I.-The Oxyrhynchus Epitome of Livy in Relation to Obsequens and II-On the Recession of the Latin Accent in Connection with Monosyllabic Words and the Traditional Word-Order. By R. S. RADFORD, III.-Notes on the First Book of the Aeneid. By W. H. KIRK, IV. The Language of Tragedy and its Relation to Old Attic. By V.-Cicero's Appreciation of Greek Art. By GRANT Showerman, REVIEWS AND BOOK NOTICES: 241 256 274 . 285 Greenough's, Kittredge's, Howard's and D'Ooge's Allen and Greenough's New Latin Grammar.-Winbolt's Latin Hexameter Verse, An Aid to Composition. . 306 315 337 351 . 362 . 365 Open to original communications in all departments of philology, classical, comparative, oriental, modern; condensed reports of current philological work; summaries of chief articles in the leading philological journals of Europe; reviews by specialists; bibliographical lists. Four numbers constitute a volume, one volume each year. 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THE OXYRHYNCHUS EPITOME OF LIVY IN RELATION TO OBSEQUENS AND CASSIODORUS. I. Some months since the welcome announcement was made by Grenfell and Hunt that their campaign of 1903 at Oxyrhynchus had discovered a portion of an epitome of Livy hitherto unknown. The fourth volume of the Oxyrhynchus Papyri brings us this fragmentary epitome edited with that acute scholarship which the discoverers everywhere display; they have had also the assistance of Mr. W. Warde Fowler and of Professors Kornemann, Reid, and Wissowa. While little has escaped the attention of this group of scholars, there yet remain for discussion some interesting questions, and in one important point at least the relations of the Oxyrhynchus epitome have not yet been observed. The portions recovered are drawn from books 37-40 and 48-55, treating events from the end of 190 to 179 B. C. and from 150 to 137 B. C. The latter period is one in which our authorities are so scanty that every fragment of new information is welcome, and the amount of new information gained, especially on points of chronology, is not small, as Grenfell and Hunt point out, p. 94. The writing is described by the editors as 'a medium-sized upright uncial with some admixture of minuscule forms', and is dated by them as certainly not later than the beginning of the fourth century and more probably belonging to the third. The papyrus is so sadly mutilated that hardly a line remains complete, but the supplements are in part readily made. Furthermore the scribe seems to have been guilty of great carelessness and stupidity in spelling and grammar so that in some cases it is impossible to determine what stood in the original, even when the lines are unbroken. The form of this new epitome is that of a chronicle in which each year is indicated by the names in the ablative case, followed by a bald enumeration of events in strict chronological order. In fact, the best description of the Oxyrhynchus periochae was unwittingly given by Mommsen. in 1861, while discussing the sources of Cassiodorus's chronicle': 'es ist ganz im Geiste der Kaiserzeit, dass man das weitläuftige und viel "Ueberflüssiges" enthaltende Werk des Livius früh in einen kurz das Thatsächliche Jahr für Jahr, unter Voraustellung der Consulnamen im Ablativ, zusammenfassenden Abriss gebracht hat.' Mommsen (1. c.) also first established the fact that a considerable number of authors, not only Cassiodorus but also Vopiscus, Obsequens, Eutropius, Festus, and Idatius, drew not from Livy direct but from a lost epitome which departed at some points from its original. Zangemeister' proved that the Periochae and Orosius belonged to the number. Still other writers were added by Pirogoff, Droysen, Wagener, Haupt, Maurenbrecher, and Ay, and the date at which an epitome of Livy was made was carried back until Sanders showed that Livy was certainly abridged before the end of Tiberius's reign. The discovery therefore of an epitome corresponding in outward form so closely to the epitome postulated by Mommsen in the passage quoted, raises at once a series of interesting questions as to its relation to Livy, to the Periochae long known, and to the later writers who drew indirectly from Livy's complete work. Fortunately for us the first three columns of the papyrus cover the years 190-179, a period which is treated in Livy's extant books 37-40, so that we can here determine the relation of the Oxyrhynchus periochae to their ultimate source. The bald account of O naturally gives only facts and results and admits of no discussions or long exposition of motives. Yet all the most important events are noted. While at times phrases and clauses are repeated from Livy, there is on the whole no striking verbal agreement. O occasionally paraphrases Livy's account, as e. g. ll. 3-6 P. Licinius [pontif]ex maximus Q. Fabium pr(aetorem) quod flamen Quirinalis erat proficisci in 1 Die Chronik des Cassiodorus Senator, p. 552, in Abh. der sächs. Gesell. der Wiss., Leipzig, 1861. 2 Die Periochae des Livius in Festschrift für die Karlsruher Philologenversammlung, Freiburg i. B. 1882. 3 Die Quellencontamination im 21 und 22 Buche des Livius, 1, 1897. Pap. Lepidinus maximus. 5 Pap.Quirinalem. |