M. TULLI CICERONIS

ORATIO IN CATILINAM TERTIA

AD POPULUM.

1. Rem publicam, Quirites, vitamque omnium ves- 1 trum, bona, fortunas, coniuges liberosque vestros atque hoc domicilium clarissumi imperii, fortunatissimam pulcherrimamque urbem, hodierno die deorum inmortalium summo erga vos amore, laboribus, consiliis, periculis 5 meis e flamma atque ferro ac paene ex faucibus fati ereptam et vobis conservatam ac restitutam videtis. Et si non minus nobis iucundi atque inlustres sunt ii 2 dies, quibus conservamur, quam illi, quibus nascimur, quod salutis certa laetitia est, nascendi incerta con- 10

TITLE: Tertia: read p. 34, 7, videtis: a general idea of §§ 58-60; review p. 31, §§ 50-55. the events of the morning and preAD POPULUM; see on Title of the ceding night had spread through Second Oration. the city, but particulars were wanting.

Exordium § 1-§ 3. 24: You are rejoicing over the safety of the city, and waiting to hear how that safety has been assured.

§ 1. 1, 4. Quirites: see on II. 1. 1. hodierno die = hodie; for date, see p. 35, § 59 ad fin.

8. Et si: as often the conditional clause cannot be distinguished in sense from a causal (quod, quia), so in English.

§ 2. 10. nascendi condicio, the terms of birth;' i.e., the lot into which we are born,

dicio, et quod sine sensu nascimur, cum voluptate servamur, profecto, quoniam illum, qui hanc urbem condidit, ad deos inmortalis benivolentia famaque sustulimus, esse apud vos posterosque vestros in honore 15 debebit is, qui eandem hanc urbem conditam amplificatamque servavit. Nam toti urbi, templis, delubris, tectis ac moenibus subiectos prope iam ignis circumdatosque restinximus, idemque gladios in rem publicam destrictos rettudimus mucronesque eorum a iugulis 3 vestris deiecimus. Quae quoniam in senatu inlustrata, 21 patefacta, comperta sunt per me, vobis iam exponam breviter, Quirites, ut, et quanta et quam manifesta et qua ratione investigata et comprehensa sint, vos, qui et ignoratis et expectatis, scire possitis.

25

Principio ut Catilina paucis ante diebus erupit ex

11. sensu, 'consciousness.' vo- mus, 'beaten down, turned aside,' luptate, a sense of pleasure,' the fencing terms. inlustrata, etc.: so-called 'pregnant' use of a word, the three participles are arranged the sense requiring an extension in the order of their importance of its strict meaning; for Eng- in Cicero's mind; in the order of lish examples, see Webster under time the series would be com'pregnant.' perta, patefacta, in senatu inlustrata.

12, 13. illum, qui: Romulus, deified under the name of Quiri- § 3. 21-23. per me, 'by my nus, and honored with a yearly agency,' a little more modest than festival on the 17th of February. a me or mihi. quanta . . . combenivolentia famaque, affec-prehensa sint: quanta is the tion and praise,' perhaps hendiadys. subject of the two passive verbs, 15, 16. is, qui, Cicero. tem- not of sint, to be supplied from plis, delubris, 'temples and them, but as this accumulation of shrines:' in this phrase the dis- interrogatives cannot be literally tinction is merely of size, though trans., turn thus: 'the imporstrictly the delubrum differed from tance, completeness, and method the templum in being dedicated to of these discoveries and proofs.' a particular divinity and implying always a building, or at least a shrine.

19, 20. rettudimus, deieci

Part first of the speech: the story of the arrest, 1. 25-§ 15. See p. 34, §§ 58, 59.

25-27. ut, in temporal meaning,

urbe, cum sceleris sui socios huiusce nefarii belli acerrimos duces Romae reliquisset, semper vigilavi et providi, Quirites, quem ad modum in tantis et tam absconditis insidiis salvi esse possemus. II. Nam tum, cum ex urbe Catilinam eiciebam (non enim iam vereor huius verbi invidiam, cum illa magis sit timenda, quod vivus exierit), sed tum, cum illum exterminari volebam, aut reliquam coniuratorum manum simul 5 exituram aut eos, qui restitissent, infirmos sine illo ac debiles fore putabam. Atque ego ut vidi, quos 4 maximo furore et scelere esse inflammatos sciebam, eos nobiscum esse et Romae remansisse, in eo omnes dies noctesque consumpsi, ut, quid agerent, quid moli- 10 rentur, sentirem ac viderem, ut, quoniam auribus vestris propter incredibilem magnitudinem sceleris minorem fidem faceret oratio mea, rem ita comprehenderem, ut tum demum animis saluti vestrae provideretis, cum oculis maleficium ipsum videretis. Itaque, 15 ut comperi legatos Allobrogum belli Transalpini et

so in § 4. 7 and 16. paucis ante suspension of clauses: see on II. diebus: how long before? See 17. 2. p. 31, § 51 ad fin. duces: name them, p. 32, § 54.

3. huius verbi invidiam, 'the prejudice aroused by this word,' i.e., eiciebam: see on II. 1. 4. illa (invidia), explained by quod exierit.

...

9, 10. in eo ut, 'in the effort agerent, molirentur: cf.

to.'
Mur. 82. 18.

13. minorem . . . oratio, ' my words gained less credence' than they deserved (see on II. 9. 3), or too little credence.'

14, 15. ut... videretis: while 4. sed, resumptive: what other the meaning is plain, a more logiword might have been used? See cal arrangement would have been, I. 9. 16. exterminari, 'put out ut oculis maleficium videretis quo(of the state),''banished;' the niam tum demum (i.e., cum . . . meaning 'exterminated' is not videretis) animis saluti vestrae found in classical Latin. provideretis.

§ 4. 7. ego . . . consumpsi 16. belli, tumultus: for dis(1, 10), an excellent example of tinction see on Mur, 22, 6,

tumultus Gallici excitandi causa a P. Lentulo esse sollicitatos, eosque in Galliam ad suos civis eodemque itinere cum litteris mandatisque ad Catilinam esse 20 missos, comitemque iis adiunctum esse T. Volturcium, atque huic esse ad Catilinam datas litteras, facultatem mihi oblatam putavi, ut, quod erat difficillimum, quodque ego semper optabam ab dis inmortalibus, ut tota res non solum a me, sed etiam a senatu et a vobis 5 manifesto deprehenderetur. Itaque hesterno die L. 26 Flaccum et C. Pomptinum praetores, fortissimos atque amantissimos rei publicae viros, ad me vocavi, rem exposui, quid fieri placeret, ostendi. Illi autem, qui omnia de re publica praeclara atque egregia sentirent, 30 sine recusatione ac sine ulla mora negotium suscepe

17. P. Lentulo: see p. 32, § 54. on his return, was successfully 19. cum litteris mandatis- defended by Cicero in 59, when que, 'with a letter and verbal prosecuted for misgovernment. directions.' Cicero exaggerates C. Pomptinum, two years later, here. The only letter addressed as propraetor of farther Gaul, to Catilina was written by Lentu- quelled an uprising of these same lus, and carried by Volturcius Allobroges, whose services to the (1. 20): the three letters carried by state at this crisis had secured the Allobroges were written by them no relief from the rapacity Cethegus, Lentulus, and Statilius, of the Roman governors. praeand addressed to the senate and tores: these officers were selected, people of the Allobroges. Lit- because they had the imperium: terae may denote a single epistle see p. 68, § 73; for their regular or several.

duties, p. 65, §§ 59, 60. amantissimos rei publicae: one word in English.

28, 29. qui cum ii. This causal relative clause, if unaccompanied by quippe, ut or utpote

23. ut tota: this ut is merely a repetition for the sake of clearness of the ut, 1. 22, a very common occurrence after intervening clauses. § 5. 25-27. hesterno die to mark its meaning, stands in heri, what day? L. (Valerium) classical prose before the principle Flaccum, after the expiration of verb. omnia nihil nisi, 'nothhis praetorship, went as propraetor ing but;' in this place 'all' would (see p. 68, §§ 73-75) to Asia, and, not give the sense.

runt et, cum advesperasceret, occulte ad pontem Mulvium pervenerunt atque ibi in proximis villis ita bipertito fuerunt, ut Tiberis inter eos et pons interesset. Eodem autem et ipsi sine cuiusquam suspicione multos fortis viros eduxerant, et ego ex praefectura Reatina 35 complures delectos adulescentes, quorum opera utor adsidue in rei publicae praesidio, cum gladiis miseram. Interim tertia fere vigilia exacta cum iam pontem 6 Mulvium magno comitatu legati Allobrogum ingredi inciperent unaque Volturcius, fit in Volturcius, fit in eos impetus; 40 educuntur et ab illis gladii et a nostris. Res praetoribus erat nota solis, ignorabatur a ceteris. III. Tum interventu Pomptini atque Flacci pugna, quae erat commissa, sedatur. Litterae, quaecumque erant in eo comitatu, integris signis praetoribus traduntur; ipsi

Sabine war. Cicero was its patronus, and so could confidently rely upon the devotion of its people.

31. advesperasceret: what | Reate was an ancient town of the kind of a verb? A. 167, a; G. Sabines, n. e. of Rome, which had 152, V; H. 337; B. 1551. pontem lost its independence in the third Mulvium, a bridge over the Tiber two miles from Rome at the beginning of the via Flaminia. It was built by M. Aemilius Scaurus in his censorship (109), and the name Mulvius may be a vulgar contraction for Aemilius.

36. opera, first declension, not from opus.

§ 6. 38. tertia vigilia: what time? cf. Caes. I. 12. 2.

35. praefectura Reatina,' the 4. integris signis, seals unprefecture of Reate.' A prae- broken,' proving that the Allobrofectura was a provincial town, ges had not tampered with the letgoverned by a magistrate (prae- ters. ipsi, in opposition to litterae, fectus), sent yearly from Rome. means the legates and Volturcius.