sunt de suis civitatibus meriti, tanta hodie gloria sunt non in Graecia solum, sed etiam apud nos atque in ceteris terris, ut eos, a quibus illi oppressi sint, nemo 5 nominet, horum calamitatem dominationi illorum omnes anteponant. Quis Carthaginiensium pluris fuit Hannibale consilio, virtute, rebus gestis, qui unus cum tot imperatoribus nostris per tot annos de imperio et de gloria decertavit? Hunc sui cives e civitate eiecerunt; 10 nos etiam hostem litteris nostris et memoria videmus esse celebratum. Quare imitemur nostros Brutos, Ca- 143 millos, Ahalas, Decios, Curios, Fabricios, Maximos, Scipiones, Lentulos, Aemilios, innumerabiles alios, qui hanc rem publicam stabiliverunt; quos equidem in 15 deorum immortalium coetu ac numero repono. Amemus patriam, pareamus senatui, consulamus bonis; praesentis fructus neglegamus, posteritatis gloriae serviamus, id esse optimum putemus, quod erit rectissimum, speremus, quae volumus, sed, quod acciderit, 20 feramus, cogitemus denique corpus virorum fortium magnorumque hominum esse mortale, animi vero motus et virtutis gloriam sempiternam, neque, hanc opinionem si in illo sanctissimo Hercule consecratam videmus, cuius corpore ambusto vitam eius et virtutem 25

§ 142. 7-10. pluris: for case | belonged to the gens Aemilia. cf. Ep. XVII. 2. 20. Hunc sui: for the reflexive meaning 'his,' not their,' see on III. 27. 6.

opi

22-24. animi motūs, 'the activity of the mind.' neque: the negative goes with minus. nionem ... consecratam, 'this belief has become an article of faith (consecratam) in the person of the holy Hercules.' Pollux, Hercules, and Romulus (see on III. 2. 12) were believed to have passed directly into the number of the gods on account of the manly perfection of their lives on earth.

144

immortalitas excepisse dicatur, minus existimemus eos, qui hanc tantam rem publicam suis consiliis aut laboribus aut auxerint aut defenderint aut servarint, esse immortalem gloriam consecutos.

LXIX. Sed me repente, iudices, de fortissimorum et clarissimorum civium dignitate et gloria dicentem et plura etiam dicere parantem horum aspectus in ipso cursu orationis repressit. Video P. Sestium, meae 5 salutis, vestrae auctoritatis, publicae causae defensorem, propugnatorem, actorem, reum; video hunc praetextatum eius filium oculis lacrimantibus me intuentem; video T. Milonem, vindicem vestrae libertatis, custodem salutis meae, subsidium adflictae rei publicae, extincto10 rem domestici latrocinii, repressorem caedis cotidianae, defensorem templorum atque tectorum, praesidium curiae, sordidatum et reum; video P. Lentulum, cuius ego patrem deum ac parentem statuo fortunae ac nominis mei et fratris liberorumque nostrorum, in 15 hoc misero squalore et sordibus; cui superior annus idem et virilem patris et praetextam populi iudicio

PERORATIO or CONCLUSIO, purple border. The toga virilis §§ 144-147. (1. 16) was assumed at about the § 144. 3-6. horum: Sestius sixteenth year with a good deal of and his friends: see Exc. II. § 14. ceremony (see on Mur. 69. 10), defensorem ... actorem: the and was pure white. The toga three accusatives correspond re- praetexta again (1. 16) was worn spectively to the preceding geni- by magistrates (see p. 64, § 51). tives. reum, in predicate with Sestium. praetextatum, 'young.' Several important points in the life of the younger P. Lentulum (1. 12) are here referred to in connection with the toga, and its symbolism must be carefully noticed. The toga praetexta was worn by boys (see on II. 4. 24), and had a

Finally an old filthy toga (hac 'this present,' l. 17) was worn as a sign of sorrow (see Exc. II. § 14, and on § 26. 15) for friends in trouble.

15. superior annus, the year 57. This year the younger Lentulus had assumed the toga virilis, an act for which his father's consent was necessary (cf. § 6. 5

togam dederit, hunc hoc anno in hac toga rogationis iniustissimae subitam acerbitatem pro patre fortissimo et clarissimo cive deprecantem. Atque hic tot et 145 talium civium squalor, hic luctus, hae sordes susceptae 20 sunt propter unum me, quia me defenderunt, quia meum casum luctumque doluerunt, quia me lugenti patriae, flagitanti senatui, poscenti Italiae, vobis omnibus orantibus reddiderunt. Quod tantum est in me scelus? quid tanto opere deliqui illo die, cum ad vos 25 indicia, litteras, confessiones communis exitii detuli, cum parui vobis? Ac si scelestum est amare patriam, pertuli poenarum satis; eversa domus est, fortunae vexatae, dissipati liberi, raptata coniunx, frater optumus, incredibili pietate, amore inaudito maximo in 30 squalore volutatus est ad pedes inimicissimorum; ego pulsus aris, focis, deis penatibus, distractus a meis carui patria, quam, ut levissime dicam, corpore texeram;

and note), and had been elected | Lentulus at once put on mourning immediately after into the board to awaken sympathy for his absent of augurs (see p. 71, § 83 f.).

father. The bill did not come to a
vote, but was gradually forgotten
until in 55 the new proconsul re-
stored the king of his own motion.

17, 18. rogationis iniustissimae. During the consulship of Lentulus the senate had decreed that the proconsul to whom Cilicia should fall in 56 should restore to his throne the banished king of Egypt, Ptolemaeus Auletes (regis, qui § 57. 16). Cilicia fell to Lentulus, but he was prevented from carrying out the decree by the discovery in the Sibylline books (p. 73, § 91) of an oracle forbidding the king to be restored by force of arms. The matter caused a great deal of discussion, and finally the tribune C. Cato (see on Ep. VI. 15. 2) proposed a bill depriving Lentulus levissime dicam: for meaning of the commission. The younger cf. III. 17. 33.

§ 145. 25-33. quid . . . deliqui, 'what great sin did I commit ?' tanto opere, for the lacking adverb of tantus cf. Ep. XIV. 4. 37. illo die, Dec. 3d, 63: what occasion is referred to? parui vobis, i.e., the senate as represented by one-third of the jury. For the thought cf. § 53. 19; Sull. 87. 15; 21. 4. incredibili pietate: what slight irregularity in this use of the abl. of quality? Cf. Ep. XXI. 1. 4. ut

pertuli crudelitatem inimicorum, scelus infidelium, 146 fraudem invidorum. Si hoc non est satis, quod haec 36 omnia deleta videntur reditu meo, multo mihi, multo, inquam, iudices, praestat in eandem illam recidere fortunam quam tantam inportare meis defensoribus et conservatoribus calamitatem. An ego in hac urbe 40 esse possim his pulsis, qui me huius urbis conpotem fecerunt? Non ero, non potero esse, iudices; neque hic umquam puer, qui his lacrimis, qua sit pietate, declarat, amisso patre suo propter me me ipsum incolumem videbit nec, quotienscumque me viderit, in45 gemescet ac pestem suam ac patris sui se dicet videre. Ego vero hos in omni fortuna, quaecumque erit oblata, conplectar, nec me ab iis, quos meo nomine sordidatos videtis, umquam ulla fortuna divellet, neque eae nationes, quibus me senatus commendavit, quibus de 50 me gratias egit, hunc exulem propter me sine me vide147 bunt. Sed haec di immortales, qui me suis templis

Vos

advenientem receperunt stipatum ab his viris et P. Lentulo consule, atque ipsa res publica, qua nihil est sanctius, vestrae potestati, iudices, commiserunt. 55 hoc iudicio omnium bonorum mentes confirmare, inproborum reprimere potestis, vos his civibus uti optumis, vos me reficere et renovare rem publicam. Quare vos obtestor atque obsecro, ut, si me salvum esse voluistis, eos conservetis, per quos me recuperavistis.

§ 146. 40-47. possim: the con- | after his return from exile Cicero dition is implied in his pulsis. his, had gone directly to the Capitol Milo and Sestius. conplectar, (cf. Ep. XXIII. 5. 49) to give 'accompany.' meo nomine, as thanks for his recall. his viris, in Mur. 82. 14. Milo and Sestius. his . . . optumis, 'to find in these men most loyal citizens:' for this use of uti cf. Ep. XVIII. 2. 22; II. 18. 28.

§ 147. 51-56. suis templis, 'into their temples:' for case cf. Caes. II. 3. 3. On entering Rome

...

M. TULLI CICERONIS

PRO T. ANNIO MILONE ORATIO

AD IUDICES.

I Etsi vereor, iudices, ne turpe sit pro fortissimo 1 viro dicere incipientem timere minimeque deceat, cum T. Annius ipse magis de rei publicae salute quam de

TITLE. T. Annio Milone. The Oratio: Read p. 49, § 90. For name Milo was a common one for the rhetorical division of forensic gladiators, and was probably given speeches see on Sestius, TITLE, as a nickname in this case. His oratio. The present oration may real name was T. Annius Papi- be divided as follows: EXORDIUM anus: the second being derived §§ 1-6. CONFUTATIO §§ 7-22. NARfrom his grandfather, T. Annius RATIO §§ 23-31. CONFIRMATIO Luscus, who adopted him, the §§ 32-91. PERORATIO §§ 92-105. third from his father, C. Papius Notice that the Confutatio here Celsus. He was born at Lanu- precedes the Confirmatio and is vium, and in 57 married Fausta, separated from it by the Narratio. the daughter of the dictator Sulla. Ad Iudices. According to the In the same year he was tribune, arrangement of Pompeius (see along with Sestius, and came p. 49, § 90) 81 jurors were selected into collision with the ex-tribune by lot from 360 proposed by himClodius: see Sest. §§ 86-92. Fail- self. This number was reduced to ing in his attempts to bring Clodius 51 by challenge, of whom 18 were to trial, Milo collected his famous senators, 17 knights, and 16 triband of gladiators, and began the bunes of the treasury. series of street brawls and riots that ended in the death of Clodius and his own exile. Read p. 48, §§ 88, 89.

EXORDIUM, §§ 1-6. Part 1. §§ 1-3. 32. The orator is disturbed by the peculiar circumstances of