holding), condition, character (way of holding one's self), nature.

Haeduus (Aed-), -a, -um [Celtic], adj., of the Hadui, a powerful Gallic tribe between the Loire and the Saône.-Masc. plur. as subst., the Hædui.

haereō, haerere, haesī, haesūrus [?, for haeseo], 2. v. n., get caught, stick, cling fast, cling, hang about or upon, be fastened.

haesitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātūrus [†haesitŏ-; cf. agito], 1. v. n., be caught, hesitate.

Hannibal, -alis [Phoenician], M., the great general of the Carthaginians in the Second Punic war.

haruspex, -icis [unc. stem + †spex; cf. auspex], M. and F., a soothsayer, a diviner.

hasta, -ae [?, perh. akin to prehendo], F., a spear, a shaft. — See also gramineus.

haud [?], adv., not (modifying a single word; cf. non); haud dubitans, without hesitation.

hauriō, haurire, hausī, haustus [? for hausio], 4. v. a., drain, draw, drink, imbibe.

hebēscō, -ere, no perf., no p.p. [hebe-sco], 3. v. n., grow dull,

Hercules, -is ['Hрakλîs], M., the great divinity, son of Jupiter and Alcmena, originally of Phoenician origin, who presided especially over journeys and adventures. — Voc., heavens!

ērēditās, -ātis [hered- (as if heridi-)+tas], F., inheritance, an inheritance.

Herennius, -i [?], M., a Roman gentile name.-Esp., C. Herennius, a senator convicted of embezzlement.

hērēs, ēdis [?], M. and F., an heir, an heiress.

hesternus, -a, -um [hesi- (heri-) +ternus; cf. diuturnus], adj., of yesterday, yesterday's, yesterday (as if adv.); hesterno die, yesterday. heus [?], interj., look you! here! ho!

hibernō, -āre, -āvī, -ātūrus [hiberno-], I. v. n., pass the winter, winter: quem ad modum milites (conduct themselves in winter quarters).

hibernus, -a, -um [hiem- +ernus; cf. nocturnus], adj., of winter, winter (as adj.). - Neut. plur. (sc. castra), winter quarters, a winter encampment.

hic [thi- (loc. of hi-c) ce], adv., here (cf. hic), in this place, there (of a place just mentioned), on this occasion, now, on this point.

hic, haec, hōc [hi- (pron. stem) +ce; cf. ecce, cetera], dem. pron. (pointing to something near the speaker in place, time, or interest), this, these, he, they, this man(woman or thing), the present, like this.

Referring to things before mentioned (but with more emphasis than is), this, these, etc. Less commonly, of what follows, the following, as follows, these. - Often with a gesture, this, this here present, the one before me, my client: horum omnium, of all these here present; pater huiusce (of the one here, of my client).—Esp., hoc est, that is to say; huic imperio (this of ours); per hosce annos, these last years; his paucis diebus, within a few days. hōc, neut. abl., used adverbially, in this respect, on this account, by so much: hoc magis, all the more. Often hic. . . ille,

the one... the other, this (near by)

hicine [hic- (hice) ne], adv., here (in emphatic question).

hiemps (-ems), -emis [akin to Xeiμwv], F., winter.

Hierō, -ōnis ['Iépwv], M., the name of several kings of Syracuse. Esp., Hiero II., the son of Hierocles, in the third century B.C., just before the Second Punic war.

hilaritās, -ātis [hilari- + tas], cheerfulness, joyousness, merriment, hilarity.

hinc [thim (loc. of hic, cf. interim)+ce], adv., from here, hence. -Also (cf. ab and ex), on this side, here: hinc... hinc, on this side... on that.

Hirtius, i [hirtŏ- + ius], M., a Roman gentile name.-Esp., Aulus

Hirtius, consul B.C. 43, in the struggle against Mark Antony.

Hispania, -ae [Hispano-+ia (fem. of -ius)], F. (of adj.; cf. Gallia), Spain. Plur., the two provinces. Hispaniensis, -e [Hispania- + ensis], adj., of Spain, Spanish. Hispānus, -a, -um [?], adj., Spanish.

Hispō, -ōnis [?], an unknown person, perhaps a spy upon Cicero in his exile (possibly an abusive nickname devised by Cicero to conceal the identity of the person meant).

hodie [ho (abl. of hi-c), die], adv., to-day, now.

hodiernus, -a, -um [hodie- + ernus], adj., of to-day, to-day's: hodiernus dies, to-day, this day.

Homer. Homērus, -i ["Oμnpos], M.,. homō, inis [prob. humŏ-+ 0], c., a human being (cf. vir, a man, as a male), a man (including women). -Sometimes, since vir is the complimentary word, implying contempt, etc., fellow, creature, person.

honestās, -ātis [thonos (stem of honor as adj.) + tas], F., honor, respectability, honorable position.

honestē [old abl. of honestus], adv., honorably, decently, with honor, with decency.

honestō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus [honesto-], I. v. a., make honorable, honor: se (gain honor); currum (adorn as a captive).

honestus, -a, -um [honos (orig. stem of honor) +tus], adj., esteemed, honored, respected, worthy, honorable, respectable, creditable. — Very

often as an epithet of the middle class; cf. splendidus (used in reference to success and fortune), ornatus, amplus (used of dignitaries).

honor (-ōs), -ōris [unc. root + or (orig. -os, cf. -ns)], M., honor, a mark of honor, a source of honor, an honor. -Esp. of honors conferred by the people, a post of honor, an office, a dignity, a high position. Phrases in honore, quanto honore esse, be honored; gradus honoris, honorum (advancement); honoris causa, with due respect (an apology for mentioning a person's name). honōrificē [old abl. of honorificus], adv., honorably, with honor, with respect.

honorificentissimus, -a, -um, superl. of the following.

honōrificus, -a, -um [honor- (as if honori) + ficus], adj., honorable, in honorable terms.

hōra, -ae [pa, orig. season?], F., an hour. The Roman hours, being reckoned from sunrise to sunset, were not of equal length at all times of the year, but were always so many twelfths of the solar day.

Horatius, i [?], M., a Roman gentile name.-Esp., M. Horatius, the victor in the triple combat with the Curiatii, who was tried for killing his sister.

horreō, horrere, horruī, no p.p. [thorro- (HORR, orig. hors) + us; prob. used orig. of the sensation called "goose pimples," where the hair seems to stand on end. In

Sanskrit the root is used of intense delight, which is sometimes accompanied by the same sensation], 2. v. n. and a., bristle (see above). -Hence, shudder at, dread.

horribilis, -e [horro- (as if stem of horreo, but prob. stem of thorrus, see above) + bilis], adj., to be shuddered at, frightful, dreadful.

horridus, -a, -um [†horrŏ- (whence horreo) + dus], adj., horrid, horrible, dreadful.

hortātiō, -ōnis [hortā- + tio], F., admonition, encouragement, exhortation.

hortātus, -ūs [hortā- + tus], M., admonition, encouragement, exhortation.

Hortensius, -i [prob. hortensi+ius], M., a Roman gentile name. -Esp., Q. Hortensius Hortalus, the great orator, contemporary and rival of Cicero.

hortor, -ārī, -ātus [for horitor, freq. of old thorior], 1. v. dep., encourage, urge on, urge, address. Less exactly, of things, urge, move, prompt.

hortus, -i [?], M., a garden.

hospes, -itis [prob. GHAS-PATIS, orig. host (lord of eating)], M., a host. Also, a guest, a stranger, a visitor. Hence, a guest friend (in the peculiar relation of hospitium, which was a kind of hereditary friendship between persons of different countries, not personal, but of a family or state), a friend (of the kind above mentioned) familiaris et hospes, a personal and family friend.

hospitium, -ī [hospit- + ium], N., the relation of host (or guest). Hence (cf. hospes), friendship, a friendly relation, a relation of friendship.

hostilis, -e [hosti- + lis], adj., hostile, of the enemy.

hostis, -is [prob. GHAS + tis], M. and F., (a stranger; cf. hospes), an enemy (of the state; cf. inimicus), a public enemy. - Collectively, the enemy. Rarely, an enemy (in a general sense), a bitter enemy.

H S. [prob. for IIs (duo semis, 24 asses)], a sign for sestertii, sestertium, or sestertia.

hūc [hō- (dat. of hi-c) + ce], adv., hither, here (in sense of hither), to this (place, and the like; cf. eo), to this point.

hucine [thoce (cf. huc) -ne], adv., hither, etc., as interrogative. hūius modi, see modus.

Iacchus,-i ["Iaxxos], M., Bacchus. iaceō, -ēre, -uī, -itūrus [†iacò-; cf. iaculum], 2. v. n., lie, lie dead, lie low, lie prostrate, be overthrown, fall to the ground.

iaciō, iacere, iēcī, iactus [?, cf. iaceo], 3. v. a., throw, hurl, cast, throw about, bandy about. — Esp. of foundations, lay.

iactō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus [iacto-], I. v. a., (freq. of iacio), toss, toss about, bandy about (of talk); se iactare, insolently display itself, swagger, show one's arrogance or insolence, show one's self off.

hūmānitās, -ātis [humano- + tas], F., humanity (as opposed to brutishness), civilization, cultivation, refinement, courtesy, human feeling, culture.

humāniter [humanŏ- + ter], adv., humanly, like a man, as becomes a man; also, in a civilized or refined way, elegantly.

hūmānus, -a, -um [stem akin to homo and humus (?) + nus], adj., human, of man, civilized, cultivated, refined.

humerus, see umerus.

humilis, -e [humŏ- + lis], adj., low, shallow (cf. altus, deep). — Fig., low, humble, poor, humbled, abased, of low origin, obscure, mean.

humilitas, -ātis [humili- + tas], F., lowness, shallowness. — Fig., humble position.

humus, -i [?, cf. xaμai], F., the ground: humi, on the ground.

iam

length, still: non iam, no longer, not any more, etc.; numquam iam, never more, never again; nemo, at last no one; iam ante, iam antea, already before, already, before, also before, even before. Of future time, presently, by and by. Phrases: iam vero, now furthermore, then again, but, or common particle of transition; iam dudum, iam pridem, now for some time, long ago; nunc iam, now at last, now.

Iāniculum, -ī [Ianŏ- + culum], N., the Janiculine Hill.

iānua, -ae [?, akin to Ianus], F., a door. Fig., gate.

Iānuārius, -a, -um [?, ianua- + arius], adj., of January.

ibi [old case-form of is; cf. tibi], adv., there (in place before mentioned or indicated by a relative), thereupon, then.

ibidem [ibi-dem; cf. idem], adv., in the same place, there also.

ico, īcere, īcī, ictus [?], 3. v. a., strike. - Esp. of treaties (prob. from the killing of a sacrificial victim), strike, make, solemnize.

ictus, -ūs [IC + tus], M., a blow, a stroke, a thrust.

idcirco [id (neut. acc. of is) + circo (case-form of same stem as circa, circum)], adv., for that reason, therefore, on this account.

idem, eadem, idem (is-dem; cf. dum], dem. pron., the same. - Often as subst., the same thing (things), the same man, the same. . Often represented by an adverb, at the same time, also, as well.

identidem [prob. idem-†tadem (case-form of TA, in tam + dem)], adv., repeatedly, again and again. ideō [id eo, this for this reason], adv., therefore, for this reason.

idōneus, -a, -um [?, akin to idem?], adj., fit, suitable, adapted, deserving.

Īdūs, -uum [?, perh. akin to aestus], F. plur., the Ides (a day of the lunar month falling at the full moon, conventionally on the 15th of March, May, July, October, and the 13th of the other months, and used by the Romans to reckon dates).

iēiūnus, -a, -um [?], adj., fasting. Fig., meagre, poor, humble. igitur [prob. for agitur, the point aimed at is], conj., therefore, then, now, you see.

īgnārus, -a, -um [1in-gnarus], adj., ignorant, not knowing, without knowledge: ignarus rerum, without knowledge of affairs, inexperienced. īgnāvia, -ae [ignavŏ- + ia], F., shiftlessness, cowardice.

īgnāvus, -a, -um [1in-(g)navus], adj., shiftless, cowardly.

ignis, is [, same word as Sk. agnis, the god of fire], M., fire, flame.

ignobilis, -e [1in-(g) nobilis], adj., not famous, obscure.

īgnōminia, -ae [†ignomin- (in(g)nomen) + ia], F., want of fame, disgrace. Almost concretely, a disgraceful defeat, a disgraceful

blemish.

īgnōrātiō, -ōnis [ignorā- + tio], F., ignorance.