Glutamine Metabolism in Mammalian Tissues

2-oxoglutarate a-ketoglutarate acidotic acivicin activity of glutaminase alanine amino acids ammonia production ammonium ions arterial aspartate bicarbonate Biochem Biochim Biophys Acta Biol Chem brain carbon cells citrulline cultured Curthoys NP decreased dexamethasone effect enzyme excretion glucagon gluconeogenesis glucose glutamic acid glutaminase glutaminase activity glutamine concentration glutamine cycle glutamine metabolism glutamine synthesis glutamine synthetase glutamine synthetase activity glutamine transport glutamine utilization glutathione growth hormone Häussinger hepatic encephalopathy hepatic glutamine hepatocytes hepatoma increased incubation inhibitor intact intracellular kidney Kvamme liver mitochondria mammalian Meister metabolic acidosis methionine sulfoximine mitochondria NH4Cl nitrogen normal oxidation pathway perfused perfused rat liver periportal perivenous phosphate phosphate-dependent glutaminase Physiol physiological plasma portal purified pyruvate rat kidney rate of glutamine reaction release renal glutamine role skeletal muscle small intestine stimulation studies substrate Svenneby synaptosomes synthesis of glutamine Table tissue transport of glutamine tubules uptake urea cycle urea synthesis vivo y-glutamyl y-glutamyltranspeptidase