Ex bello tam tristi laeta repente pax cariores Sabinas 6 viris ac parentibus et ante omnes Romulo ipsi fecit. Itaque, cum populum in curias triginta divideret, nomina earum curiis imposuit. Id non traditur, cum haud dubie 7 aliquanto numerus maior hoc mulierum fuerit, aetate an dignitatibus suis virorumve an sorte lectae sint quae nomina curiis darent. Eodem tempore et centuriae tres equitum conscriptae 8 sunt: Ramnenses ab Romulo, ab T. Tatio Titienses appellati; Lucerum nominis et originis causa incerta est. Inde non modo commune, sed concors etiam regnum duobus regibus fuit. Post aliquot annos propinqui regis Tatii legatos Lau- 14 rentium pulsant, cumque Laurentes iure gentium agerent, apud Tatium gratia suorum et preces plus poterant. Igitur illorum poenam in se vertit: nam Lavini, cum ad 2 sollemne sacrificium eo venisset, concursu facto inter ex bello, following a war, as often with ex.-repente: modifying the verbal idea implied in ex. -curias: this word, of which the etymology is doubtful, is undoubtedly used of a territorial division of the patricians, with separate sacrifices for each division. Seven of the names have come down to us, some of which, as Faucia, Titia, might seem to Livy to be derived from names of women. 7. hoc: i.e. the thirty. 8. centuriae: a hundred men from each tribe; ten (a decuria) from each curia. - Lucerum: the whole origin of this branch is involved in mystery. They were, doubtless, a third stock incorporated with the Romans, but from what quarter is not known. They were probably the last of the three, and were not, like the others, represented in the sacred rites. DEATH OF TATIUS, AND WAR WITH 14. iure, etc.: i.e. they demanded satisfaction according to the unwritten but generally recognized law observed between nations (gentium) as opposed to the laws of any state (ius civile). This law, of course, protected ambassadors. — apud Tatium: the demand was made to him as akin to the guilty parties. — gratia, influence. The word is the abstract of gratus in both senses, grateful to one as for favors and agreeable to one as by means of favors. Here the favor in which Tatius held his kinsmen we may express by their influence with him.plus: i.e. than the justice of the Laurentian cause. 2. illorum: i.e. the kinsmen, of course. - Lavini: see I. II. — - sallemne, stated; there were close religious ties between the two cities 3 ficitur. Eam rem minus aegre quam dignum erat tulisse Romulum ferunt, seu ob infidam societatem regni seu quia haud iniuria caesum credebat. Itaque bello quidem abstinuit ; ut tamen expiarentur legatorum iniuriae regisque caedes, foedus inter Romam Laviniumque urbes 4 renovatum est. Et cum his quidem insperata pax erat: aliud multo propius atque in ipsis prope portis bellum ortum. Fidenates nimis vicinas prope se convalescere opes rati, priusquam tantum roboris esset quantum futurum apparebat, occupant bellum facere. Iuventute armata immissa vastatur agri quod inter urbem ac Fidenas est. 5 Inde ad laevam versi, quia dextra Tiberis arcebat, cum on account of their supposed relationship. Cf. V. 52. 8; VIII. 11. 15. -concursu facto: i.e. assailed by a mob, or in a riot. 3. minus aegre, etc.: i.e. Romulus was not so indignant as he should have been, being moved either by distrust of his colleague or by his sense of justice. -seu... seu, either... or, the usual meaning in later Latin. — infidam: his distrust is transferred and expressed as a quality of the association, untrustworthy.-bello: i.e. to avenge the murder; for the case, see Gr. 243. b. quidem: showing that bello is afterwards to be treated as a concession. Latin is full of such formal pointers, which English omits or transfers to another clause. tamen, but still; opposed to quidem; see note, above. expiarentur: the guilt on both sides in its religious aspect is cleansed by the religious act of renewing the treaty (see citations under sollemne, 2). There is underlying the whole a reminiscence of an old religious connection of all the peoples of the Latin race, obscured later by the pre-eminence of Rome. 4. quidem: indicating a connection like: With them, to be sure, they had no war, though they had expected one, but from another quarter they did have one.'- Fidenates: theirs was an Etruscan city only five and a half miles from Rome, on the same side of the Tiber. - esset: the subjunctive means, before there should be, not before there was; Gr. 341. Occupant, make haste... first; i.e. before the Romans should make war on them.- immissa : two participles with a noun are not regular in Latin, but they occur where one is attached to the noun so as to make with it a single idea. 5. laevam... dextra: from the point of view of the army as it marched somewhat southward devastating the country along the Tiber. They would thus find the Tiber on their right hand, and they turned easterly up the Anio towards their left. - cum magna trepidatione, with a great panic. The word indicates not necessarily fear, but a hurry-scurry, whether from magna trepidatione agrestium populantur, tumultusque repens ex agris in urbem inlatus pro nuntio fuit. Excitus 6 Romulus, neque enim dilationem pati tam vicinum bellum poterat, exercitum educit, castra a Fidenis mille passuum locat. Ibi modico praesidio relicto egressus 7 omnibus copiis partem militum locis circa densa inter virgulta obscuris subsidere in insidiis iussit; cum parte maiore atque omni equitatu profectus, id quod quaerebat, tumultuoso et minaci genere pugnae adequitando ipsis prope portis hostem excivit. Fugae quoque, quae simulanda erat, eadem equestris pugna causam minus mirabilem dedit. Et cum velut inter pugnae fugaeque 8 consilium trepidante equitatu pedes quoque referret alarm or any other cause. - agrestium: i.e. outside the towns. -tumultus, disorderly flight. pro nuntio: i.e. brought the first news, as there had been no declaration of war. 6. excitus: i.e. called out to action. The cities in those times were practically impregnable. The usual course of warfare was as in this case.- - neque enim, for naturally not. This expression regularly introduces a statement which itself needs no argument, like our 'for you see,' 'for you know.' 7. egressus: from the camp, which was always strongly fortified. - omnibus copiis: as opposed to a mere detachment. Cf. the emphatic modico, which indicates that only a small guard was left behind. locis, etc.: the reading given here (Weissenborn's) is doubtful, but perhaps the best conjecture that can be made. The Mss. have densa obsita virgulta. — circa: to be taken as an adverb. Cf. Gr. 188. e. id quod, etc.: i.e. he succeeded in doing what he aimed at, namely, excivit. Cf. excitus, 6.— - tumultuoso: i.e. the irregular action of skirmishing. — fugae: genitive. simulanda, etc.: i.e. was necessary to draw the enemy into the ambuscade. — mirabilem: the flight would have seemed suspicious, but that sudden dashes and retreats were the regular cavalry tactics. 8. velut: apparently only belonging with inter consilium, though grammatically it might go with the abl. abs. This sentence is a good example of Livy's compression of many details into one complex sentence. Our logical analysis into main clause and successively subordinate ones is almost sure to miss the manner of presentation chosen by the author. The only way to read the sentence is as it is written, something like And as, while the cav alry were wavering between the two courses of battle and flight, the foot also began to draw back, the gates were suddenly seen crowded with men, and from them poured a host of the enemy; so, as the Roman line gave way, the zeal of the enemy to press on and pursue hurried them on to the place of the ambuscade. gradum, plenis repente portis effusi hostes impulsa Romana acie studio instandi sequendique trahuntur ad 9 locum insidiarum. Inde subito exorti Romani transver、 sam invadunt hostium aciem. Addunt pavorem mota e castris signa eorum qui in praesidio relicti fuerant. Ita multiplici terrore perculsi Fidenates prius paene quam Romulus quique cum eo equites erant circumagerent Io frenis equos, terga vertunt multoque effusius, quippe vera fuga, qui simulantes paulo ante secuti erant, oppiI dum repetebant. Non tamen eripuere se hosti: haerens in tergo Romanus, priusquam fores portarum obicerentur, velut agmine uno inrumpit. 15 Belli Fidenatis contagione inritati Veientium animi et consanguinitate nam Fidenates quoque Etrusci fuerunt et quod ipsa propinquitas loci, si Romana The ultimate result takes the place of main clause; but the vivid details succeed each other in the order of time or natural presentation, and make a picture by a succession of strokes. This is Livy's special art or artless charm. He is always making pictures, and they must be observed as he draws them, stroke after stroke. 9. transversam, on the flank. The quality properly belongs adverbially to the Roman attack, but it is transferred in Latin to the enemy, for, of course, each was transversa to the other. -—addunt pavorem, a new alarm is added by, etc. mota, etc. i.e. the guard of the camp marches out in battle array, as if to re-enforce the Romans. — multiplici, from many quarters. — quique, etc., and the horsemen who were with him. These are mentioned because the movement of the horse would be quicker, and hence there is no need to speak of the foot.circumagerent, could wheel; cf. esset, 4 n, and see Gr. 327. arma omnibus infesta finitimis essent, stimulabat. In fines Romanos excucurrerunt populabundi magis quam iusti more belli. Itaque non castris positis, non exspec- a tato hostium exercitu, raptam ex agris praedam portantes Veios rediere. Romanus contra, postquam hostem in agris non invenit, dimicationi ultimae instructus intentusque Tiberim transit. Quem postquam castra ponere 3 et ad urbem accessurum Veientes audivere, obviam egressi, ut potius acie decernerent quam inclusi de tectis moenibusque dimicarent. Ibi viribus nulla arte adiutis 4 tantum veterani robore exercitus rex Romanus vicit persecutusque fusos ad moenia hostes urbe valida muris ac situ ipso munita abstinuit; agros rediens vastat ulciscendi magis quam praedae studio. Eaque clade 5 haud minus quam adversa pugna subacti Veientes pacem petitum oratores Romam mittunt. Agri parte multatis in centum annos indutiae datae. Haec ferme Romulo regnante domi militiaeque gesta, 6 quorum nihil absonum fidei divinae originis divinitatisque post mortem creditae fuit, non animus in regno avito reciperando, non condendae urbis consilium, non bello ac pace firmandae. Ab illo enim profecto viribus datis 7 tantum valuit ut in quadraginta deinde annos tutam |