that others will be created by a Parliamentary grant. Nor is it at all improbable that the result may be such as we have suggested. It is evidently anticipated by the noble duke; for, after stating that the means of providing for the spiritual wants of the people must proceed, in the first instance, from the Church, he adds, "and that they must be exhausted before the public was called on for other means." None of the enemies of the Church can allege that the incomes of the parochial clergy are too great; consequently the only available resources from the Church must be derived from the bishoprics and the cathedrals. By the present bill, therefore, and the arrangements previously made respecting bishopricks, all that the Church can do has been done. We may, therefore, now expect that something will be done by the State.

There are other questions, of no small importance, which we must reluctantly leave until our next Report. We allude especially to the state of Religion and the Church in the Colonies, and the subject of Education at home. In our next number these matters shall not be overlooked.

General Literature.

Unitarianism tried by Scripture and Experience: a Compilation of Treatises and Testimonies in Support of Trinitarian Doctrine and Evangelical Principles, with a General Introduction. By a LAYMAN. London Hamilton, Adams, and Co. 1840.

AN answer to the question, Why are you not a Socinian? by the late Rev. Joseph Freeston-Joseph John Gurney on the Trinity, on Sin original and actual, on the Deity of Christ, on Redemption-A Narrative of the renunciation of Unitarian and the adoption of Trinitarian sentiments, by the late J. E. Slack, M.D., of Bristol-The essential passages of a letter addressed by the Rev. P. E. Butler, B.A., to the Unitarians of Ipswich, on the occasion of the Rev. Joseph Ketley's renunciation of Unitarianism A Letter on the Atonement of Christ, and the expiatory nature of his sufferings, by W. T. Blair, Esq.-Mrs. Hemans' dying testimony to the inestimable value and supporting efficacy of the atonement-Extracts from a Letter addressed by the Rev. Charles Leslie, M.A. to a Deist-Letter by the Chancellor D'Aguesseau on Christian Mysteries-Lord Bacon's Theological Creed. Such are the contents (of which there ought to be an index in the volume) of this compilation. They speak for themselves, and all that is necessary for us to add is,

that there is a very useful, sound, and well written conclusion by the compiler.

A Numismatic Manual. By JOHN YONGE ACKERMAN, F.S.A. London: Taylor and Walton. 1840.

WE have long looked for a work on Numismatics which might give so much information as every well-educated man ought to possess, be free from vulgar errors, and at the same time be within the reach of the general reader. Just such a book has Mr. Ackerman given us; and in order to show the unskilled in Numismatology the interest as well as the importance of the subject, we must beg them to follow us in a few brief remarks on this admirable "manual." It is divided into five parts: the first treating of the Greek coins of cities and princes; the second of Roman coins; the third of Anglo-Saxon and English; the fourth of Anglo-Gallic; and the fifth of Irish and Scotch coins. We shall pass over the first section very briefly, only remarking that the beautiful medal of Camarina, which serves as a vignette to the title page, does evidently, as Mr. Ackerman observes, represent the lake personified, and not Venus or Leda—a female figure of the most exquisite proportions is seen floating over the waves, reposing on the back of a swan, whose wings are raised on each side to render her seat secure, and whose neck she clasps with one arm. With the other she holds the end of her robe, which, filled with the light winds, swells into graceful folds beyond the swan's neck. A dolphin attends the lovely divinity; the legend is simply KAMAPINA. A little reflection will prove

that this cannot be Leda.

We pass on to the Roman series, of which there is a sufficiently ample account. The gradual improvement in the medallic art from the times of the triumvirate to the reign of Hadrian is noticed, and its declension from that period. But the era of Diocletian was an epoch in its history; and we find not only that the silver coinage, which had gradually degenerated into bad billon, and from bad billon to washed copper, was restored to its former standard, but the second brass was again struck, though somewhat thinner than the first 20 Emperors. Nor were these the only improvements: the imperial series, which from Valerian to Diocletian (including, together with empresses and usurpers, coins of no fewer than thirty persons) is miserably defective in execution as well as base in quality, was raised by the last-named prince, not only to purity of metal, but to neatness of workmanship. We look, however, in vain, for those bold outlines, those highly-raised figures, which adorn the coinage of a better period; a tame neatness is the unvarying

substitute. There are a few beautiful coins among the small brass of Constantine; but after his reign the Roman mint does as little credit to the age as our mint does to the nineteenth century. We must express our wonder at an error, which is probably after all one of the printer, and not chargeable on Mr. Ackerman. He states that the third brass of Carausius are rare (R. 1 to 8). Now they are common to excess; few coins are more so they may be positively purchased by the bushel for two-pence or three-pence each. But the coinage of this imperial pirate will receive more general attention shortly, as Mr. C. R. Smith is engaged in preparing a work on the subject.

The third part of the " Numismatic Manual" treats of British, Saxon, and English coins; and on this part we must say a few words, to express our admiration at the way in which Mr. Ackerman has compressed into a small space so large a quantity of information. The English coins are interesting not only historically, but from the beauty of their scriptural legends. The groats and half-groats, from their origin in the reign of Edward I. or III., bore the words POSVI DEUM ADIVTOREM MEVM (I have placed my trust in God); a fit motto for the victorious Plantagenets, and which we find with pleasure continued to the reign of Elizabeth. When James I., on his accession, united the kingdoms of England and Scotland, he signalized the event by striking shillings and sixpences with the significant legend, QVÆ DEVS CONIVNXIT. NEMO SEPARET; and when the gunpowder plot was discovered and baffled, he adopted the equally significant one EXURGAT. DEVS. DISSIPENTUR INIMICI. Another coin of James, bearing reference to the fact that, as Henry VII. had united the rival roses of York and Lancaster, so he had united the rival kingdoms of England and Scotland, has the legend HENRICUS ROSAS REGNA JACOBUS. The coins of his unfortunate successor are highly interesting: the larger silver has CHRIsto avspice REGNO, and the smaller ones IVSTITIA THRONVM FIRMAT. The pennies, which from the earliest times down to Edward I. bear the names of the minter and the place of coining, and from Edward I. to Henry VII. the place only, as CIVITAS LONDON. CIVITAS. CANTOR., bear, from the reign of Henry VIII. to that of Charles I., the singular legend,

Hor E or M., or P. ET. M. or J. or C.D.G. ROSA SINE SPINA.;

referring, in the case of Henry VIII., to the union with the Yorkist and Lancastrian roses, whereby the thorns, that is rivals, were removed. The base silver of Edward VI. bears the text, TIMOR DOMINI FONS VITÆ, and during the reigns of that prince and his father the coinage was in a deplorable condition. An amusing anecdote is told of Bishop Latimer, who referred to

the base shilling in a sermon preached before the king; this gave great offence, and he was charged with disloyalty:

"We have now," says he, "a very prety little shyllyng indede, a very prety one. I have but one I thynke in my purse, and the last day I had put it away almost for an old groat, and so I trust some will take them. The fineness of the silver I cannot see, but therein is written a fine sentence, that is TIMOR, &c. I would this sentence were always printed in the heart of the king in choosing his wife, and in all his officers."

The accusation of disloyalty he repelled in another sermon, delivered at the end of the month. The style is, as Mr. Ackerman justly observes, so singular and characteristic, that we cannot pass it without a quotation :-

"Thus they burdened me ever with sedition, and wot ye what? I chaunced, in my last sermon, to speak a merry word of the new shilling to refresh my auditory, how I was like to have put away my new shilling for an old groat. I was herein noted to speak seditiously; yet I can comfort myself in one thing, that I am not alone, and that I have a fellow-a companion of sedition-and wot ye who is my fellow? Esay the prophet. I spake but of a little pretty shilling, but he speaketh to Jerusalem after another sort, and was so bold as to meddle with their coin: Thou proude, thou covetous, thou hautie city of Jerusalem-Argentum tuum versum est in scoriam-thy silver is turned into what? Into testoons? In scoriam. Into dross.' Ah, seditious wretch what had he to do with the mint? Why should he not have left that matter to some master of policie to reprove?"-p. 283.

The coinage of the commonwealth (which bore on one side, the obverse, THE COMMONWEALTH OF ENGLAND. round a shield charged with St. George's Cross, and on the reverse GOD. WITH VS. round two shields, one as on the obverse, and the other charged with the Irish harp) gave rise to the remark, no less witty than true, that God and the Commonwealth were on different sides. Nor are the legends of the gold coins less interesting the first coin struck for circulation in that metal among us has the pious legend DOMINE. NE. IN. FURORE. TVO. ARGUAS. ME.; this coin is the florin. The noble bears the singular legend, I.H.S. AUTEM. TRANSIENS. PER MEDIUM. ILLORUM On the coins of succeeding monarchs we find the following texts, or religious legends: PER CRUCEM TUAM SALVA NOS

IBAT.

XTE. REDEMPTOR-LUCERNA. PEDIBUS MEIS. VERBVM. TUUM— INIMICOS. EIVS. INDUAM. CONFUSIONE-SCUTUM. FIDEI. PROTEGIT EVM-A. DOMINO. FACTUM. EST. ISTUD. ET. EST. MIRABILE. IN

OCULIS. NOSTRIS. Then again by James I., FACIAM. EOS. IN GENTEM. UNAM--by Charles I., FLORENT CONCORDIA REGNA; and AMOR POPULI PRÆSIDIUM REGIS, and the more just and

pious sentiment CULTORES SUI DEUS PROTEGIT; but we might go on for many pages, were we only to give the interesting legends of the English coin. We pass to the copper coinage just to notice the St. Patrick's halfpenny and farthing; the former of which is extremely rare: they were struck by the Irish Papists, to commemorate the massacre of 1641, and bear on the obverse the hypocritical legend, FLOREAT REX., and on the halfpenny the equally hypocritical one, ECCE GREX, while the farthing has the legend, marked by a still more disgusting affectation, QVIESCAT. PLEBS. This almost reminds us of the American medal of Franklin, which has the following truly blasphemous inscription, on the reverse, ERIPUIT. FULMEN. CÆLO. SCEPTRUMQUE. TYRANNIS. We conclude with remarking that the value of the farthing of Queen Anne (that of 1714) is about five shillings. Mr. Ackerman's work is both valuable and seasonable: we wish it, what we are quite sure it will meet with, a ready and extensive sale.

The English Mother; or, Early Lessons on the Church of England. By a LADY. London: Burns. 1840.

WE have met with many attempts to instil into the youthful mind correct ideas concerning that branch of Christ's Catholic Church of which we rejoice in being members, and but few of these attempts are altogether successful. Some err in one respect, some in another; and however uncourteous it may seem to say so, we really wish that ladies would find other employment than theological writing. In the little book before us we have, it is true, much that is very good; but there is, not a mere confusion between the visible and invisible Church, but an assertion that they are both one. The author supposes that the visible Church consists of all sincere Christians; an error which we never remember to have met with before.

A Hand-book for the Churches; or, an Argument in a Nutshell about the Things of the Church, addressed to the Children of the Kingdom. By a LABOURER FOR PEACE. Edinburgh: Printing and Publishing Co. 1840.

THE Author of the "Handbook for the Churches" is a man of Christian feeling, but of very little knowledge of Christian antiquities. He affords a proof that it is very easy, with a small degree of information, to close up questions in a nutshell; but a little larger degree will show that the question in point is too expansive for the nutshells of such reasoners.