thousand men may effect a great deal in a very short space of time.

344

MOHAMMEDES.

Carmen Præmio dignatum in Coll. Ed. Chr. Oxon.

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1787..

Sed tu qui tandem, quibus aut venisti ab oris,
Quove tenes iter?

QU'A patet in pontum latè porrecta Erytbræum,
Ægyptum Syriamque inter, ditissima tellus,
Sævus Arabs sedes atque effera regna locavit :
Tempore quo primum Ishmaelem duræ ira novercæ
Finibus ejecit patriis, longèque coegit

7

Ignotas terras, alienaque quærere regna...
Jam tum nascentem populum fovisse Jehovah
Creditur haud dubiis signis, et Marte feroces
Inspirasse animos, aptasque ad prælia vires,
Scilicet ut duris utcunque exercita bellis
Aspera gens, spoliis assueta,. et vivere rapto,
Pelleret irrumpentem hostem, ferroque paratum
Assereret sibi reguum, et ductum in sæcula nomen.
Hinc Arabes bello egregii, qui impunè per agros
Effusi vitam non ullâ lege trahebant,

Necdum soliciti rerum cognoscere causas,
Aut spumantis equi luctantia flectere colla,
Aut celeri inter se cursu certare solebant.

Ille adeò donec Nabatheæ gloria gentis

Sensim emollivit populum Mahumeda ferocem,
Atque nova cœpit sub religione tueri.
Ilie sacras ausus Christi subvertere leges,
Ipsius et demens jussus simulare Jehova.
Quo nato, solitas testantur Tigridis undam
Visam indignari ripas, portisque revulsis
Persarum fama est tremuisse palatia regis.
Quem tandem, ut matura virum confecerat ætas,
Intritos perhibent nemorum exquisisse recessus,
Et visus hominum et sociæ commercia vitæ
Aversatum, Haræ longum latuisse latebris.
Sic instaurato Romæ nascentia regua
Jam bellis vexata nimis sub rege Quirino,
Numæ in Aricinos placuit secedere saltus,
Et sæpe Egeriæ præcepta haurire canentis
Surgentis famam imperii, sortesque futuras.
Hinc Mohammedes simulati numine Divi
Afflatus magnos animo meditarier ausus,
Multivagos Arabum assuescit rescindere cultus,
Et primum Meccæ insolitos inducere ritus.
Legibus impositis si quis parere recuset,
Continuo læsi tristes denunciat iras

Numinis, et pœnas Erebi, et loca fœda minatur,
Quà şitis ægra urit, quàque implacabilis æstus,
Et tremulos artus depascit torrida pestis,
Quin contra fidei servatæ præmia ponit,
Otia, et exemtum curis gravioribus ævum.
Defunctos vitâ lautis accumbere mensis,
Et molli amplexu faciles in vota puellas
Excipere, et formæ illecebras errare per omnes
Infixis oculis, et corda explere tuendo:
Mille illis blandi vultuque habituque lepores,
Regia majestas qualis solet esse Dearum,
Et qui luxuriant latè per colla fluentes
Ambrosii crines, æternaque in ore Juventas.
Scilicet his una festas agitare choreas,
Concentusque inter volucrum viridante sub umbra
Carpere perpetuæ varia oblectamina vitæ.
Non alia hospitibus præbebat pocula Circe

Littore in Ausonio hæc simulatâ mente Propheta ;
Nec jam duram adhibet vim, incertave prælia miscet,
Mox verò postquam in partem est data Mecca Medinis,
Ceu leo detentus laqueis et fraude plagarum
Assiduo tandem morsu si vincula rupit
Emissus latè furit, et per ovilia turbaus

Hic illic strages et tristia funera spargit.
Non aliter Mahumeda instructo milite cinctus
Torquet bellum ingens, illum jam infanda furentem
Ut vidêre, retro passim cessere cohortes
Romanæ, turpemque fugâ petiere salutem-
Quem verò Latiæ et Syriæ collecta juventus
Non ausa est contra duris concurrere in armis,
En medios inter mors immatura triumphos
Abstulit, atque interruptos abrupit honores.
Non illi, ut decuit, confosso vulnere honesto
Contigit oppetere, aut certo succumbere morbo,
Fœmineis domito insidiis, et tabe veneni.

His ex principiis, atque hâc ab origine crevit
Religio, quæ mox insana sub`arma coëgit
Extremas hominum semota ad littora gentes.
Quippe suos vates docuit per tela, per ignes,
Victores superesse, aut pulchræ occumbere morti-
Sæpe ergo miles delusus vulnere in ipso,
Aut desiderio nympharum accensus inani,
Quas Mahumeda offert perfunctis munere vitæ,
Exhalantem animum spoliorum pascit amore.

Jam dicam Syriæ victas longo ordine gentes,
Et domitam Ægyptum, et fœdo polluta cruore
Oppida Persarum, quot belli fulmen, Omarus,
Seu quot stravit Ali, haud illos angusta viarum
Vallorumque minæ, aut acies clypeata virorum

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Impediunt; jam Böstra brevi obsidione tenetur,
Jam superata ruit; nec tu, veneranda Damascus,
Centum excelsa licet vastas amplecteris arces,
Barbaricam pellis rabiem, sed diruta latè
Bis gemis innocuos cives sævo impete captos.
Ipsa etiam sacræ nutant juga celsa Sionis
Imbelli dextrâ defensa, et inertibus armis.
Solvitur in luxum nempe atque ignobilis ott
Gaudia, in Eoo memorandus Heraclius orbi,
Qui captos olim traxisse in vincula Persas,
Claraque ab Arsacidis toties retulisse tropæa
Dicitur, et sorte et felicibus inclytus armis.
Sed quid adhuc memorem procerum civilia bella
Fortunasque Arabuni versas, et volventibus annis.
Disjuncta imperia, et surgentem in prælia Turcam?
Quum linquens Scythiæ assiduis juga cana pruinis
Impuni aspersit Graiorum sanguine campos
Byzanti tandem captâ dominatus in urbe.

Atqui olim, ni vana fides, venientibus annis

Tempus erit, quum res Arabum melioribus ibunt
Auspiciis, falsi reteget mendacia vatis

Quum pater Omnipotens, et clarâ in duce patebit.
Non secus ac spissâ dudum sol conditus umbrâ
Aureus exsurgit quando, et caligine pulsâ
Lætius aspersit renovato lumine cœlum.
Tum purgata Arabum meliori incedet amicta
Religio, discetque novo mitescere cultu.

Gens effræna diu densisque immersa tenebris

In lucem exsurget, rigidique insignia Martis
Depulsa, et ritus omnes exuta profanos,

Te, Christe, atque tuas tandem venerabitur aras.

JOHN BURROWS.

ON THE DERIVATION OF

Antea, Antehac, Postea, Posthac, Postilla, Posteaquam, Interea, &c.

In these and similar words the terminating particles, Eo, hac, and illa have been by grammarians and lexicographers uniformly held to be accusatives plural under the government of the preposition with which they are compounded. At first view, indeed, this mode of formation appears perfectly natural, and such as to account not unaptly for the application of these terms, as they are actually employed in the ordi

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