Italiae, de universa re publica decernite diligenter, ut instituistis, ac fortiter. Habetis eum consulem, qui et parere vestris decretis non dubitet et ea, quae statueritis, quoad vivet, defendere et per se ipsum praestare possit. § 24. 21-24. universa re pub-consul's speech. per se ipsum ica, 'the public interests as a praestare, 'and warrant them whole.' instituistis, i.e., before (stand good for them) by himthe expression of opinion by the self;' the same thought as in suo senators was interrupted by the solius, 1. 16. 25 EXCURSUS IV. EVENTS FROM THE CONCLUSION OF THE DEBATE TO THE DEATH OF CATILINA. [Sallust, Cap. 55-57; 59-61. Text of Schmalz.] 55. Postquam, ut dixi, senatus | Ita ille patricius ex gente claris- 6 in Catonis sententiam discessit, suma Corneliorum, qui consulare consul, optumum factu ratus noc- imperium Romae habuerat, digtem quae instabat antecapere, ne num moribus factisque suis exitium quid eo spatio novaretur, tresviros, vitae invenit. De Cethego Staquae supplicium postulabat pa- tilio Gabinio Caepario eodem 2 rare iubet; ipse praesidiis disposi- modo supplicium sumptum est. tis Lentulum in carcerem deducit; 56. Dum ea Romae geruntur, 3 idem fit ceteris per praetores. Est Catilina ex omni copia, quam et in carcere locus, quod Tullianum ipse adduxerat et Manlius habueappellatur, ubi paululum asscen- rat, duas legiones instituit, colorderis ad laevam, circiter duodecim tis pro numero militum complet. 4 pedes humi depressus. Eum mu- Deinde, ut quisque voluntarius aut 2 niunt undique parietes atque in- ex sociis in castra venerat, aequasuper camera lapideis fornicibus liter distribuerat, ac brevi spatio iuncta, sed incultu, tenebris, odore legiones numero hominum explefoeda atque terribilis eius facies verat, cum initio non amplius 5 est. In eum locum postquam de- duobus milibus habuisset. Sed ex 3 missus est Lentulus, vindices omni copia circiter pars quarta rerum capitalium quibus prae- erat militaribus armis instructa, ceptum erat laqueo gulam fregere. ceteri, ut quemque casus armave 59. paululum commo rat, sparos aut lanceas, alii praea- | fugae neque praesidi ullam spem, 4 cutas sudis portabant. Sed post-optumum factu ratus in tali re quam Antonius cum exercitu ad- fortunam belli temptare, statuit ventabat, Catilina per montis iter cum Antonio quam primum confacere, modo ad urbem modo in fligere. Galliam vorsus castra movere, hostibus occasionem pugnandi non dare: sperabat propediem magnas copias sese habiturum, si Romae socii incepta patravissent. Interea servitia repudiabat, cuius initio ad eum magnae copiae concurrebant, opibus coniurationis fretus, simul alienum suis rationibus existumans, videri causam civium cum servis fugitivis communicavisse. ratus, signa canere iubet atque in- 57. Sed postquam in castra nuntius pervenit Romae coniurationem patefactam, de Lentulo et Cethego ceterisque quos supra memoravi supplicium sumptum, plerique, quos ad bellum spes rapinarum aut novarum rerum studium illexerat, dilabuntur, reliquos Catilina per montis asperos magnis itineribus in agrum Pistoriensem abducit eo consilio, uti per tramites occulte perfugeret in Gal2 liam Transalpinam. At Q. Metellus Celer cum tribus legionibus in At ex altera parte C. Antonius, 4 agro Piceno praesidebat, ex diffi- pedibus aeger quod proelio adesse cultate rerum eadem illa existu- nequibat, M. Petreio legato exermans, quae supra diximus, Catili- citum permittit. Ille cohortis ve3 nam agitare. Igitur ubi iter eius teranas, quas tumultus causa conex perfugis cognovit, castra pro- scripserat, in fronte, post eas pere movit ac sub ipsis radicibus ceterum exercitum in subsidiis montium consedit, qua illi descen- locat: ipse equo circumiens unum sus erat in Galliam properanti. quemque nominans appellat horNeque tamen Antonius procul abe- tatur rogat, ut meminerint se 4 rat, utpote qui magno exercitu contra latrones inermos, pro pa locis aequioribus expeditus tarda- tria pro liberis, pro aris atque 5 tos in fuga sequeretur. Sed Cati- focis suis certare. Homo milita- 6 lina postquam videt montibus ris, quod amplius annos triginta atque copiis hostium sese clau- tribunus aut praefectus aut legasum, in urbe res advorsas, neque tus aut praetor cum magna gloria in exercitu fuerat, plerosque ipsos | tatis, in confertissumos hostis infactaque eorum fortia noverat: ea currit ibique pugnans confoditur. commemorando militum animos accendebat. 61. Sed confecto proelio tum vero cerneres, quanta audacia quantaque animi vis fuisset in exercitu Catilinae. Nam fere quem 2 quisque vivos pugnando locum ceperat, amissa eum anima corpore 60. Sed ubi omnibus rebus exploratis Petreius tuba signum dat, cohortis paulatim incedere iubet; idem facit hostium exercitus. 2 Postquam eo ventum est, unde tegebat. Pauci autem, quos me- 3 a ferentariis proelium committi dios colors praetoria disiecerat, posset, maxumo clamore cum paulo divorsius, sed omnes tamen infestis signis concurrunt: pila advorsis volneribus conciderant. omittunt, gladiis res geritur. Catilina vero longe a suis inter 4 3 Veterani, pristinae virtutis me- hostium cadavera repertus est, mores, comminus acriter instare, paululum etiam spirans ferociamilli haud timidi resistunt: maxu- que animi, quam habuerat vivos, 4 ma vi certatur. Interea Catilina in voltu retinens. Postremo ex 5 cum expeditis in prima acie vor- omni copia neque in proelio neque sari, laborantibus succurrere, in- in fuga quisquam civis ingenuus tegros pro sauciis arcessere, omnia captus est: ita cuncti suae hosti- 6 providere, multum ipse pugnare, umque vitae iuxta pepercerant. saepe hostem ferire: strenui militis Neque tamen exercitus populi 7 et boni imperatoris officia simul Romani laetam aut incruentam 5 exsequebatur. Petreius ubi videt victoriam adeptus erat: nam strenCatilinam, contra ac ratus erat, uissumus quisque aut occiderat in magna vi tendere, cohortem prae- proelio aut graviter volneratus toriam in medios hostis inducit discesserat. Multi autem, qui e 8 eosque perturbatos atque alios castris visundi aut spoliandi gratia alibi resistentis interficit, deinde processerant, volventes hostilia utrimque ex lateribus ceteros ag- cadavera amicum alii, pars hospi6 greditur. Manlius et Faesulanus tem aut cognatum reperiebant; 7 in primis pugnantes cadunt. Cat- fuere item qui inimicos suos cogilina postquam fusas copias seque noscerent. Ita varie per omnem cum paucis relictum videt, memor exercitum laetitia maeror, luctus generis atque pristinae suae digni- atque gaudia agitabantur. M. TULLI CICERONIS PRO P. SULLA ORATIO AD IUDICES. 1 I. Maxime vellem, iudices, ut P. Sulla et antea dignitatis suae splendorem optinere et post calamitatem . TITLE. P. Sulla: read p. 38, more likely to secure their convic§§ 68-72, and review p. 23, §§ 30- tion. It provided, e.g., that the 32. Oratio. After a short intro- court should not adjourn for the duction (§§ 1, 2), in which Cicero public games or on dies nefasti urges the jury to follow his exam- (Mur. 28. 10; 22. 6), as was usual; ple of pity and mercy, the speech that a slave might be examined is divided into three parts. The against his master without the first part (§§ 3-35) is his justifica- latter's consent; that the jury tion of his own conduct in con- should be selected in a manner ducting the defence; the second far from advantageous to the depart (§§ 36-68) deals with the fendants. Just how the jurors charges against Sulla; the third were selected, we do not know; (§§ 69-88) argues from Sulla's past but it is probable that they were life; peroration, §§ 89-93. Ad editicii (Mur. 47. 22), and that the iudices. For the usual method usual time was not allowed the of conducting criminal trials, see defence for making the inquiries Exc. II. at the end of the Pro Mu- necessary to the effective use of rena. Sulla, however, was tried the right to challenge. under a special law, the Lex Lutatia de vi ('breach of the public § 1. 1, 2. vellem: for mood see peace'), — the date and provisions on II. 5. 11. dignitatis, the conof which are very uncertain. It sulship to which he had been was probably selected for the pros- elected. P. 23, § 30 ad init. optiecution of the conspirators, be- nere, 'maintain,' calamitatem, cause its rigor and severity seemed often applied to convictions which acceptam modestiae fructum aliquem percipere potuisset; sed quoniam ita tulit casus infestus, ut et amplissimo honore cum communi ambitionis invidia, tum singulari Autroni odio everteretur et in his pristinae fortunae reliquiis miseris et adflictis tamen haberet quosdam, quorum animos ne supplicio quidem suo satiare posset, quamquam ex huius incommodis magnam animo molestiam capio, tamen in ceteris malis 10 facile patior oblatum mihi tempus esse, in quo boni viri lenitatem meam misericordiamque notam quondam omnibus, nunc quasi intermissam agnoscerent, inprobi ac perditi cives redomiti atque victi praecipitante re publica vehementem me fuisse atque fortem, conser- 15 vata mitem ac misericordem faterentur. Et, quoniam 2 L. Torquatus, meus familiaris ac necessarius, iudices, entailed whole or partial loss of reference to the attacks already civil rights. made upon him, p. 39, §§ 69, 70. 5-7. cum tum: for the awkward use of the conjunction cum before an ablative (invidia, abl. of cause), see on IV. 15. 33. communi invidia, 'the jealousy that universally attends on the political career.' Autroni odio, 'the hatred felt for A.;' obj. gen. Throughout the whole speech Autronius is made to bear all the blame. tamen: the concession is implied in the phrase in . . . adflictis: see on IV. 23. 5. 8-10. quosdam, a reference to Torquatus and his father, p. 40, $ 72. 11-14. tempus, in quo: why is in necessary? quasi intermissam, almost suspended,' i.e., by the proceedings against Lentulus and his accomplices. This use of quasi (= 'almost,' 'so to speak') is common in Cicero. redomiti, found here only, and explained by a common word of similar meaning, as new or unusual words frequently are (cf. Caes. II. 8. 1; III. 15. 3). 16. mitem ac misericordem: supply esse from fuisse. § 2. 17. L. (Manlius) Torquaanimo, instr. abl.: the tus, p. 40, § 72. He was a close word is frequently used in Latin friend of Cicero, had prosecuted (see on IV. 17. 17), where it is not Sulla for bribery (p. 23, § 30), and, needed, and should not be trans- with his father, had taken an aclated in English. malis, 'in the tive part in the proceedings against midst of my other troubles,' al the conspirators. In the civil war |