tentia dixit sese otii mei causa, ut omni populari concitatione defungerer, censere, ut ad senatus aucto25 ritatem populi quoque Romani beneficium erga me adiungeretur. Cum omnes certatim aliusque alio gravius atque ornatius de mea salute dixisset fieretque sine ulla varietate discessio, surrexit, ut scitis, Atilius hic Gavianus; nec ausus est, cum esset emptus, inter30 cedere; noctem sibi ad deliberandum postulavit. Clamor senatus, querellae, preces, socer ad pedes abiectus. Ille se adfirmare postero die moram nullam esse facturum. Creditum est; discessum est. Illi interea deliberatori merces longa interposita nocte duplicata est. 35 Consecuti dies pauci omnino Ianuario mense, per quos senatum haberi liceret; sed tamen actum nihil nisi de

25-29. beneficium, 'favor ;' when the question was next conoften used by Cicero of any action sidered: see p. 75, § 103, and cf. of the people in favor of a citizen. p. 61, § 40. socer. . . abiectus. Pompeius admitted that Cotta's Cicero calls this in one of his opinion was sound, but proposed to letters an old trick, and says it have the resolution of the senate was played on other occasions. ratified in the comitia. dixisset For the omission of the copula cf. agrees with alius, which is not Ep. IV. 3. 43. postero die: sc. strictly one of two subjects but senatus, i.e., the next day on merely in apposition with the which the senate could legally subject omnes. fieret . . . dis- meet. longa, because what the cessio: see p. 76, § 108. surre-tribune called a night really inxit: princp. parts? scitis, ad- cluded all the time that might dressed to those of the jurors who elapse before the next meeting were senators. Gavianus, not of the senate. really his agnomen, but used ironi- 35, 36. dies pauci: there were cally, as Cicero charged him with only seven or eight days in Janpassing illegally from the gens uary on which the senate was Gavia into the gens Atilia. accustomed to meet, though for

30-34. noctem ad deliberan-urgent reasons meetings could be dum, merely a cowardly way of held on some others. tamen, in vetoing the resolution, as all ac- spite of other matters needing tion would have to be taken afresh attention.

me. XXXV. Cum omni mora, ludificatione, calumnia 75 senatus auctoritas impediretur, venit tandem in concilio de me agendi dies, VIII Kal. Febr. Princeps rogationis, vir mihi amicissimus, Q. Fabricius, templum aliquanto ante lucem occupavit. Quietus eo die Sestius, is qui 5 est de vi reus; actor hic defensorque causae meae nihil progreditur, consilia expectat inimicorum meorum. Quid? illi, quorum consilio P. Sestius in iudicium vocatur, quo se pacto gerunt? Cum forum, comitium, curiam multa de nocte armatis hominibus 10 ac servis plerisque occupavissent, impetum faciunt in Fabricium, manus adferunt, occidunt non nullos, vulnerant multos. Venientem in forum virum opti- 76 mum et constantissimum, M. Cispium, tribunum pl., vi depellunt, caedem in foro maximam faciunt uni- 15 versique destrictis gladiis et cruentis in omnibus fori partibus fratrem meum, virum optimum, fortissimum meique amantissimum, oculis quaerebant, voce poscebant. Quorum ille telis libenter in tanto luctu ac desiderio mei non repugnandi, sed moriendi causa cor- 20 pus obtulisset suum, nisi suam vitam ad spem mei reditus reservasset. Subiit tamen vim illam nefariam consceleratorum latronum et, cum ad fratris salutem

6

§ 75. 1-11. calumnia, ‘trickery.'| night,' i.e., Fabricius (1. 4) found concilio: see on § 65. 20. tem- the strategic points already occuplum, the rostra: point it out on pied. servis plerisque, most Plan B. ante lucem, of course, of them slaves.' to anticipate the Clodians. nihil § 76. 20-22. corpus obtulisprogreditur, 'takes no step for- set suum, 'would have thrown ward,' 'remains passive:' case of himself upon:' corpus, as also nihil? illi, the Clodians. comi- animus, cf. § 71. 10, is often used tium: see on I. 15. 25, and point where a simple pronoun only is out the three places upon the plan. admissible in English. tamen: multa de nocte, 'in the depths of for its use cf. § 74. 36.

a populo Romano deprecandam venisset, pulsus e 25 rostris in comitio iacuit seque servorum et libertorum corporibus obtexit vitamque tum suam noctis et fugae praesidio, non iuris iudiciorumque defendit. 77 Meministis tum, iudices, corporibus civium Tiberim compleri, cloacas refarciri, e foro spongiis effingi san30 guinem, ut omnes tantam illam copiam et tam magnificum apparatum non privatum aut plebeium, sed patricium et praetorium esse arbitrarentur.

XXXVI. Nihil neque ante hoc tempus neque hoc ipso turbulentissimo die criminamini Sestium. Atqui vis in foro versata est. Certe; quando enim maior? Lapidationes persaepe vidimus, non ita saepe, sed nimium 5 tamen saepe gladios, caedem vero tantam, tantos acervos corporum extructos nisi forte illo Cinnano atque Octaviano die quis umquam in foro vidit? Qua ex concitatione animorum? Nam ex pertinacia aut constantia intercessoris oritur saepe seditio culpa

25, 26. servorum, etc.: these words in connection with 1. 5 above, show that the friends of Cicero as well as the Clodians expected and were prepared to use force. corporibus, as in 1. 20: to translate it here would give the idea that Quintus was covered by dead bodies, whereas he merely hid behind his retainers.

...

on account of the negative character of this clause. Notice the chiastic arrangement of the contrasted words. Clodius had borrowed the gladiators from his brother, who expected to use them at the funeral of a relative: see on Sull. 54. 17. Clodius' own gang was not large enough.

§ 77. 28-31. Tiberim: for the 2-9. Atqui vis, supposed obform, A. 56, a, 1; G. 60 2, a: B. jection of his opponent. tan38 1. non privatum . esse, tam, tantos: see on II. 19. 12, 'did not belong to a private citi- and supply the lacking clausė. zen or a plebeian (i.e., Clodius), Cinnano . . . die: see on III. but to a patrician and a praetor 24. 10, year 87. concitatione (his brother Claudius).' priva- animorum, 'from what clashing tum aut: the disjunctive aut is of passions:' sc. caedes orta est. used instead of et (cf. next line) pertinacia, constantia, 'wilful

atque improbitate latoris commodo aliquo proposito 10 imperitis aut largitione, oritur ex concertatione magistratuum, oritur sensim ex clamore primum, deinde aliqua discessione contionis, vix sero et raro ad manus pervenitur; nullo vero verbo facto, nulla contione advocata, nulla lata lege concitatam nocturnam sedi- 15 tionem quis audivit? An veri simile est, ut civis 78 Romanus aut homo liber quisquam cum gladio in forum descenderit ante lucem, ne de me ferri pateretur, praeter eos, qui ab illo pestifero ac perdito civi iam pridem rei publicae sanguine saginantur? Hic 20 iam de ipso accusatore quaero, qui P. Sestium queritur cum multitudine in tribunatu et cum praesidio magno fuisse, num illo die fuerit. Certe non fuit. Victa igitur est causa rei publicae, et victa non auspiciis, non intercessione, non suffragiis, sed vi, manu, 25

obstinacy and resolute determina- | denoting persons quisquam is used tion,' according to the standpoint as an adjective, with things it is of the speaker. intercessoris, the always a substantive. See on Sull. regular word for a tribune vetoing 58. 39. cum gladio: see on I. a bill see p. 66, § 62. 15. 25. ferri, as in § 73. 5. eos, 10-13. commodo. . . largi- not the gladiators only, but all the tione, 'when some advantage or followers of Clodius. rei publigain has been proposed to the cae sanguine, 'the life blood of ignorant:' explain the position of the state,' a reference to the realiquo proposito. concertatione sults of the unprincipled legislamagistratuum, a conflict be- tion of Clodius, and so not santween magistrates' of equal rank: guine civium. cum multitudine, see p. 63, § 49. discessione, cum praesidio, the specific acts 'division in the gathering.' ad covered by the lex Plautia de vi: manus, etc., does it come to see on Title, P. Sestio.

blows?'

24, 25. auspiciis, interces

§ 78. 16-22. An: explain the sione, suffragiis, the three conuse of this word in single ques- stitutional methods of preventing tions. veri simile est, ut: for the passage of a law: the first construction see on Sull. 57. 24; and second are explained in what for case of veri on I. 5. 31. civis, follows. vi, manu: see § 2. words 22,

homo quisquam: with

ferro. Nam si obnuntiasset Fabricio is praetor, qui se servasse de caelo dixerat, accepisset res publica plagam, sed eam, quam acceptam gemere posset; si intercessisset conlega Fabricio, laesisset rem publicam, 30 sed rei publicae iure laesisset. Gladiatores tu novi cios pro expectata aedilitate suppositos cum sicariis e carcere emissis ante lucem inmittas, magistratus templo deicias, caedem maximam facias, forum purges et, cum omnia vi et armis egeris, accuses eum, qui se 35 praesidio munierit, non ut te oppugnaret, sed ut vitam suam posset defendere?

79

xxxvII. Atqui ne ex eo quidem tempore id egit Sestius, ut a suis munitus tuto in foro magistratum gereret, rem publicam administraret. Itaque fretus sanctitate tribunatus cum se non modo contra vim et ferrum, 5 sed etiam contra verba atque interfationem legibus

26-29. obnuntiasset: see pected aedileship.' Clodius was p. 72, § 89. Fabricio, who had even then (Jan., 57) a candidate appointed the comitia. is prae- for the aedileship of 56, and so tor: referred to in § 77. 32. He certain to be elected that he could had announced his intention to collect a band of gladiators under watch the heavens, but before he the pretext of training them for could give the formal notice to the shows he expected to give. Fabricius his brother had cleared accuses eum: while Albiovanus the forum. quam. posset, (p. 47, § 87) was the nominal 'which it could have received accuser of Sestius (eum), every and groaned over,' i.e., a painful one knew that Clodius was behind but not fatal wound. conlega: him. Explain the subjunctives how many tribunes were on the in 11. 30-36. munierit, oppugside of Clodius ? naret: for change of tense see on II. 6. 3.

...

30-35. rei publicae iure, the law of the state,' i.e., however mischievous the acts they would § 79. 1-5. egit: for meaning have been constitutional: cf. the cf. § 71. 3. sanctitate trib.: see filibustering in congress. tu, p. 66, § 61 ad fin. interfationem, apostrophe to Clodius: cf. § 33.interruption:' see p. 68, § 72 ad suppositos, in- fin. legibus sacratis: see on troduced under cover of your ex- § 16. 15.

21. pro

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