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pleted, he returned home to a triumph, which, though it was less illustrious than that of his colleague, in respect of his share in the defeat of the Samnites, was yet raised to an equality with it; the whole honour of the campaign in Etruria belonging solely to him. He carried into the treasury three hundred and ninety thousand asses in weight. Out of the remainder of the money accruing to the public from the spoils, he contracted for the building of a temple to Fors Fortuna, near to that dedicated to the same goddess by king Servius Tullius; and gave to the soldiers, out of the spoil, one hundred and two asses† each, and double that sum to the centurions and horsemen this donative was received the more gratefully, on account of the parsimony of his colleague.

XLVII. The favour of the consul saved from a trial, before the people, Postumius; who on a prosecution being commenced against him by Marcus Scantius, plebeian tribune, evaded, as was said, the jurisdiction of the people, by procuring the commission of lieutenant-general, so that he could only be threatened with it. The year having now elapsed, new plebeian tribunes had come into office; and even these, in consequence of some irregularity in their appointments, had, within five days after, others substituted in their room. The lustrum was closed this year by the censors Publius Cornelius Arvina and Caius Marcius Rutilus. The number of citizens rated was two hundred

and sixty-two thousand three hundred and twenty-two. These were the twenty-sixth pair of censors since the first institution of that office; and this the nineteenth lustrum. In this year, persons who had been presented with crowns, in consideration of meritorious behaviour in war, first began to wear them at the exhibition of the Roman games. At the same time was first introduced from Greece, the practice of bestowing palms on the victors in the games. In the same year the curule ædiles, who exhibited those games, completed the paving of the road from the temple of Mars to Boville, out of fines levied on the farmers of the public pastures. Lucius Papirius presided at the consular election, and returned consuls Quintus Fabius Gurges, son of Maximus, and Decius Junius Brutus Scæva. Papirius himself was made prætor. The many prosperous events of this year were scarcely sufficient to afford consolation for one calamity, a pestilence, which afflicted both the city and country, and caused a prodigious mortality. To discover what end, or what remedy, was appointed by the gods for that calamity, the books were consulted, and there it was found that Esculapius must be brought to Rome from Epidaurus. However, as the consuls had full employment in the wars, no farther steps were taken in that business during this year, except the performing a supplication to Æsculapius, of one day's continuance.

HERE ten books of the original are lost, making a chasm of seventy-five years. The translator's object being to publish the work of Livy only, he has not thought it his duty to attempt to supply this deficiency, either by a compilation of his own, or by transcribing or translating those of others. The reader, however, who may be desirous of knowing the events which took place during this interval, will find as complete a detail of them as can now be given, in Hooke's or Rollin's Roman History.

The contents of the lost books have been preserved, and are as follows:

BOOK XI.

[Y. R. 460. B. C. 292.] Fabius Gurges, consul, having fought an unsuccessful battle with the Samnites, the senate deliberate about dismissing him from the command of the army; are prevailed upon not to inflict that disgrace upon him, principally by the entreaties of his father, Fabius Maximus, and by his promising

* €1,2591. 78. 6d. ↑ 6s. 7d.

to join the army, and serve, in quality of lieutenant-general, under his son: which promise he performs, and the consul, aided by his counsel and co-operation, obtains a victory over the Samnites, and a triumph in consequence. C. Pontius, the general of the Samnites, led in triumph before the victor's carriage, and afterwards beheaded. A plague at Rome. [Y. R. 561. B. C. 291.] Ambassaders sent to Epidaurus, to bring from thence to Rome the statue

of Esculapius: a serpent, of itself, goes on were slain, remarks, that they all of them lay board their ship; supposing it to be the abode with their faces turned towards their enemy. of the deity, they bring it with them; and, He proceeds towards Rome, ravaging the counupon its quitting the vessel, and swimming to try as he goes along. C. Fabricius is sent by the island in the Tyber, they consecrate there the senate to treat for the redemption of the a temple to Esculapius. L. Postumius, a man prisoners: the king, in vain, attempts to bribe of consular rank, condemned for employing him to desert his country. The prisoners rethe soldiers under his command in working stored without ransom. Cincas, ambassador upon his farm [Y. R. 462. B. C. 290.] Curius from Pyrrhus to the senate, demands, as a conDentatus, consul, having subdued the Samnites, dition of peace, that the king be admitted into and the rebellious Sabines, triumphs twice dur- the city of Rome: the consideration of which ing his year of office. [Y. R. 463. B. C. 289.] | being deferred to a fuller meeting, Appius The colonies of Castrum, Sena, and Adia, Claudius, who, on account of a disorder in his established. Three judges of capital crimes now first appointed. A census and lustrum: the number of citizens found to be two hundred and seventy-three thousand. After a long-continued sedition, on account of debts, the com'mons secede to the Janiculum: [Y. R. 466. B. C. 286.] are brought back by Q. Hortensius, dictator, who dies in office. Successful operations against the Volsinians and Lucanians, [Y. R. 468. B. C. 284.] against whom it was thought expedient to send succour to the Thuringians.

BOOK XII.

eyes, had not, for a long time, attended in the
senate, comes there; moves, and carries his
motion, that the demand of the king be refused.
Cneius Domitius, the first plebeian censor,
holds a lustrum; the number of the citizens
found to be two hundred and seventy-eight
thousand two hundred and twenty-two. A
second, but undecided battle with Pyrrhus.
[Y. R. 473. B. C. 279.] The treaty with the
Carthaginians renewed a fourth time. An offer
made to Fabricius, the consul, by a traitor, to
poison Pyrrhus; [Y. R. 474. B. C. 278.] he
sends him to the king, and discovers to him
the treasonable offer. Successful operations
against the Etruscans, Lucanians, Bruttians,
and Samnites.

BOOK XIV.

[Y. R. 476.

[Y. R. 469. B. C. 283.] The Senonian Gauls having slain the Roman ambassadors, war is declared against them: they cut off L. Cæcilius, prætor, with the legions under his command, [Y. R. 470. B. C. 282.] The Roman fleet plundered by the Tarentines, and the commander Pyrrhus crosses over into Sicily. [Y. R. 475. slain: ambassadors, sent to complain of this B. C. 277.] Many prodigies, among which, the outrage, are ill-treated and sent back; where- statue of Jupiter in the capitol is struck by upon war is declared against them. The Sam-lightning, and thrown down. nites revolt; against whom, together with the B. C. 276.] The head of it afterwards found by Lucanians, Bruttians, and Etruscans, several the priests. Curius Dentatus, holding a levy, unsuccessful battles are fought by different ge- puts up to sale the goods of a person who renerals. [Y. R. 471. B. C. 281.] Pyrrhus, king fuses to answer to his name when called upon. of Epirus, comes into Italy, to succour the Tar-[Y. R. 477. B. C. 275.] Pyrrhus, after his entines. A Campanian legion sent, under the return from Sicily, is defeated, and compelled command of Decius Jubellius, to garrison Rheg-to quit Italy. The censors hold a lustrum, and ium, murder the inhabitants, and seize the city.

BOOK XIII.

find the number of the citizens to be two hundred and seventy-one thousand two hundred and twenty-four. [Y. R. 479. B. C. 273.] A treaty of alliance formed with Ptolemy, king of Egypt. Sextilia, a vestal, found guilty of [Y. R. 472. B. C. 280.] Valerius Lævinus, incest, and buried alive. Two colonies sent consul, engages with Pyrrhus, and is beaten, forth, to Posidonium and Cossa. [Y. R. 480. his soldiers being terrified at the unusual ap- B. C. 272.] A Carthaginian fleet sails, in aid pearance of elephants. After the battle, Pyr- of the Tarentines, by which act the treaty is rhus, viewing the bodies of the Romans who violated. Successful operations against the

Lucanians, Samnites, and Bruttians. Death of returning to his habitation at night, to be

king Pyrrhus.

BOOK XV.

The Tarentines overcome; peace and freedom granted to them. [Y. R. 481. B. C. 271.] The Campanian legion, which had forcibly taken possession of Rhegium, besieged there; lay down their arms, and are punished with death. Some young men, who had ill-treated the ambassadors from the Apollonians to the senate of Rome, are delivered up to them. Peace granted to the Picentians. [Y. R. 484. B. C. 268.] Two colonies established; one at Ariminum in Picenum, another at Beneventum in Samnium. Silver coin now, for the first time, used by the Roman people. [Y. R. 485. B. C. 267.] The Umbrians and Salantines subdued. The number of quæstors increased to eight.

BOOK XVI.

[Y. R. 488. B. C. 264.] Origin and progress of the Carthaginian state. After much debate, the senate resolved to succour the Mammertines against the Carthaginians, and against Hiero, king of Syracuse. Roman cavalry, then, for the first time, cross the sea, and engage, successfully, in battle with Hiero; who solicits and obtains peace. [Y. R. 489. B. C. 263.] A lustrum: the number of the citizens amount to two hundred and ninety-two thousand two hundred and twenty-four. D. Junius Brutus exhibits the first show of gladiators, in honour of his deceased father. [Y. R. 490. B. C. 262.] The Æsernian colony established. Successful operations against the Carthaginians and Vulsinians. [Y. R. 491. B. C. 261.]

BOOK XVII.

Y. R. 492. B. C. 260.] Cneius Cornelius, consul, surrounded by the Carthaginian fleet; and, being drawn into a conference by a stratagem, is taken. [Y. R. 493. B. C. 259.] C. Duilius, consul, engages with, and vanquishes the Carthaginian fleet; is the first commander to whom a triumph is decreed for a naval vicory; in honour of which, he is allowed, when

attended with torches and music. L. Cornelius, consul, fights and subdues the Sardinians and Corsicans, together with Hanno, the Carthaginian general, in the island of Sardinia. Atilius Calatinus, [Y. R. 494. B. C. 258.] consul, drawn into an ambuscade by the Car

thaginians, is rescued by the skill and valour of M. Calpurnius, a military tribune, who making

a

sudden attack upon the enemy, with a body of only three hundred men, turns their whole force against himself. [Y. R. 495. B. C. 257.] Hannibal, the commander of the Carthaginian fleet which was beaten, is put to death by his soldiers.

BOOK XVIII.

[Y. R. 496. B. C. 256.] Attilius Regulus, consul, having overcome the Carthaginians in a sea-fight, passes over into Africa: kills a serpent of prodigious magnitude, with great loss of his own men. [Y. R. 497. B. C. 255.] The senate, on account of his successful conduct of the war, not appointing him a successor, he writes to them, complaining; and, among other reasons for desiring to be recalled, alleges, that his little farm, being all his subsistence, was going to ruin, owing to the mismanagement of hired stewards. [Y. R. 498. B. C. 254.] A memorable instance of the instability of fortune exhibited in the person of Regulus, who is overcome in battle, and taken prisoner by Xanthippus, a Lacedæmonian general. [Y. R. 499. B. C. 253.] The Roman fleet shipwrecked; which disaster entirely reverses the good fortune which had hitherto attended their affairs. Titus Corucanius, the first high priest chosen from among the commons. [Y. R. 500. B. C. 252.] P. Sempronius Sophus, and M. Valerius Maximus, censors, examine into the state of the senate, and expel thirteen of the members of that body. [Y. R. 501. B. C. 251.] They hold a lustrum, and find the number of citizens to be two hundred and ninety-seven thousand seven hundred and ninety-seven. [Y. R. 502, B. C. 250.] Regulus being sent by the Carthaginians to Rome to treat for peace, and an exchange of prisoners, binds himself by oath to return if these objects be not attained; dissuades the senate from agreeing to the proposition: and then, in observance of his oath, returning to Carthage, is put to death by torture.

BOOK XIX.

gaining a complete victory over their fleet, at the island of Ægate. The Carthaginians sue for peace, which is granted to them. [Y. R. 510. B. C. 242.] The temple of Vesta being on fire, the high-priest, Cæcilius Metellus, saves the C. Cæcilius sacred utensils from the flames. [Y. R. 511. | B. C. 241.] Two new tribes added, the Veline and Quirine. The Falisci rebel; are subdued in six days.

[Y. R. 502. B. C. 250] Metellus, having been successful in several engagements with the Carthaginians, triumphs with more splendour than had ever yet been seen; thirteen generals of the enemy, and one hundred and twenty elephants, being exhibited in the procession. [Y. R. 503. B. C. 249.] Claudius Pulcher, consul, obstinately persisting, notwithstanding the omens were inauspicious, engages the enemy's fleet, and is beaten; drowns the sacred chickens which would not feed; recalled by the senate, and ordered to nominate a dictator; he appoints Claudius Glicia, one of the lowest of the people, who, notwithstanding his being ordered to abdicate the office, yet attends the celebration of the public games in his dictator's robe. [Y. R. 504. B. C. 248.] Atilius Calatinus, the first dictator who marches with an army out of Italy. An exchange of prisoners with the Carthaginians. Two colonies established at Fregene and Brundusium in the Salantine territories. [Y. R. 505. B. C. 247.] A lustrum; the citizens numbered amount to two hundred and fifty-one thousand two hundred and twentytwo. [Y. R. 506. B. C. 246.] Claudia, the sister of Claudius, who had fought unsuccessfully, in contempt of the auspices, being pressed by the crowd, as she was returning from the game, cries out, I wish my brother were alive and had again the command of the fleet: for which offence she is tried and fined. [Y. R. 507. B. C. | 245.] Two prætors now first created. Aulus Postumius, consul, being priest of Mars, forcibly detained in the city by Cæcilius Metellus, the high-priest, and not suffered to go forth to war, being obliged by law to attend to the sacred duties of his office. [Y. R. 508. B. C. 244.] After several successful engagements with the Carthaginians, Caius Lutatius, consul, puts an erd to the war, [Y. R 509. B. C. 243.] by | circus.

BOOK XX.

A colony settled at Spoletum. [Y. R. 512. B.C. 240.] An army sent against the Ligurians; being the first war with that state. The Sardinians and Corsicans rebel, and are subdued. [Y. R. 514. B. C. 238.] Tuccia, a vestal, found guilty of incest. War declared against the Illyrians, who had slain an ambassador; they are subdued and brought to submission. [Y. R. 515. B. C. 237.] The number of prætors increased to four. The Transalpine Gauls make an irruption into Italy: are conquered and put to the sword. [Y. R. 516. B. C. 236.] The Roman army, in conjunction with the Latines, is said to have amounted to no less than three hundred thousand men. [Y. R. 517. B. C. 235.] The Roman army for the first time crosses the Po; fights with and subdues the Insubrian Gauls. [Y. R. 530. B. C. 222.] Claudius Marcellus, consul, having slain Viridomarus, the general of the Insubrian Gauls, carries off the spolia opima. [Y. R. 531. B. C. 221.] The Istrians subdued; also the Illyrians, who had rebelled. [Y. R. 532. B. C. 220.] The censors hold a lustrum, in which the number of the citizens is found to be two hundred and seventy thousand two hundred and thirteen. The sons of freedmen formed into four tribes; the Esquiline, Palatine, Suburran, and Colline. [Y. R. 533. B. C. 219.] Caius Flaminius, censor, constructs the Flaminian road, and builds the Flaminian

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