26. defunctus erat, § 61, 2, note. - scivere, decreed. 31. Maracanda, a neuter plural.

59. 1. provinciam ; this was the important satrapy of Sogdiana. 2. The battle on the river Granicus was the first great victory gained by Alexander over the Persians, B.C. 334.

5. bellicis § 44, IV. 2.

10. in posterum, for the next day.

13. gravis, offensive.

16. Chæroneam; see note on p. 51, l. 11. — operis; the result of his labors.

17. sibi, from him; dative of disadvantage, § 51, 1. note.

29. It would appear that while Alexander was away upon this expedition, Philip visited the island of Samothrace, famed for the peculiar and mysterious rites of the Cabiri, and was initiated into their mysteries, initia.

60. 2. cubabant; this refers to the custom of reclining at meals : they leaned upon the left elbow, and the neighbor towards whom any one's face was turned was said to be infra eum.

3. Euripides was a great tragic poet of Athens, of the fifth century, B.C.

12. præsentibus, i.e., the exploits of Alexander.

14. quis refers to ea understood, object of audiret; this form of the dative and ablative is frequent in later writers.

17. remittente, sc. eo; ablative absolute.

19. Parmenio, the general of Alexander who had done such good service in the battle of Issus, had been shortly before assassinated by the king's order. de, over.

21. animi prava contentione, a violent outbreak of temper; he had long concealed his indignation at the insolence and injustice of Alexander.

24. arbitrium agis, pass judgment; here he contrasts himself with the flatterers of Alexander.—præcipuum, sc. præmium. 28. sortitas, having obtained by lot; i.e., possessing. 32. hæsuros fuisse, § 67, I. 2, note.

61. 1. Alexander, King of Epirus, brother of Olympias, the mother of Alexander the Great, crossed over into Italy B.C. 332, and fought against the Samnites, etc.; he was assassinated in 326. 7. eum, Clitus; sibi, Alexander: semetipso, Clitus. 13. Observe the taunt in the words pectore and tergum.

16. Attalus was an officer of Philip, uncle of his wife Cleopatra; he was assassinated by Alexander's order shortly after his accession to the throne.

17. In his expedition to Egypt, B.C. 331, Alexander had visited the famous oracle of Jupiter Ammon, and obtained assurance that he was the son of this god. assereret, § 66, I.

18. se, Clitus; patrem, Zeus (Jupiter).

21. olim, for some time.

27. Ptolemæus was afterwards King of Egypt; Perdiccas was the officer to whom Alexander gave his ring on his death-bed, and who was guardian of his infant son, until killed in a mutiny.

62. 10. jam non, § 41, ii. 2.

16. ingeniis, § 51, IV.

17. perpendimus, § 70, IV.

21. abusum agrees with virum, subject of occisum. 26. paulo ante qualifies convivæ, § 47, 11. end.

33. Laniare, § 49, III.

63. 4. num, § 71, I.

5. subit; it occurs to him. Liber (Bacchus) had been offended by this slight.

12. bestiæ, § 51, VIII. · alias . . . alias; sometimes... at other times, § 22, 11.

17. pro mea gloria, § 51, 1. third rem.

19. omnibus ejus, § 51, v.; all her friends.

22. sine memoria, without putting her in mind. 30. puderet, § 64, II.

31. prohibituri, § 59, II. note; and they would have, etc.

During the year which followed, Alexander pursued his conquests in the East, and in the spring of B.C. 326 entered India, crossed the river Indus, and arrived on the banks of the Hydaspes, now the Jelum.

64. 8. gravioribus quam, etc., too heavy to be shot.

15. diffusus; this word, with elisus below, takes the gender of amnis Hydaspis, implied in flumen, — the masculine, implying the vigor and force of the living stream.

17. Nec impetum coercebat, nor did it check its swiftness, as might have been expected.

19. elisus, with broken course; rapids.

23. de industria irritatæ, purposely made furious.

25. pectora is obj. of percusserant, and se of experta. 31. parvæ rei discrimine, by the test of a slight skirmish. 65. 4. partium, of their tribe; see note on p. 54, 1. 8.

6. Notice the tenses; transnavere simply states a past action, tenebat describes the condition of the island.

18. eadem, also,— tegendis, § 73, III.

19. ripa, § 54, VI.: the common usage would be a ripa.

22. opportunitatis, § 50, III.

33. æqualem, i.e., in age.

66. 1. utique, at least.

7. in regionem, to the neighborhood.

14. momento, § 55, 1. 2.

17. nox, darkness; cælo, the sky.

31. humani ingeni, by a weakness of human nature.

67. 5. The shield-bearers were to protect the archers. 20. effusis habenis, at full gallop.

32. movebantur, sc. the elephants.

68. 2. gestantes, sc. id.

5. illo, i.e., Hercules, who had visited India among other places.

18. There is some confusion here and below between right and left; as it reads, both Alexander and Conus attacked the enemy's left.

22. invehemini; the future is used here, as is frequently the case, as nearly equivalent to an imperative, like shall in English. 27. in suos acrius furit, it is more dangerous to its own side. 69. 4. statuerunt, they have rested, § 57, III.

6. molientes ictus, preparing to shoot.

10. jungere, depends upon jubebant.

12. in medium, in common.

21. concursatione, in a sudden attack. 28. manu, its trunk.

29. super se, over their heads.

31. in multum diei, until late in the day.

33. copidas; copis, a Greek word for sword or scimitar. 70. 3. It is questioned whether mortis and supplicii limit quidquam or timor; probably it is best to connect them with timor; nor did their fear, not only of death, but of fresh torments in death, leave anything untried" in self-defence.

66

11. expositus, exposed, i.e., being left alone, as well as by his conspicuous size.

17. fluentibus, relaxed.

23. regis, in appos. with Taxilis; Taxiles was an Indian king, who had allied himself with Alexander.

71.

3. resistentibus, § 51, III. second remark.

18. malum, a kind of oath, the mischief!

19. rerum mearum, of my power; belli, in war; an example of two genitives, subjective and objective, limiting the same word, fame.

20. in deditos, follows clementiæ.

18. Curtius here differs from Arrian, who says (v. 19, 1), that Porus answered: "that you treat me like a king.'

2. contra spem, belongs with confirmatum. 4. regno, § 51, II. end.

6. simplicius, more impartially.

After the victory over Porus, Alexander desired to push on to the Ganges, but was dissuaded by the reluctance of his soldiers, and the unfavorable character of the omens; he therefore followed the Indus down to its mouth, and then returned to the west.

17. pecorum, § 50, 1. 3.

18. amnis (§ 50, ш.), after peritis.

19. enatam, produced by alluvial deposits; the delta of the Indus.

20. socordius asservati, too carelessly watched.

26. omnium, for omnium locorum or rerum; an exception to § 47, IV. 1, note.

73.

1. ipsos for se; quite common in Curtius.

18. quo (§ 54, v. end), in proportion as.

20. flumini, dat. after mixtum; adhuc qualifies leni.

22. evecti, carried past.

24. securi, regardless.

26. vice, § 14, 1. 3; the dwellers on the Mediterranean were

not accustomed to tides: see note on p. 15, 1. 33.

31. cernere videbantur, they supposed they discerned.

74. 1. The ships had been drawn up on land, according to the

custom of the ancients.

5. prohibebant; i.e., by pushing with poles, they prevented the oars from being used.

9. non receperant, were not able to contain, governs mentes. 14. opis, § 14, II. 1.

19. duorum, sc. exercituum.

22. ad manus, to blows.

27. subsederant, had been formed, existed.

31. magno tractu, with a strong movement. 33. destituta, left aground.

75. 8. Miles, the singular for the plural; the soldiery.

4. præsentibus, etc., things more terrible than these, which should follow.

8. æstum relaturum [esse] depends upon ignari.

10. Beluæ it is hard to guess what beasts these can have been; the story is no doubt a rhetorical flourish.

29. mirabundi, § 44, v. 1.

32. occuparet, take advantage of.

33. os, governed by evectus, § 52, 111.

76. 2. locorum, the land.

4. altero, the second.

8. remedio, § 51, vii.

20. The paragraph that follows is taken from the tenth book, chap. I.; the intervening passages describe the land march of Alexander to Carmania, upon the Persian Gulf.

22. quædam, etc., some things by hearsay, others from observation.

23. subjectam, lying below.

24. ab, from, not by.

26. æstu secundo, by the flow of the tide.

28. sequi, § 65, ii. note. - cum connects strepitu with subisse. 29. cetera, § 52, Iv. note.

77. 5. his; we should expect sibi.

10. omni, etc.; when all the sea-coast should have been subdued. 14. quam, § 48, 11.; there were two provinces of Spain.

18. Libano; Mt. Lebanon was famed for its timber, as in the time of Solomon.