M. TULLI CICERONIS

ORATIO IN CATILINAM SECUNDA

AD POPULUM.

1. Tandem aliquando, Quirites, L. Catilinam furen- 1 tem audacia, scelus anhelantem, pestem patriae nefarie molientem, vobis atque huic urbi ferro flammaque minitantem ex urbe vel eiecimus vel emisimus vel

3. vobis and urbi are indirect objects, ferro and flamma are ablatives of instrument; instead of the ablatives, accusatives might have been used: we can say minitari alicui aliqua re or minitari alicui aliquid.

4. vel... vel . . . vel, imply liberty of choice, either

...

... or

or, as you please.' In this Congratulations over Catilina's passage each vel substitutes departure (§§ 1, 2).

a

milder form of expression for the preceding, because Cicero does not yet feel quite sure of the attitude of the people. He speaks more boldly in the third oration. The sentence may be trans. We have driven him out, let him go if you will, -at least bidden him good speed on his voluntary departure.'

5 ipsum egredientem verbis prosecuti sumus. Abiit, excessit, evasit, erupit. Nulla iam pernicies a monstro illo atque prodigio moenibus ipsis intra moenia comparabitur. Atque hunc quidem unum huius belli domestici ducem sine controversia vicimus. Non enim 10 iam inter latera nostra sica illa versabitur, non in campo, non in foro, non in curia, non denique intra domesticos parietes pertimescemus. Loco ille motus est, cum est ex urbe depulsus. Palam iam cum hoste nullo inpediente bellum iustum geremus. Sine dubio 15 perdidimus hominem magnificeque vicimus, cum illum ex occultis insidiis in apertum latrocinium coniecimus. 2 Quod vero non cruentum mucronem, ut voluit, extulit, quod vivis nobis egressus est, quod ei ferrum e manibus extorsimus, quod incolumes cives, quod stantem

'be busy.' in campo, what occasion is meant? See on I., 11. 16 ƒ. in curia, the Curia Hostilia, the original senate house; see Plan B. It was built by Tullus Hostilius.

5, 6. ipsum sua sponte, ultro, as sometimes in colloquial English. verbis prosecuti sumus, ironical; quote a similar ironical expression from I., 21. 43. What are the verba he speaks of ? 12. domesticos parietes, 'the Abiit, excessit, evasit, erupit, walls of our own houses.' Exthe four words are to be taken plain the difference in meaning in two pairs, i.e., with a slight between parietes and moenibus, pause after excessit; see on I., 1. 7. Loco motus est, he was 10. 8, and quote a parallel from forced from position (vantage I., 32. 26. There is no climax. ground)', a phrase borrowed from Nulla iam, 'no longer,' a little the gladiators' vocabulary; give more emphatic than non iam, 1. two other words from the same 9; cf. I., 16. 3. source, I., 15. 32-34.

9. domestici, 'civil.' Do not translate the word by 'domestic.' sine controversia = sine dubio, without doubt,' 'undoubtedly,' 'beyond question.'

14. bellum iustum, 'regular war,' i.e., against an open and declared enemy, opposed to 'tumultus' and latrocinium.' Sine dubio what phrase above? 10, 11. sica illa, 'the famous,' § 2. 18. nobis, abl. abs. ei... a common meaning of ille; for e manibus, cases? See on I., 16. sica, cf. I., 16. 35. versabitur, 35,

urbem reliquit, quanto tandem illum maerore esse 20 adflictum et profligatum putatis ? Iacet ille nunc prostratus, Quirites, et se perculsum atque abiectum esse sentit et retorquet oculos profecto saepe ad hanc urbem, quam e suis faucibus ereptam esse luget; quae quidem mihi laetari videtur, quod tantam pestem evo- 25 muerit forasque proiecerit.

11. Ac si quis est talis, quales esse omnes oportebat, 3 qui in hoc ipso, in quo exultat et triumphat oratio mea, me vehementer accuset, quod tam capitalem hostem non comprehenderim potius quam emiserim, non est ista mea culpa, Quirites, sed temporum. Inter- 5

20. quanto tandem, for position of interrogative clause cf. I., 16. 8f., for tandem I., 28. 14.

23. retorquet oculos, as a wild beast driven from its prey. The metaphor is continued in the next line.

24-26. quam et eam. quae quidem, ‘but it, on the contrary;' quidem is used in its socalled 'adversative' sense. quod

Explain case of Catilinam 1, verbis 5, monstro 6, moenibus 7, nullo 14, maerore 20, quam 24, mihi 25. Give the principal parts of erupit 6, vicimus 9, pertimescemus, motus est 12, depulsus est 13, geremus 14, perdidimus 15, extulit 17, extorsimus 19, perculsum 22.

First Part: Explanation of his conduct in permitting Catilina to escape, §§ 3-16.

§ 3. 2. in hoc ipso, ' in this very point.' Explained by the clause quod . . . comprehenderim 1. 3, 4. What

proiecerit, cf. quod .. extulit, 1. 17. Notice that the two clauses are precisely parallel, each depending upon a word of emotion' or 'feeling' (laetari, 1. 25, and maerore, 1. 20), and ex- 4. comprehenderim. plain the difference in the moods. mood should we expect? See on A. 321; G. 540, 541; H. 516, I. I., 3. 24; why the subj? See on and II; B. 286 1. foras. This § 2. 25. potius quam emiserim; so-called adverb and the related the subj. is due not to the quod form foris, are really plural but to potius quam, which in cases of the obsolete forae, Cicero is always followed by the -arum, meaning probably 'open- subj. of the act to be avoided, ings;' foras (acc.), therefore an- with or (usually) without ut; see swers the question whither ?' A. 332, b; G. 647, R. 4; H. 502 and foris (loc.) the question 2; B. 284 4. 'where?'

5, 6. non est ista, slightly ellip

fectum esse L. Catilinam et gravissimo supplicio adfectum iam pridem oportebat, idque a me et mos maiorum et huius imperii severitas et res publica postulabat. Sed quam multos fuisse putatis, qui, quae 10 ego deferrem, non crederent, quam multos, qui etiam defenderent! Ac, si illo sublato depelli a vobis omne periculum iudicarem, iam pridem ego L. Catilinam non modo invidiae meae, verum etiam vitae periculo 4 sustulissem. Sed cum viderem, ne vobis quidem om15 nibus re etiam tum probata si illum, ut erat meritus, morte multassem, fore ut eius socios invidia oppressus persequi non possem, rem huc deduxi, ut tum palam pugnare possetis, cum hostem aperte videretis. Quem

6

sustulis

12. iudicarem sem (1. 14): for tenses, see on I., 29.3.

tical; the real apodosis should be 'I tify,' sc. ea quae deferrem, not reply that;' for a similar ellipsis Catilinam. see on I., 16. 38. Interfectum esse, regular or irregular tense? See on I., 4. 14. et, that is,' the so-called 'explanatory' use of et to define a word or phrase by a more exact term. Here we would otherwise have an extreme instance of hysteron proteron, a reversal of the natural order of ideas.

...

13. invidiae . . . vitae periculo, at the risk of unpopularity at the peril of my life.' There is a slight change of standpoint; what should we expect for vitae? § 4. 14. vobis is contrasted with multos, 1. 9 and 10, and is dat. of ind. obj.

7-9. mos maiorum, see on I., 28. 15. huius imperii: for trans. 15-17. re . . . 6 probata as see on I., 12. 26. res publica, his guilt was not even then proved 6 the public interests.' This to you either.' si . . . multassem phrase, as all containing res, must fore ut . . . non possem: the always be translated according to sentence is thrown into the indirect the context. It seldom means form by cum viderem, the direct 'republic,' usually 'nation,' 'con- form being si multavero, non stitution,' 'politics,'' public life,' potero. The change of the protaetc. postulabat, why singular?sis is perfectly regular and that of 10. quae deferrem, 'the facts the apodosis is due to the lack of which I laid before them;' defer- a supine stem in posse. A. 288 f; rem is subj. by attraction; what attracts it?

G. 240, 1. 2; H. 537 3, note 1; B. 270 3. huc (= ad hoc) is explained

11. defenderent, 'tried to jus- by the clause ut. . . poɛsetis,

quidem ego hostem, Quirites, quam vehementer foris esse timendum putem, licet hinc intellegatis, quod 20 etiam illud moleste fero, quod ex urbe parum comitatus exierit. Utinam ille omnis secum suas copias eduxisset! Tongilium mihi eduxit, quem amare in praetexta coeperat, Publicium et Minucium, quorum aes alienum contractum in popina nullum rei publi- 25 cae motum adferre poterat; reliquit quos viros, quanto aere alieno, quam valentis, quam nobilis ! III. Itaque ego illum exercitum prae Gallicanis legi- 5 onibus et hoc dilectu, quem in agro Piceno et Gallico Q. Metellus habuit, et his copiis, quae a nobis cotidie comparantur, magno opere contemno collectum ex sen

19. quam vehementer, ironi- | the private citizen of full age was cal. foris: why not foras as in § 2. 26 ?

20. licet hinc intellegatis : what mood might have been used? See on I., 6. 8. hinc (: = ex hoc), explained by the clause quod . fero; cf. in hoc, 1. 2.

not dyed. Nothing more is known of the three men named here.

25. aes alienum, 'debt,' literally, other people's money.'

Explain the subj., accuset 3, crederent 10, sustulissem, viderem 14, possem 17, possetis, videretis 18, putem 20.

21, 22. parum comitatus. Sall. Cat. 32, says of Catilina's departure: nocte intempesta cum § 5. 1, 2. Gallicanis legionibus. paucis in Manliana castra pro- A small standing army was kept in fectus est. comitatus, voice? Gallia Cisalpina in view of possisee on I., 26. 14. exierit, mood? ble danger from the Gauls, and see on § 2. 25. omnis, acc. pl. Note the other ending in 1. 1.

23, 24. eduxisset: what kind of a wish is expressed by the pluperfect subj.? See on I., 22. 3. mihi, not to be translated. A. 236; G. 351; H. 389; B. 188 2 b). in praetexta, 'in boyhood.' The praetexta, or toga praetexta, had a purple border, and was worn by boys until about the seventeenth year, and by magistrates; the toga of

to these troops Quintus Metellus (as Praetor, p. 68, § 73) was adding reinforcements by a fresh levy; cf. Caesar I., 10. 3. agro Piceno et Gallico: point out upon Map II. The ager Gallicus is the district lying along the coast north of Picenum, and once held by the Galli Senones.

4, 5. collectum agrees with exercitum in l. 1. senibus desperatis, the veterans of Sulla (Creigh