1

10 vos, adulescentes, atque hoc meo iure praecipio, qui dignitatem, qui rem publicam, qui gloriam spectatis, ne, si quae vos aliquando necessitas ad rem publicam contra improbos civis defendendam vocabit, segniores sitis et recordatione mei casus a consiliis fortibus 52 refugiatis. Primum non est periculum, ne quis um16 quam incidat in eius modi consules, praesertim si erit iis id, quod debetur, persolutum. Deinde numquam iam, ut spero, quisquam improbus consilio et auxilio bonorum se oppugnare rem publicam dicet illis ta20 centibus nec armati exercitus terrorem opponet togatis; neque erit iusta causa ad portas sedenti imperatori, quare suum terrorem falso iactari opponique patiatur. Numquam denique erit tam oppressus senatus, ut ei ne supplicandi quidem ac lugendi sit 25 potestas, tam captus equester ordo, ut equites Romani a consule relegentur. Quae cum omnia atque etiam multo alia maiora, quae consulto praetereo, accidissent, videtis me tamen in meam pristinam dignitatem brevi tempore doloris interiecto rei publicae voce esse re

30 vocatum.

53

XXIV. Sed ut revertar ad illud, quod mihi in hac omni est oratione propositum, omnibus malis illo anno scelere consulum rem publicam esse confectam, pri

10. meo iure, because he had experienced in person the gratitude of the nation.

§ 52. 15-20. periculum, ne: see on Sull. 39. 41. iis, Piso and Gabinius: his would have meant the consuls for 56, Lentulus and Philippus. id, quod debetur, 'their deserts.' nec armati, etc., 'nor parade the bugbear of an armed army before peaceful citizens.'

Return after the Second Digression (§§ 36-52) to the interrupted First Digression on The Year 58.' (d) Further Unconstitutional Acts of Clodius, §§ 53-70.

§ 53 1-3. ut revertar: explain the clause. illud, defined by the clause omnibus . . . confectam below. oratione: see on § 14. 9. malis... scelere: notice the three uses of the ablative, side by side. primum: see on Sull. 63. 12.

mum illo ipso die, qui mihi funestus fuit, omnibus bonis luctuosus, cum ego me e complexu patriae con- 5 spectuque vestro eripuissem et metu vestri periculi, non mei, furori hominis, sceleri, perfidiae, telis minisque cessissem patriamque, quae mihi erat carissima, propter ipsius patriae caritatem reliquissem, cum meum illum casum tam horribilem, tam gravem, tam 10 repentinum non solum homines, sed tecta urbis ac templa lugerent, nemo vestrum forum, nemo curiam, nemo lucem aspicere vellet: illo, inquam, ipso die - die dico, immo hora atque etiam puncto temporis eodem mihi reique publicae pernicies, Gabinio et Pisoni pro- 15 vincia rogata est. Pro dei immortales custodes et conservatores huius urbis atque imperii, quaenam illa in re publica monstra, quae scelera vidistis! Civis erat expulsus is, qui rem publicam ex senatus auctoritate cum omnibus bonis defenderat, et expulsus non 20 alio aliquo, sed eo ipso crimine. Erat autem expulsus

6, 7. eripuissem, meaning on 1. 10. Pro dei: pro is an in'to take away with violence,' is terjection, and dei a vocative. followed in Cicero by e or de with 17-19. quaenam illa: in the abl. of the thing, or by the English we do not combine the dative of the person meaning interrogative and demonstrative 'to rescue from' it takes ex with the abl. perfidiae: for the fact § 15. 7. f.

pronouns, but insert a relative clause: 'what horrors, what criminal acts (see on II. 10. 14) [were] 13-16. lucem, as in Ep. XIX. those [which] you, etc.' senatus 1.8. illo, ipso die, repeated from 1. auctoritate, by authority of the 4: see on § 42. 14, and on Ep. III. senate.' auctoritas is not used 8. 111. die dico: for the figure in its technical sense (cf. § 32. 12), cf. § 17. 25. Notice the different but as a general term, to fix the verbs of saying used in this line. responsibility where it belonged: In the two uses they are not inter- cf. Sull. 87. 15; 21. 4. He speaks changeable. pernicies, pro- here of the resolution videant convincia rogata est: read Ep. VII. sules, etc. (p. 29, § 47), which in Int. Note (the bill referred to is I. 3. 30 he expressly terms a conthere marked II. (a) ) and the note sultum.

sine iudicio, vi, lapidibus, ferro, servitio denique concitato; lex erat lata vastato ac relicto foro et sicariis servisque tradito, et ea lex, quae ut ne ferretur, se54 natus fuerat veste mutata. Hac tanta perturbatione 26 civitatis ne noctem quidem consules inter meum interitum et suam praedam interesse passi sunt; statim me perculso ad meum sanguinem hauriendum et spirante etiam re publica ad eius spolia detrahenda advola30 verunt. Omitto gratulationes, epulas, partitionem aerarii, beneficia, spem, promissa, praedam, laetitiam paucorum in luctu omnium; vexabatur uxor mea, liberi ad necem quaerebantur, gener, et Piso gener, a Pisonis consulis pedibus supplex reiciebatur, bona 35 diripiebantur eaque ad consules deferebantur, domus ardebat in Palatio; consules epulabantur. Quodsi meis incommodis laetabantur, urbis tamen periculo commo

verentur...

6

22-24. sine iudicio: the prep- | money to the consuls for their osition governs but one of the fol- expenses in the provinces: cf. lowing abls., the position of the § 24. 35. beneficia, 'favors,' rest being awkward. The 'vio- such as promotions and appointlence, stones, etc.,' refer to the ments to places in the provinces, keeping of Cicero's friends from all of course in advance. the comitia, not to any attack upon his person. et ea lex, and a law at that, to prevent the passage of which, etc.' This is not quite accurate, as the first and general bill (Ep. VII. Int. Note I.') was not put upon its passage, and even the privilegium substituted for it was greatly modified (ib. 'II.' and 'II. (a)' ).

32-37. vexabatur, etc., p. 44, § 80. ad necem = ut occiderentur: for ad cf. Ep. III. 1. 10. Piso gener, a Pisonis: the relationship between the two (see on § 20. 32) increased the cruelty of the latter. Quodsi: comment upon quod. Give an example of its use with another particle: cf. Ep. XIV. 1. 4. incommodis, a euphemism: give illustration from Caes. I. 13.

§ 54. 29-38. etiam temporal: cf. IV. 10. 28; I. 1. 2. gratula- 4. commoverentur: for mood tiones, expressions of joy.' par- cf. restitisses, § 45. 2; for tense titionem aerarii, i.e., grants of see on Sull. 25, 18. .

6

XXV. Sed ut a mea causa iam recedam, reliquas illius 55 anni pestes recordamini (sic enim facillime perspicietis, quantam vim omnium remediorum a magistratibus proxumis res publica desiderarit), legum multitudinem cum earum, quae latae sunt, tum vero quae promulgatae 5 fuerunt. Nam latae quidem sunt consulibus illis tacentibus dicam? immo vero etiam adprobantibus, ut censoria notio et gravissimum iudicium sanctissimi magistratus de re publica tolleretur, ut collegia non modo illa vetera contra senatus consultum restitueren- 10 tur, sed ab uno gladiatore innumerabilia alia nova conscriberentur, ut remissis senis et trientibus quinta prope pars vectigalium tolleretur, ut Gabinio pro illa

Clodius pro

§ 55. 2-7. recordamini: mode ? | on § 32. 4. remissis senis et See on Ep. XIV. 3. 23. vim, trientibus, ' by the throwing off of ‘quantity,' 'number.' proxumis, the 6 asses.' Since the lex frumeni.e., of the year 57. multitu- taria of C. Gracchus (Creighton, dinem, in app. with pestes. In p. 59; Allen, p. 164; Myers, p. 81; strictness there should be more Pennell, p. 97) each citizen had than one appositive, but the enu- been supplied monthly with a fixed meration is interrupted by the ex- quantity of grain at the rate of 61 planation of the first and is not asses per bushel, about half-price afterwards resumed. latae sunt, in Cicero's time. promulgatae fuerunt, a good posed to make the grain absolutely example of the difference in force free, thereby diminishing the revbetween sum and fui with p. pass. enues of the state one-fifth. participles. The idea of fuerunt quinta pars = ; duae quintae may be brought out here thus: (partes) = ; quinque partes = 흉. ' remained mere projects.' See 13. pro illa Cilicia, etc.: in on I. 16. 10, and cf. Sull. 65. 8; accordance with regular custom 63. 19; III. 25. 34. tacentibus (see on IV. 23. 2.) the senate had dicam: cf. § 17. 25. fixed upon certain provinces for the consuls of 58 before their election: what provinces these were we do not know. When the result of the balloting made Piso and Gabinius consuls, Clodius in return for their support against Cicero carried a law giving to Piso

8-12. censoria notio, 'the stigma of the censors:' see p. 65, § 57.

Clodius' law allowed the censors to degrade a citizen only after a regular trial before the courts. et, that is:' see on II. 3.6. collegia vetera: see

...

sua Cilicia, quam sibi, si rem publicam prodidisset, 15 pactus erat, Syria daretur et uni helluoni bis de eadem re deliberandi et rogata lege potestas per novam legem fieret provinciae commutandae.

56

XXVI. Mitto eam legem, quae omnia iura religionum, auspiciorum, potestatum, omnis leges, quae sunt de iure et de tempore legum rogandarum, una rogatione delevit, mitto omnem domesticam labem; etiam exteras nationes 5 illius anni furore conquassatas videbamus. Lege tribunicia Matris Magnae Pessinuntius ille sacerdos expulsus et spoliatus sacerdotio est fanumque sanctissimarum atque antiquissimarum religionum venditum pecunia grandi Brogitaro, impuro homini atque indigno 10 illa religione, praesertim cum eam sibi ille non colendi, sed violandi causa adpetisset; appellati reges a populo, qui

the Gods was introduced into Rome in 204 from Pĕssinūs, the capital of Galatia. Brogitaro, the brother of Deiotarus, King of Galatia.

Macedonia and to Gabinius Cilicia (see on Ep. VII. 1. 10) instead of the provinces previously fixed by the senate. This was in itself unconstitutional; but he went a step farther, and by a second law gave to Gabinius Syria instead of Cilicia. 14, 15. prodidisset: for tense praesertim cum; the two meancf. § 39. 17. et as in l. 8.

10-11. religione, 'sacred office:' notice the different meanings of religio in l. 1, 8 and 10.

ings of this phrase have been given on Sull. 6. 28. In many places the meaning is doubtful, varying with the word or words with which we suppose it to be connected. So here, if it goes with venditum ... Brogitaro the meaning is 'and that, though;' if with indigno ... religione, especially as.' Explain the similar variation in Caes. I. 16. 6. appellati . . . a populo: by whose authority was the title regularly

§ 56. 1-9. eam legem, already discussed in § 33. 1 f. potestatum, 'civil offices:' see on Sull. 21. 6. de iure, de tempore: the former refers to the lex Aelia, the latter to the lex Fufia: see on § 33. 2-7. Lege tribunicia, i.e., by a plebiscitum (p. 59, § 29), whereas the senate had jurisdiction over foreign affairs (p. 74, § 97). Matris Magnae: the worship of the Great Mother of given? See Caes. I. 35. 2.