in M. Tullio neque his tempori- | Postquam res publica adolevit et 40 bus vereor: sed in magna civitate multitudine civium factiones va36 multa et varia ingenia sunt. Potest alio tempore, alio consule, cui item exercitus in manu sit, falsum aliquid pro vero credi: ubi hoc exemplo per senatus decretum consul gladium eduxerit, quis illi finem statuet aut quis moderabitur ?

37

luere, circumveniri innocentes, alia huiuscemodi fieri coepere, tum lex Porcia aliaeque leges paratae sunt, quibus legibus exsilium damnatis permissum est. Hanc ego causam, 41 patres conscripti, quo minus novom consilium capiamus, in Maiores nostri, patres conscripti, primis magnam puto. Profecto 42 neque consili neque audaciae um- virtus atque sapientia maior illis quam eguere, neque illis super- fuit, qui ex parvis opibus tanbia obstabat, quo minus aliena tum imperium fecere, quam in instituta, si modo proba erant, nobis, qui ea bene parta vix 38 imitarentur. Arma atque tela mi- retinemus. litaria ab Samnitibus, insignia magistratuum ab Tuscis pleraque sumpserunt; postremo quod ubique apud socios aut hostis idoneum videbatur, cum summo studio domi exsequebantur: imitari quam invidere bonis malebant. de eis postea ad senatum re39 Sed eodem illo tempore Graeciae ferat, neve cum populo agat: qui morem imitati verberibus animad- aliter fecerit, senatum existumare vortebant in civis, de condemna- eum contra rem publicam et salutis summum supplicium sumebant. tem omnium facturum."

Placet igitur eos dimitti et augeri 43 exercitum Catilinae ? Minume. Sed ita censeo: publicandas eorum pecunias, ipsos in vinculis habendos per municipia, quae maxume opibus valent: neu quis

M. TULLI CICERONIS

IN CATILINAM ORATIO QUARTA

HABITA IN SENATU.

1 1. Video, patres conscripti, in me omnium vestrum ora atque oculos esse conversos, video vos non solum de vestro ac rei publicae, verum etiam, si id depulsum sit, de meo periculo esse sollicitos. Est mihi iucunda 5 in malis et grata in dolore vestra erga me voluntas, Sed eam, per deos inmortales, deponite atque obliti salutis meae de vobis ac de vestris liberis cogitate. Mihi si

TITLE.

Oratio Quarta. III. § 29 a possible exception to

Read p. 35, §§ 61-67. It will be very helpful to the student to read the speech of Caesar printed here as an excursus to the Third Oration. If there is not time for this to be taken as a regular part of the work, it may be read at sight in the classroom, or even by the teacher to the class.

Exordium: This is no time to think of a consul's safety. the state itself is in danger (§§ 1-3). § 1. 1-3. omnium vestrum: see on I. 14. 21, and point out in

the rule there given. conversos: for the situation at this point see p. 38, § 67. vestro, with periculo, 1. 4. depulsum sit: the mood is due to the indirect statement.

4, 5. iucunda, grata: the former is used of anything causing pleasure, the latter of anything exciting gratitude.

6. sed deponite, put briefly for sed imploro ut deponatis: see on II. 22. 17. obliti, from obliviscor: how does it differ from obliti in II. 10. 26? salutis: for case, A. 219; G. 375; H. 406 II; B. 205, 206 b.

haec condicio consulatus data est, ut omnis acerbitates, omnis dolores cruciatusque perferrem, feram non solum fortiter, verum etiam lubenter, dum modo meis labori- 10 bus vobis populoque Romano dignitas salusque pariatur. Ego sum ille consul, patres conscripti, cui non 2 forum, in quo omnis aequitas continetur, non campus consularibus auspiciis consecratus, non curia, summum auxilium omnium gentium, non domus, commune per- 15 fugium, non lectus ad quietem datus, non denique haec sedes honoris umquam vacua mortis periculo atque insidiis fuit. Ego multa tacui, multa pertuli, multa concessi, multa meo quodam dolore in vestro timore sanavi. Nunc si hunc exitum consulatus mei di inmor- 20 tales esse voluerunt, ut vos populumque Romanum ex caede miserrima, coniuges liberosque vestros virginesque Vestales ex acerbissima vexatione, templa atque delubra, hanc pulcherrimam patriam omnium nostrum ex foedissima flamma, totam Italiam ex bello et vasti- 25

8-11. condicio consulatus: | crated for the time by the taking cf. III. 27. 3; 2. 10. Turn in of the auspices: see p. 71, § 84. English: if the consulship has curia . . . auxilium, because the been given me on these terms,' etc. senate had charge of all foreign laboribus, vobis: explain their affairs. case. pariatur: for mood see on II. 15. 16.

...

16-19. haec sedes, the curule chair (p. 64, § 51). vacua... § 2. 12-15. cui with vacua . . . insidiis: see on Mur. 79. 27. fuit, 1. 18, dat. of reference. multa concessi: the referforum... aequitas, because the ences are too vague to be fully praetors' courts were held in the understood, but see in general, forum or in adjacent buildings. p. 28, §§ 42. 48. meo quodam campus... consularibus: see dolore, with pain so to speak on Mur. 52. 3, and notice that the to myself:' see on Mur. 63. 29. campus Martius was not a tem- 22-24. virgines Vestales: see plum, i.e., a consecrated place (see on III. 9. 22. vexatione: there p. 71, § 86), but on the occasion of may be a hint at the charge against each consular election the part Catilina, mentioned p. 22, § 27. used for the purpose was conse- omnium nostrum: what might

tate eriperem, quaecumque mihi uni proponetur fortuna, subeatur. Etenim, si P. Lentulus suum nomen inductus a vatibus fatale ad perniciem rei publicae fore putavit, cur ego non laeter meum consulatum 30 ad salutem populi Romani prope fatalem extitisse? 3 II. Quare, patres conscripti, consulite vobis, prospicite patriae, conservate vos, coniuges, liberos fortunasque vestras, populi Romani nomen salutemque defendite; mihi parcere ac de me cogitare desinite. Nam primum 5 debeo sperare omnis deos, qui huic urbi praesident, pro eo mihi, ac mereor, relaturos esse gratiam; deinde, si quid obtigerit, aequo animo paratoque moriar. Nam neque turpis mors forti viro potest accidere neque immatura consulari nec misera sapienti. Nec tamen 10 ego sum ille ferreus, qui fratris carissimi atque amantissimi praesentis maerore non movear horumque omnium lacrumis, a quibus me circumsessum videtis. be substituted for the personal | tions but is common in the letters; pronoun here?

27-30. subeatur, laeter: these subjunctives are not due to the conditional sentence at all (see on I. 23. 17), but are to be explained independently; for the former see on II. 6. 6; for the latter on I. 24. 25. prope, as in III. 19. 25; here perhaps because.fatalis is generally used in a bad sense.

§ 3. 1. consulite vobis, 'consult for yourselves,' i.e., for your own interests: note the other meaning and construction of this verb in I. 13. 36. vobis is dat. of reference.

6, 7. pro eo ac mereor, according to my deserts.' pro eo ac

for ut occurs here only in the ora

the lit. is in proportion to this as etc.' relaturos gratiam, 'will repay,' 'requite;' used of either good or evil as in English: which here? si quid obtigerit, 'if anything happens;' a euphemism as in English for if I die,' in which meaning accidit is more common.

8-10. immatura consulari: see on III. 28. 25 ad fin. misera sapienti, a maxim of the Stoic philosophy which Cicero held up' for ridicule in the speech for Murena. ille ferreus, 'that man of flint,' i.e., that the Stoics look upon as their ideal. fratris, Q. Cicero, at this time praetor designatus.

11-13. omnium, those seną

Neque meam mentem non domum saepe revocat exanimata uxor et abiecta metu filia et parvulus filius, quem mihi videtur amplecti res publica tamquam ob- 15 sidem consulatus mei, neque ille, qui expectans huius exitum diei stat in conspectu meo, gener. Moveor his rebus omnibus, sed in eam partem, uti salvi sint vobiscum omnes, etiamsi me vis aliqua oppresserit, potius, quam et illi et nos una rei publicae peste 20 pereamus. Quare, patres conscripti, incumbite ad 4 salutem rei publicae, circumspicite omnes procellas, quae inpendent, nisi providetis. Non Ti. Gracchus, quod iterum tribunus plebis fieri voluit, non C. Gracchus, quod agrarios concitare conatus est, non L. Sa- 25

tors who were most friendly to him. lacrumis: both Greeks and Romans were accustomed to give way to their emotions with a freedom entirely inconsistent with our ideas of manly dignity. non saepe = minime saepe, Caes. I. 1. 3. Neque non saepe may therefore be translated, and often.'

14. uxor, Terentia, married about 77. filia, the dearly loved Tullia, now about 13 years old. parvulus filius, Marcus, about 2 years old: the diminutive here expresses tenderness. What did it express in Mur. 75. 10?

=

strument. We should say: 'in the general (una communi) destruction.' pereamus: for mood see on II. 3. 4. incumbite, nautical metaphor.

§ 4. Propositio: (a) The manifest guilt of the prisoners (§§ 4-6).

23. Non Ti. Gracchus: the negatives go closely with the nouns, and the tense of adducitur (1. 27) is emphatic: It is not a Tiberius Gracchus, for having, etc., not a Gaius Gracchus, for having, etc., that is now brought, etc.'

24, 25. iterum: in the time of the elder Gracchus a tribune could not legally succeed himself, and Tiberius, tribune in 133, was killed while trying to secure his re-election for the following year (Creighton, p. 58; Allen, pp. 156, 157; Myers, p. 80; Pennell, p. 96). C. Gracchus: see on I. 4. 1. agrarios, those interested in the

16, 17. ille. gener, C. Calpurnius Piso, Tullia's husband; but the date of their marriage is unknown. Piso was not a senator, and so must have been one of the guard of equites who surrounded the temple in arms, and were visible through the open doors. 20, 21. una peste, abl. of in- distribution of the public lands.'