which induced the author to write the above pamphlet. In it he undertakes to show that the Sadduceean party arose from a union between the old families and the celebrated family of the sons of Zadock, and that they formed a sacerdotal nobility which rigidly adhered to the primitive form of worship, and with which, at the time of Christ, the party of Herod united. The Pharisees, on the other hand, were, according to Mr. Geiger's opinion, the popular party which later, in the form of Rabbinism, obtained a complete victory over the opposite party.

both well known as authors of the evangelical school of modern German theology, publish a volume of "Apologetical Essays," (Apologetische Beiträge, Basel, 1863.) The volume consists of an essay by Gess on "the Right of Doubting and the Conquest of Doubt," and of one by! Riggenbach, on "God's Holiness and Man's Sin."

New works (and also editions of former works) on Christian Doctrines and Christian Ethics are still being published in large numbers. We notice among the most recent: A. Schweizer, (Professor in Zurich,) "System of Christian The most important works on the his- Doctrines, according to Protestant Printory of the Popes have nearly all been ciples," (Christliche Glaubenslehre, vol. i. written by Germans; thus that of Inno- Leipsic, 1863.) Culman, "Christian cent III., by Hurter; that of Gregory VII., Ethics," (Christliche Ethic, vol. i. Stuttby Voigt and Gfrörer; that of Alexan- gardt, 1863.) Ebrard, "System of der III., by Reuter. To them must now Christian Doctrine," (Christliche Glaube added a work by Dr. G. Voigt on benslehre, new edition,) a well-known Pope Pius II. and his Times, which has standard work of the evangelical theoljust been completed by the publication|ogy of Germany. Plitt, Evangelische of the third volume. (Eneo Silvio de' Piccolomini, als Papst Pius II. Berlin, 1863.)

Dr. Spiegel, one of the standard authorities on everything that refers to the sacred books of the Parsees and their language, the Zená, has published a posthumous work of the distinguished Orientalist, Fr. Windishmann, entitled "Zoroastrian Essays," (Zoroastrische Studien. Berlin, 1863,) and treating of the mythology and ancient religious history of Central Asia. Spiegel calls this work a "highly important one," which will always maintain a high rank among the works that are written for the elucidation of the Iranian antiquity.

"The Preparation of Evangelical Theologians for the Ministry," (Bildung der Evangelischen Theologen. Heidelberg, 1863,) is the title and subject of a work by Professor Schenkel, of Heidelberg, a man of considerable influence in the present religious movements of Germany. Besides a discussion of the question, how theological students ought to be practically trained for their important mission, the book gives the first complete history of the evangelical preachers' seminaries of Germany prior to 1838.

Professors Gess and Riggenbach, of the University of Basel, Switzerland,

Glaubenslehre " is announced as being in press by the firm of Perthes, of Gotha. A new edition of one of the old standard works of Lutheran Theology, J. Gerhard's "Loci Theologici," is being brought out by E. Preuss. Berlin, 1863.

Of the commentary to the Old Testament by Keil and Delitzsel, Part 2, vol. i, containing the books of Joshua, Judges, and Ruth, is out. Among other exegetical works we find: Keerl, on the Unity of the Biblical Primitive History, (Genesis, i-iii,) and the Harmony of the Biblical Cosmogony with Geology, with special reference to the views of Dr. Delitzch, Dr. Keil, and Dr. Höleman. Bäumlein, Commentary to the Gospel of John, (Stuttgardt.) Hilgenfeld, a Review of the recent literature on the books of Ezra and Daniel, (Jena.)

The recent literature of Germany continues to be very rich in new works treating of the relations between natural sciences on the one hand, and theology and philosophy on the other. Among them we notice Mr. Von Schleiden's three lectures on "The Age of the Human Race, the Origin of the Species, and the Position of Men in Nature." (Das Alter des Menschen Geschlechts, etc. Leipsic, 1863.) The author is well known as one of the best botanists of Germany. Karl Riel's "Nature and History," (Natur und Geschichte. Leipsic, 1863,) is the

beginning of a work whose task it is to show the mutual relations between nature and history, and, resulting therefrom, the inseparable connection between the history of mankind and natural sciences. The first volume, which is to be regarded as an introduction into the whole work, treats of "The History of Mankind and the Universe."

ieuses," and giving his views on relig ion and Christianity, has been recently republished in Paris, with a sketch of the life and writings of Vincent, by F. Fontanès, and an introduction by Athanase Còqusel, Jr., (Meditations, etc. Paris, 1863.)

The "History of Christian Doctrines," by the late Prof. Gieseler, of the University of Göttingen, has been translated by Prof. Bruch, of Strasburg, and A. Hobert. (Gieseler, Histoire des Dogmes. Paris, 1863.)

Students of the Scriptures in the original languages will be glad to learn that a new (seventh) edition of the excellent Hebrew Grammar of Professor Ewald has been published. (Ausführli ches Lehrbuch der Hebräischen Sprache. Göttingen.) A posthumous work of Dr. K. H. A. Lipsius, containing grammatical investigations upon the Greek of the Bible, has been edited by his brother, Professor Lipsius, of Vienna, (Grammatische Untersuchungen, über die Biblischeligious Schism of this Work," (Etudes Grücität. Leipsic.) New and entirely revised editions have also been published of the Hebrew Dictionaries of Gesenius and Fürst.

FRANCE.

One of the best informed writers on Russia, who publishes, under the nom de plume Schédo-Terroli, "Studies on the Future of Russia," has recently brought out the seventh volume of this work, which treats of "Toleration, and the Re

sur l'Avenir de la Russie, 7e Etude. Berlin, 1863.) It is quite an extensive work, from a man who writes with a most minute knowledge, on a subject which is of growing importance for the Protestant and Roman Catholic world.

Abbé Migne has commenced the publication of a "Dictionary of Catholic Missions," to be edited by Lacroix and Djunkovskoy. The first volume, which contains the "Dictionary of MissionThe whole is to be comaries," is out. pleted in two volumes, and forms part of an encyclopedic series, called by the publisher "The Third Catholic Encyclo

A translation of the complete works of the Emperor Julian, (Euvres Completes de l'Empereur Julien, par M. E. Talbot. Paris, 1863,) will be welcomed by such friends of historical studies as cannot read the Greek language. The Emperor Julian, who was so egregiously mistaken in believing himself able to arrest the decay of paganism and to make it again the state religion of the Roman Empire in the place of Christianity, is a charac-pedia." ter which inspires even now all friends of historical research with great interest. No work, of course, can give a better clue to the character of such a man than his own writings and letters.

Three or four years ago Mr. Prevost Paradoe, one of the editors of the Journal des Debats, called the attention of the literary world of France to the merits of Samuel Vincent, one of the earliest and most devoted champions of the principle of religious toleration in Europe. Mr. Vincent was from 1822 to 1837 Protestant pastor in Nimes, and in some respects ahead of his age. The views which he advanced on the relation between Church and State were little appreciated during his lifetime; but they are now becoming the opinions of all Europe. One of the chief works of Vincent, entitled "Meditations Relig

Father Gratry, who is regarded as one of the best Catholic writers on philosophical subjects, has commenced the publication of a commentary on the Gospel of St. Matthew, (Commentaire sur l'Evangile selon Saint Matthieu. Paris, 1863.)

Count Montalembert has published, in pamphlet form, the great speech on a Free Church in a Free State" which he delivered at the Catholic Congress of Malines, and which attracted to so high a degree the attention and admiration of the world. ("L'Eglise Libre dans Etat Libre." Paris, 1863.) The speech is regarded as one of the master-works of the distinguished orator. A full account of the congress has been published by Chantrel, one of the editors of the late Univers, under the title "Malines, Fêtes and Congrès."

Of several works now in the course of publication we notice the appearance of vol. vi of Pastor Puaux, (Histoire de la Reformation Française,) and of vols. iii and iv of Abbé Jagers, (Histoire de l'Eglise Catholique en France d'après les documents les plus authentiques depuis son origine jusqu'au concordat de Pie vii.

A translation of the complete works of St. John Chrysostom has been commenced, "under the direction and with the collaboration" of some monks calling themselves "the priests of the Immaculate Conception of St. Dizier." The titlepage claims this to be the first translation of the complete works of this celebrated preacher of the ancient Greek Church into French. The whole work will contain ten or eleven volumes.

The agitation which the "Life of Jesus," by M. Renan, has produced in France remains unabated. The sale of the book already exceeds one hundred thousand copies, and translations in nearly every language of Europe have made their appearance. Of refutations

there is no want. The October number of Reinwald's Monthly Bulletin of French Literature contains no less than twelve new works on Renan's, most of which are, however, small pamphlets. Among them are the following: Father Felix, the most celebrated pulpit orator of the Roman Catholic Church of France, "M. Renan et sa Vie de Jesus," originally published as an article in a religious quarterly, (Etudes Religieuses;) Napoleon Roussel, (a Protestant pastor,) Le Jesus de M. Renan, (one of the best pamphlets published on the subject;) Pressensé, (editor of the Revue Chretienne,) l'Ecole critique et Jesus Christ à propos de la Vie de Jesus de M. Renan; Pastoral Letters of the Bishops of Nimes and Grenoble; Olgo, (a priest of the Russian Church,) Reflexions d'un Orthodoxe de l'Eglise Grecque sur la Vie de Jesus de M. Renan. Pressensé, in an article in the "Christian Work" of London, says that the best reply that has yet proceeded from the Catholic camp is the article of a pious layman, well known in Paris for works of charity and benevolence, M. Cochin, in the Correspondent.

ART. X.-SYNOPSIS OF THE QUARTERLIES, AND OTHERS OF THE HIGHER PERIODICALS.

American Quarterly Reviews.

AMERICAN QUARTERLY CHURCH REVIEW, October, 1863. (New York.) —1. Stanley's Lectures and the Oriental Churches. 2. The Doctrine and Rationale of Sacraments. 3. Responsibility of Belief. 4. The Anglican Church and Italian Reform. 5. Papal Intermeddling. 6. The Rt. Rev. James Hervey Otey, D.D., LL.D.

BIBLICAL REPERTORY AND PRINCETON REVIEW, October, 1863. (Philadelphia.)-1. The Anglo-American Sabbath. 2. University Education. 3. Witherspoon's Theology. 4. Micah's Prophecy of Christ: 5. The Children of the Covenant, and "their Part in the Lord." 6. Miracles. 7. The Beautiful Things of Earth. 8. Relation of the Church and State. Recent Explorations in Africa. (Additional note.)

BOSTON REVIEW, October, 1863. (Boston.)-1. Forms of Sound Words. 2. Liberal Religion. 3. A Phenomenon of Calvinism. 4. Colenso's Ciphering Reciphered. 5. Philip Van Artevelde. 6. John Calvin.

7. Short Sermons.

NEW ENGLANDER, October, 1863. (New Haven.)—1. Cemeteries. 2. The Sanction of all Law, Divine. 3. Review of Tennyson's "Two Voices." 4. Ecumenical Councils. 5. Armenian History. 6. Herbert Spencer on Ultimate Religious Ideas. 7. The Monroe Doctrine. 8. Edward

Irving.

AMERICAN PRESBYTERIAN AND THEOLOGICAL REVIEW, October, 1963. (New York.)-1. Presbyterianism: its Affinities. 2. The Sources of Crime. 3. False Tendency and Radical Defect in Education. 4. American New Testament Commentaries. 5. Mark ii, 23, as compared with Matthew xii, 1, and Luke vi, 1. 6. Draper's Intellectual Development of Europe. 7. The Chinese Classics. 8. Roger Bacon in the Light of New Documents.

BIBLIOTHECA SACRA AND BIBLICAL REPOSITORY, October, 1863. (Andover, Mass.)-1. The Pre-existence of the Soul. 2. Stoddard's Theological Lectures. 3. Biblical Cosmology and the Doctrine of the Fall of the World. 4. Constantine the Great, and the Downfall of Paganism in the Roman Empire. 5. Authorship of the Pentateuch. 6. The Doctrine of the Protestant Episcopal Church. 7. Egyptology, Oriental Archæology and Travel. 8. Scheler's Dictionary of French Etymology. 9. Recent Theological Literature of Germany.

The article on the Pre-existence of the Soul is a very valuable condensation of an elaborate German volume by Prof. Bruch of Strasburg. The article on Biblical Cosmology relates to a stupendous theory, explanatory of the Mosaic Cosmology, by Dr. Keerl of Germany, of which Dr. Warren gives an interesting summary; but the article would have interested us still more had it been like the first, a pure condensation. The heavens and the earth of Gen. i, 1, are the solar system before its separation into sun and planets, and, of course, the days are immense periods. The chapter is made the nucleus of a grand romance of the universe, which, for aught we know, may be its true history.

Dr. Warren notices, with a somewhat summary sweep, the view of "a Mr. Rorison, of England," that the first chapter of Genesis possesses the rhythm, refrains, and self-completeness of a poem; pronouncing it "a notion," "an elusion," contradicted by two catalogues of Scripture texts which he gives; the second of which catalogues relates to the second chapter of Genesis, and has therefore nothing to do with the poem; and the first presents not the slightest collision with it. As to "elusion," or dodge, if that term designates an evasion of the literal sense of the chapter as it would be understood by an intelligent child, Keerl would be to Rorison as a camel to a gnat. The reconciliation of either with the terms of the Fourth Commandment would be equally difficult and equally easy, both requiring that the literal Day of the Decalogue shall correspond with the symbolic day of the cosmogony. The hymnic view furnishes just as suitable a basis for the normal cosmogonical phraseology of the Bible as the Keerlic.

If our readers will compare our notice of Rorison's essay in "Replies to Essays and Reviews" with our notice of Dana's Geology in the Quarterly following, they will find a curious coincidence. They will find that the schematism of the creation which Mr. Rori

son found in the "Hymn" precisely accords with the schematism found by Prof. Dana in geology! Two independent minds separately drew a draft of creation, the one from the psalm of the first chapter of Genesis, and the other from science, and they precisely correspond! The hymnic view therefore has, if required, an ample scientific basis.

If Dr. W. will take the trouble to procure and read this same a Mr. Rorison" before he sweeps him off the boards, he may find proofs of the Hymnic character of that chapter which he will scarce refute. There is no psalm or prophecy in the old Testament bearing in its internal structure a more unequivocally poetic character. The assignment of its authorship to Adam, and the suggestion of its forming a part of the Patriarchal hymnology, were only thoughts furnished as pleasing to our own fancy, tallying indeed with associate facts, but claiming no historical basis.

(New York.) 2. New EngReturn of the

BROWNSON'S QUARTERLY REVIEW. Third New York Series. October, 1863.-1. Catholics and the Anti-Draft Riots. land Brahminism. 3. Visions and Revelations. 4. Rebellious States. In Dr. Brownson's present position in the American Romish communion we seem to recognize the providential wisdom of his being allowed to collapse under the sway of the Pope. He is telling truth to the Romanists of this country, unwelcome yet powerful, which would be wholly unheard by them from Protestant lips or pen. His graphic descriptions of the demoralization of our Romanist clans, so faithfully true to life, are by him intended to point to reformation and regeneration. We heartily wish him success. Closed as Romanist ears are to Protestant effort, it is consoling to find at any rate one voice within their pale that recognizes the degradation and seeks to point them to virtue, piety, truth, education, and freedom. These traits are the indestructible remnants of Yankee Protestantism imported by him into their camp, and it would be well for them could they appreciate the lessons of wisdom he inculcates. Dr. Brownson is the only man we know in our land who is at all dangerous to Protestantism. Should the policy he preaches be adopted, should Romanism put off the dirty habiliments of incivilization and sin, and stand up in the better spirit of our age, there are historical and esthetical, not to say doctrinal and spiritual associations about her that might fascinate countless thousands if not millions into her fold. Terrible and. terribly repulsive in our land is the Church of Kempis, Pascal, and Fenelon. It is not "the Church in the catacombs," but, largely the Church in the whisky cellars. That Church itself is the most