understood,) after appetens. [Rule, Participia cum fiunt, &c.]-Profusus, adj. 3. term. from profusus, a, um. [Rule, At si tres, &c.] Nom. sing. m. coupled by et (understood) with appetens. [Rule, Conjunctiones, &c.]-Sui, as alieni. Gen. sing. after profusus. [Rule, Adjectiva, quæ ad copiam, &c.]— Ardens, part. pres. from verb act. 2. conj. ardeo, es, si, ere, sum. [Rules, Præteritum per si, &c.; Si fit sum, &c.] Nom. sing. coupled with profusus. [Rule, Conjunctiones, &c.]-In, preposition governing an accusative case.-Cupiditatibus, noun subst. 3. decl. f. from cupiditas, tatis. [Rule, Nomen crescentis, &c.] Abl. pl. governed by in.-Satis, adverb of quantity. -Eloquentiæ, noun subst. 1. decl. f. from eloquentia, ወ. [Rule, Nomen non crescens, &c.] Gen. sing. after satis. [Rule, Quædam adverbia loci, &c.]Parum, adverb.-Sapientiæ, as eloquentiæ.-Vastus, adj. 3. term. from vastus, a, um. [Rule, At si tres, &c.] Nom. sing. m. to agree with animus. [Rule, Adjectiva, participia, &c.]-Animus, as above. Nom. sing. before cupiebat.-Semper, adverb.-Cupiebat, verb act. 3. conj. from cupio, is, ivi, ere, itum. [Rules, Fit pio, pi, &c.; Vi fit tum, &c.] Ind. imperf. 3. sing. to agree with animus. [Rule, Verbum personale, &c.]-Immoderata, adj. 3. term. from immoderatus, a, um. [Rule, At si tres, &c.] Acc. pl. n. (agreeing with negotia, understood,) after cupiebat. [Rules, Adjectiva, participia, &c.; Verba transitiva, &c.]-Incredibilia, as credibile, above. Acc. pl. n. coupled with immoderata. [Rule, Conjunctiones copulativæ, &c.]-Nimis, adverb.-Alta, as immoderata, and coupled with incredibilia.

Here, then, we may leave the scholar to work for himself; and, trusting that he will find no great difficulty with the occasional assistance afforded in the notes, let him be advised to make out every word with diligence and accuracy.

W. T.

C. SALLUSTII CRISPI

CATILINA;

SEU,

BELLUM CATILINARIUM.

i. OMNES homines, qui sese student (1) præstare cæteris animalibus, summâ ope niti decet, ne vitam silentio transeant, veluti pecora; quæ natura prona (2) atque ventri obedientia finxit. Sed nostra omnis vis in animo et corpore sita est. Animi imperio, corporis servitio, magis utimur: alterum nobis cum dîs, alterum cum belluis, commune est. Quò mihi rectius videtur, ingenii quàm virium opibus gloriam quærere; et, quoniam vita ipsa, quâ fruimur, brevis est, memoriam nostri (3) quàm maximè longam efficere. Nam divitiarum et formæ gloria fluxa atque fragilis est; virtus clara æternaque habetur. Sed diu magnum inter mortales certamen fuit, vine corporis, an virtute animi, res militaris magis procederet. Nam et priùs, quàm incipias, consulto; (4) et, ubi consulueris,

front serene, Govern the rest. In opposition to endued with reason, we have here obedientia ventri; i. e. subservient to the belly, or the slaves of appetite.

3. Memoriam nostri. Not our memory, but the memory of us. Otherwise it would be the possessive pronoun nostram; not the genitive of the primitive. [Rule: Mei, tui, sui, &c.]

4. Consulto; deliberation: mature facto; expedition: for consuli, fieri. The ablative of the participle is frequently used after opus, by the common rule, instead of the infinitive or the supine in u. Liv. i. 58. Ita facto et maturato opus est. Nepos Eum. 9. Quæritur quid opus sit facto.

B

maturè facto opus est. Ita utrumque, per se indigens, alterum alterius auxilio veget. (1)

2. Igitur initio Reges (nam in terris nomen imperii id primum fuit) diversi, pars (2) ingenium, alii corpus, exercebant. Etiam tum vita hominum sine cupiditate agitabatur: sua cuique satìs placebant. Postea verò quàm in Asiâ Cyrus, in Græciâ Lacedæmonii et Athenienses cœpêre urbes atque nationes subigere; lubidinem dominandi, causam belli habere; maximam gloriam in maximo imperio putare: tum demum periculis atque negotiis (3) compertum est, in bello plurimùm (4) ingenium posse. Quòd si regum atque imperatorum animi virtus in pace ita, utì in bello, valeret, æquabiliùs atque constantiùs sese res humanæ haberent; neque aliud aliò ferri, (5) neque mutari ac misceri omnia, cerneres. Nam imperium facilè iis artibus retinetur, quibus initio partum est. Verùm, ubi pro labore desidia, pro continentiâ et æquitate lubido atque superbia invasêre; fortuna simul cum moribus immutatur. Ita imperium semper ad optimum quemque à minùs bono transfertur. Quæ homines arant, (6) navigant, ædificant, virtuti omnia parent. Sed multi mortales, dediti ventri atque somno,

1. Veget: that is, vegetum est; flourishes, is promoted. In this sense Varro: viget, veget utpote quam plurimum. Ennius uses the verb in an active signification: æquora falsa veges ingentibus ventis. Although the word is very rare, there is no necessity to alter it into eget, as some have proposed. In that case, auxilio would be the governed ablative; [Rule: Fungor, fruor, &c.] it is now the ablative of the cause.

2. Pars. A noun of multitude, and in apposition with reges. The more regular construction would be regum diversorum ; because of the nouns partitive.

3. Periculis atque negotiis. By peril and experience; or, probably, by a figure called Hendiadys, by perilous experience. See Grammar. The syntax is the ablative of the

cause or means.

4. Plurimum posse. Is of most avail. In the construction the

conjunction that is understood. [Rule: Verba infiniti modi, &c.]

5. Aliud alio ferri. Tossed hither and thither; i. e. passing from the possession of one person into that of another. The order is: Neque cerneres omnia ferri aliud alio, &c. This use of aliud alio, aliud alii, and the like, in apposition or otherwise, is very usual. We have it again im mediately at the end of this chapter.

6. Quæ homines arunt, &c. That is, Agriculture, navigation, architecture; expressed by a peri. phrasis or circumlocution. The same sentiment is found in Apuleius; de Mundo, p. 27. Omne humanæ vitæ præsidium ingenio ejus est paratum; cultus agrorum, usus frugum, artificum solertia, proventus artium, commoditatesque vitæ humanæ. After parent the dative virtuti is used by Rule: Verba imperandi, &c.

indocti incultique, vitam sicuti peregrinantes transiêre : quibus, profectò contra naturam, corpus voluptati, anima oneri fuit. Eorum ego vitam mortemque juxtà æstumo : quoniam de utrâque siletur. Verùm enimverò is demum mihi vivere et frui animâ videtur, qui, aliquo negotio intentus, præclari facinoris aut artis bonæ famam quærit. Sed in magnâ copiâ rerum, aliud alii natura iter ostendit.

3. Pulchrum est benè facere reipublicæ; etiam benè dicere haud absurdum est. Vel pace, vel bello, (1) clarum fieri licet et qui fecêre, et qui facta aliorum scripsêre, multi laudantur. Ac mihi quidem, tametsi haud quaquam par gloria sequatur scriptorem et auctorem rerum: tamen in primis arduum videtur, res gestas scribere: primùm, quòd facta dictis sunt exæquanda : (2) dein, quia plerique, quæ delicta reprehenderis, malevolentiâ et invidiâ dicta putant; ubi de magnâ virtute atque gloriâ bonorum memores, quæ sibi quisque facilia factu putat, æquo animo accipit; supra ea, veluti ficta, pro falsis ducit. Sed ego adolescentulus, initio, sicuti plerique, studio ad rempublicam latus sum: ibique mihi multa adversa fuêre. Ñam pro pudore, pro abstinentiâ, pro virtute; audacia, largitio, avaritia, vigebant: quæ tametsi animus aspernabatur, insolens malarum artium; (3) tamen inter tanta vitia imbecilla ætas, ambitione corrupta, tenebatur. Ac me, (4) cùm ab reliquis malis moribus dissentirem, nihilominus honoris cupido, eadem, quæ cæteros, fama atque invidia vexabat.

4. Igitur, ubi animus ex multis miseriis (5) atque periculis requievit, et mihi reliquam ætatem à republicâ procul habendam decrevi, non fuit consilium socordiâ atque desidia bonum otium conterere neque verô agrum colendo, aut venando, servilibus officiis (6) intentum, æta

1. Pace vel bello. In the time of peace or war; part of time in the ablative.

2. Dictis sunt exæquanda. To be equalled by the language; i. e. to be expressed in language worthy of them.

3. Insolens malarum artium. So in Tacit. Hist. i. bellorum insolens. [Rule: Adjectiva, quæ significant desiderium, &c.]

4. Me. The accusative after the verb vexabat, at the end of

the chapter. The nominatives are cupido, fama, atque invidia.

5. Ex multis miseriis. After many miseries.

6. Servilibus officiis. Sallust has been severely blamed for designating agriculture and hunting as servile employments. But he is merely speaking of them as requiring the service of the body rather than of the mind; and as such of an inferior order to the pursuits of literature and science.

tem agere: sed, à quo incepto studioque me ambitio mala detinuerat, eodem regressus, statui res gestas populi Romani carptìm,(1) utî quæque memoriâ digna videbantur, perscribere eò magis, quòd mihi à spe, metu, partibus reipublicæ, animus liber erat. Igitur de Catilinæ conjuratione, quàm verissimè potero, paucis absolvam: (2) nam id facinus in primis ego memorabile existimo, sceleris atque periculi novitate. (3) De cujus hominis moribus pauca priùs explananda sunt, quàm initium narrandi faciam.

5. LUCIUS CATILINA, nobili genere natus, fuit magnâ vi (4) et animi et corporis, sed ingenio malo pravoque. Huic ab adolescentiâ bella intestina, cædes, rapinæ, discordia civilis, grata fuêre: ibique juventutem suam exercuit. Corpus patiens inediæ, (5) algoris, vigilia, supra quàm cuiquam credibile est : animus audax, subdolus, varius, (6) cujus rei libet(7) simulator ac dissimulator: alieni appetens, sui profusus; ardens in cupiditatibus: satìs eloquentiæ, sapientiæ parum : vastus animus immoderata, incredibilia, nimis alta semper cupiebat. Hunc, post dominationem L. Sullæ, (8) lubido maxima invaserat reipublicæ capiendæ neque id quibus modis assequeretur, dum sibi regnum pararet, quidquam pensi (9) habebat. Agita

He calls them so, in fact, in reference to the argument which he has been all along maintaining in favour of the superiority of mental over bodily exertions; and many of the philosophers were of the same opinion with himself.Officiis is the dative after the passive participle intentum.

1. Carptim. At intervals; i. e. not in a regular or connected order. Some read strictim, which is not what Sallust means: and carptim is found similarly employed by other authors. Ammian. Marcel. xvi. 7. Carptim ejus præcipua memorabo. xxvii. 1. Carptim, ut quæque memoria digna sunt, explanabo.

2. Absolvam. I will relate, viz. the history. As absolvere is an active verb, historiam must be supplied as an accusative.

3. Novitate. On account of the novelty: the ablative of the cause.

4. Fuit magna vi. Vir is understood; and magna vi is the ablative case of the quality. [Rule: Substantivum cum adjectivo, &c.] In examples of this kind there seems to be an ellipsis of præditus, or some like word.

5. Patiens inediæ. So Cic. Cat. i. 9.

6. Varius. Versatile, ingenious.

7. Cujus rei libet. For cujuslibet rei. A separation of this kind is called Tmesis. The difference between simulator and dissimulator is well marked in the following Pentameter line : Quod non es simulas, dissimulasque quod

es.

8. L. Sullæ. This was Sylla, surnamed Felix, or the Fortunate. See Lempriere's Class. Dict.

9. Pensi. One of those nouns which, like flocci, nauci, &c. follow verbs of valuing in the geni