to his affairs being disastrous in the city. He could neither hope for escape from the mountains, nor for aid from the city.

SECT. LVIII.

Ex ignavo strenuum: 'an active person from a sluggish one.' Patere: to be displayed,'' to appear.'

Timor . . . obficit: 'fear closes the ears of his mind,' i. e.

...

prevents your words from reaching his understanding.

Juxta mecum: as well as I.'— Quo in loco: in what condition.'

Si maxume animus ferat: if your spirit sustains you to the greatest degree.'

Parato: resolute.'

Cesserimus: 'shall be defeated.'

Non eadem... impendet: they have not the same interest at stake as ourselves.'

Illis supervacaneum est: 'it is a thankless task for them.”
Licuit nobis
6
agere: we might have passed.'

Quis; for queis, or quibus.

Qui maxume. Tis is understood before qui.

Cavete...amittalis: 'beware of losing your lives unrevenged.'

SECT. LIX.

Signa canere: to give the signal with the trumpet.'

Ipse, pedes: himself on foot.'

Pro loco: with regard to the place.'

Rupe asperâ; existente understood.

Signa; standards; put for the troops themselves.

Subsidio: in reserve.'

Evocatos. Soldiers who had served out their time, and were exempt from service, were persuaded sometimes by a general to enlist under him; 'volunteer veterans.'

Primam aciem: the front rank.'

Pedibus æger: ‘lame.'

Tumulti. Any near or sudden war was called tumultus.

Homo militaris: 'a thorough-bred soldier.'

Commemorando: 'by reminding them of.'

SECT. LX.

Ferentariis: those troops who carried missiles.'

Omittunt: 'throw down.'

Cominus: hand to hand.'

Versari: was engaged.'

Laborantibus: those who were severely pressed by the

enemy.'

Contra ac ratus erat: 'contrary to his expectation.'

Ex lateribus: 'in the flank.'

SECT. LXI.

Paullo divorsius: 'with a little less regularity.'
Advorsis volneribus: with wounds in front.'
Postremo, for denique: in short.'

Ingenuus: 'free-born;' i. e. of parents who had never been slaves.

Ita cuncti... pepercerant: thus all had been as prodigal of their own lives as of those of their enemies.'

Lætitia, maror, signify only the sensations of gladness or sorrow; luctus and gaudia, the manifestation of these sensations

The two closing chapters of this history are remarkable instances of the power of description. The whole scene is brought vividly before us in a few magical words. We hear the sound of the trumpet, and see the troops slowly advancing to the charge. Presently, as the two armies approach, their rage enkindles; they throw down their missiles, and rush to the onset. The contest is fearful. Catiline seems every where present; now directing his troops, now rushing into the thickest fight himself; helping the distressed, rallying the broken ranks, filling up the gaps left by the fallen. The description reminds us of the passages in Richard III.

' Catesby. Rescue, my lord of Norfolk! rescue, rescue!
The king enacts more wonders than a man;
Daring an opposite to every danger.

His horse is slain, and all on foot he fights,
Seeking for Richmond in the throat of death.'

'K. Richard. Slave, I have set my life upon a cast, And I will stand the hazard of the die!

I think there be six Richmonds in the field:

Five have I slain to-day instead of him.'

When the leader finds that his bravest troops are fallen, and the battle is lost, he gathers his few faithful adherents around him, and, rushing with them into the thickest of the enemy, boldly meets his fate. His body is found after the battle, the heart yet palpitating, and his countenance marked, even in death, by the ferocity which distinguished him when alive. His soldiers, who lie strewed in death, cover with their bodies the spot on which they stood while fighting: their wounds are all in front; and they preserve in death the order in which their leader had ranged them when they advanced to the charge.

The whole close of the book has the effect of a highlywrought romance.

14

NOTES

TO THE

WAR OF JUGURTHA.

Evi brevis

Virtute

SECT. I.

short-lived;' agreeing with natura.

discretion or intelligence.'

Reputando: on reflection.'

6

Majus: greater than human nature.'

6

Industriam: careful cultivation.'

Vim: natural strength.'

Artis natural qualifications or endowments.'
Pessum datus est: 'is degraded.'

Usus: enjoying.'

Difluxere: have been dissipated.'

Suam quisque ... transferunt. To be thus rendered:-Auctores, the authors of the mischief, quisque transferunt suam culpam, lay, each, the blame which ought to fall upon himself, ad negotia, upon his affairs. Pretending that their duties are too severe for them, when, in fact, they have incapacitated themselves from the performance of them by their own vices.

Cura solicitude.' If the solicitude of men for the acquisition of good were as great as the zeal with which they seek, &c.

Multumque and often.'

:

Neque regerentur... casus: 'and were not ruled by chance, more than they ruled chance.'

Eo: to such a degree.'

6

Uti pro... fierent: that, instead of being mortals, they should be made immortal by glory.'

SECT. II.

Corporis alia... sequuntur: 'some obey the nature of the body, others that of the mind.'

6

Omniaque orta occidunt: all things which are born must

die.'

Habet: 'rules.'

Admiranda: 'to be wondered at."

Per luxum in luxury.'

Incultu: 'through neglect.'

Artes animi: occupations of the mind.'

His, referring to artes.

Minume: 'by no means.'

Jus public authority.'

SECT. III.

Eo magis honesti: more respected on that account.' Eo is not here an adverb connected with magis, but the ablative of is. Parentes: subjects,' or 'subjected provinces.'

Importunum: 'disagreeable.'

Quærere: 'to gain.'

Quem tenet: 'possesses a man.'
Gratificari: to sacrifice.'

Negotiis: occupations.'

Quæ ingenio exercentur: 'which are pursued by the mind.'
Prætereundum: must be passed over' in silence.
Insolentiam: ignorance of the world, greenness.'
Fore qui: there will be people who.'

Quærere gratiam: 'to court favor.'

Reputaverint: will reflect.'

Merito: for good reasons.'