enim demum compar conubium fore. Aegre id Romana 6 pubes passa et haud dubie ad vim spectare res coepit. Cui tempus locumque aptum ut daret Romulus, aegritudinem animi dissimulans, ludos ex industria parat Neptuno Equestri sollemnis; Consualia vocat. Indici 7 deinde finitimis spectaculum iubet, quantoque apparatu tum sciebant aut poterant concelebrant, ut rem claram exspectatamque facerent. Multi mortales convenere, 8 studio etiam videndae novae urbis, maxime proximi quique, Caeninenses, Crustumini, Antemnates iam 9 Sabinorum omnis multitudo cum liberis ac coniugibus venit. Invitati hospitaliter per domos cum situm moeniaque et frequentem tectis urbem vidissent, mirantur tam brevi rem Romanam crevisse. Vbi spectaculi tem- 10 pus venit deditaeque eo mentes cum oculis erant, tum ex composito orta vis signoque dato iuventus Romana ad rapiendas virgines discurrit. quem quaeque inciderat raptae. ing proposition, as only women of the worst character could be refu gees in ancient times. · demum, only; a common use of demum and denique. 6. pubes: a rather poetical word for all men of military age. — ad vim, etc. i.e. as though the men would resort to violence to avenge the insult and secure wives. - Neptuno Equestri: i.e. as creator of the horse; cf. Virg. Georg. I. 12, and Ποσειδῶ τὸν ἵππιον, Arist. Clouds, 83. Consualia: the origin and meaning of the cult, is lost in antiquity, but it continued to be celebrated in later times, and was closely connected with the games of the Circus. 7. concelebrant: (sc. the people who were to take part) just as is the Magna pars forte in Quasdam forma excel lentes primoribus patrum destinatas ex plebe homines, quibus datum negotium erat, domos deferebant. Vnam longe ante alias specie ac pulchritudine insignem a globo Talassii cuiusdam raptam ferunt, multisque sciscitan tibus cuinam eam ferrent, identidem, ne quis violaret, Talassio ferri clamitatum. Inde nuptialem hanc vocem 13 factam. Turbato per metum ludicro maesti parentes virginum profugiunt, incusantes violati hospitii foedus deumque invocantes, cuius ad sollemne ludosque per fas 14 ac fidem decepti venissent. Nec raptis aut spes de se melior aut indignatio est minor. Sed ipse Romulus circumibat docebatque patrum id superbia factum, qui conubium finitimis negassent; illas tamen in matrimonio, in societate fortunarum omnium civitatisque et, quo nihil carius humano generi sit, libe15 rum fore; mollirent modo iras et quibus fors corpora dedisset, darent animos; saepe ex iniuria postmodum gratiam ortam eoque melioribus usuras viris, quod adnisurus pro se quisque sit, ut, cum suam vicem functus officio sit, parentium etiam patriaeque expleat deside rium. Accedebant blanditiae virorum, factum purgan- 16 tium cupiditate atque amore, quae maxime ad muliebre ingenium efficaces preces sunt. At rapta- 10 Iam admodum mitigati animi raptis erant. rum parentes tum maxime sordida veste lacrimisque et querellis civitates concitabant. Nec domi tantum indignationes continebant, sed congregabantur undique ad Titum Tatium, regem Sabinorum, et legationes eo, quod maximum Tatii nomen in iis regionibus erat, conveniebant. Caeninenses Crustuminique et Antemnates erant 2 ad quos eius iniuriae pars pertinebat. Lente agere his Tatius Sabinique visi sunt; ipsi inter se tres populi communiter bellum parant. Nec Crustumini quidem 3 atque Antemnates pro ardore iraque Caeninensium satis se impigre movent; ita per se ipsum nomen Caeninum in agrum Romanum impetum facit. Sed effuse vastan- 4 tibus fit obvius cum exercitu Romulus levique certamine 16. accedebant: i.e. besides these arguments of Romulus, there was also the influence of their husbands' wooing. · factum: the word wavers between a noun (excusing their action) and an infinitive (saying that it was done). Probably Livy was not conscious which he meant. It is to be remembered that two constructions which seem very different to us might be undistinguishable by the Romans. quae preces, a kind of prayer which; Gr. 201. d. WAR WITH THE CAENINENSES. 10 raptarum parentes: one would expect parentes raptarum, but the two words are artificially made into one expression, repeating with emphasis raptis, which has not been emphasized before. tum maxime, at that 5 docet vanam sine viribus iram esse. Exercitum fundit fugatque, fusum persequitur, regem in proelio obtruncat et spoliat, duce hostium occiso urbem primo impetu capit. Inde exercitu victore reducto ipse, cum factis vir magnificus tum factorum ostentator haud minor, spolia ducis hostium caesi suspensa fabricato ad id apte ferculo gerens in Capitolium escendit, ibique ea cum ad quercum pastoribus sacram deposuisset, simul cum dono designa6 vit templo Iovis finis cognomenque addidit deo. 'Iuppiter Feretri,' inquit 'haec tibi victor Romulus rex regia arma fero templumque his regionibus, quas modo animo metatus sum, dedico sedem opimis spoliis, quae regibus THE SPOLIA OPIMA. 5. victore, in triumph; not merely 'victorious army,' but like 'flushed with victory,' as a predicate. - factis, etc.: i.e. no less fond of displaying his exploits than great in performing them. - ferculo: such hand-barrows were used later in the triumphal procession, to which this has a certain resemblance, though Livy ascribes the first triumph to Tarquinius (38. 3). — Capitolium: the Capitoline Hill, then unoccupied; cf. pastoribus, in next line. -pastoribus: i.e. held sacred by them to Jupiter. deposuisset: i.e. deposited as an offering, doubtless hanging the arms on the tree. - simul, etc: i.. he offered the gift, and at the same time conceived the idea of a temple, for which, in the manner of augurs, he marked out by some visible objects the sacred limits. Only such an augurally consecrated place could be a templum. cognomen: like the saints in more modern times, the ancient divinities were worshipped in many places and under many relations, and in these several circumstances they were considered in a manner as separate divinities, receiving names accordingly. 6. Feretri: the story seems to have been invented, or at least explained, to account for this name, which, however, is not very well accounted for thereby. It is true that feretrum, from which Feretrius might come, does mean barrow; but the instrument in this use is too insignificant to sugges. the name for the divinity. The same instrument was used for carrying images in procession, and in that use might very well give the name. -rex regia: these two circumstances were the necessary requisites for the spolia opima. animo later the augur marked out the space in the sky with the ducibusque hostium caesis me auctorem sequentes posteri ferent.' Haec templi est origo, quod primum omnium Romae 7 sacratum est. Ita deinde diis visum nec inritam conditoris templi vocem esse, qua laturos eo spolia posteros nuncupavit, nec multitudine compotum eius doni vulgari laudem. Bina postea inter tot annos, tot bella opima parta sunt spolia: adeo rara eius fortuna decoris fuit. 2 Dum ea ibi Romani gerunt, Antemnatium exercitus 11 per occasionem ac solitudinem hostiliter in fines Romanos incursionem facit; raptim et ad hos Romana legio ducta palantes in agris oppressit. Fusi igitur primo impetu et clamore hostes, oppidum captum, duplicique victoria ovantem Romulum Hersilia coniunx, precibus raptarum fatigata, orat ut parentibus earum det veniam lituus, or augur's staff. torem, my example. 7. templi: i.e. of Jupiter Capitolinus.primum: perhaps not inconsistent with chap. 7. 3, because this might be the first templum proper; but no reliance can be placed on these stories. -ita: referring to what follows.-nec, not on the one hand. - nuncupavit, solemnly declared; a religious word implying solemn forms. nec: cf. nec above, by which the two statements are opposed to each other.compotum, partakers, but with the idea of a privilege enjoyed. bina on account of the plural, spolia; Gr. 95. b. These were won by A. Cornelius Cossus (IV. 20. 2) and M. Claudius Marcellus (B.C. 222). WAR WITH THE ANTEMNATES AND 11. per: cf. note to 3. II. —occasionem ac solitudinem: a hendi adys; i.e. the army going home gave the enemy an opportunity for an inroad. et ad hos: i.e. as well as the Caninenses before. These proceedings give a very good idea of war in early times.legio: in its original meaning of levy or army. Afterwards, when a larger number was levied, the name remained for the unit of organization, the legion, as it had formerly been levied. 2. clamore: the war-cry in ancient times had a much more potent function than now. The armies often did not meet at all, but, as in a modern charge, one party broke and fled before the collision.-duplici: i.e. over the army in the field and in capturing the town. tem, returning in triumph, flushed, - Hersilia: afterwards made a divinity along with her husband (cf. Ov. Met. XIV. 851), under the name of Hora or Horta. etc. ovan |