the Iliad and the Odyssey to different authors and different ages? Do they appear to you to be conclusive? 4. What evidences are there of ἀπειλέω, ἀπατάω, ἀναίνομαι, διακονέω, διώκω, ἐπείγω, ἐναίρω, ἐνίπτω, καθαίρω, not being verbs compounded of prepositions? What difference is observable between the separable and inseparable mode of compounding verbs? How does this bear upon such forms as ἐκάθευδον, ἠνειχόμην, ἐκάθιζον 5. Examine and classify, illustrating at the same time, the Homeric uses of οὖλος, ἑανός, πευκάλιμος, εἰλεῖν, ἐρύεσθαι. 6. What is the essential relation to the verb expressed by the accusative case? Explain, in accordance with this principle, the following constructions: α. τίνας ποθ' ἕδρας τάσδε μοι θοάζετε ;1 6. ἀνήρετ' ἄρτι Χαιρεφώντα Σωκράτης ψύλλαν, ὁπόσους ἄλλοιτο τοὺς αὑτῆς πόδας. ὁ μὲν διπλοῖσι ποιμνίοις, ἐγὼ δ' ἑνὶ 4. ὥσπερ δεῦρ' ἀπεζύγην πόδας. 7. ἐγὼ δ' ὁ τλάμων παλαιὸς ἀφ' οὗ χρόνος Ιδαία μίμνω λειμώνι' ἄποινα, μηνῶν ἀνήριθμος αἰὶν εὐνώμα Translate. What was the original reading of this passage? Give any other corrections that have been suggested. Illustrate the use of atonlos from Homer. What is its etymology? ἀΐδηλος 8. Extract the original and derivative meaning of αἰόλος from a comparison of the following passages : α. νῦν δὲ σὲ.....αἰόλαι εὐλαὶ ἔδονται.1 b. σφήκες μέσον αἰόλοι. c. μένει γὰρ οὔτ ̓ αἰόλα νὺξ βροτοῖσι. d. νῦν καλὸν ἀντίφονον κορέσαι στόμα προς χάριν ἐμᾶς σαρκὸς αἰόλας. ε. σάκος αιόλον ἑπταβόειον. 7. αιόλον ψεῦδος. Ο 9. εἴη δ' ἄνατον πρᾶγμα τοῦτ' ἀστοξένων· μηδ' ἐξ ἀέλπτων κἀπρομηθήτων πόλει νεῖκος γένηται. Explain the difference of the moods. What are the different senses in which the Opt. and Conj. are used when apparently independent? Give instances of each. ΙΟ. How are the Nom., Dat., and Acc. Absolute used in Greek? How can they be accounted for? ΙΙ. παῦροι δ' αὖτε ἴσασι τρισεινάδα μηνὸς ἀρίστην ἄρξασθαί τε πίθου, κ.τ.λ.8 What day is here meant? How did the Greeks distinguish the days of the month? 12. Give an account of the usage of the Middle Voice in Greek, and examples of its different significations. 13. The functions of the Chorus in the Greek drama: Were they permanent or temporary? Mention the phases which the Chorus underwent in tragedy, and account for its eventual abolition in comedy. 1 72. xxii. 509. 2 Il. xii. 167. 3 Soph. Trach. 132. 4 Ib. Philoct. 1155. 5 Il. vii. 222. 6 Pind. N. viii. On all these passages, see Buttmann's Lexilogus, s. v. αἰόλος. 7 Asch. Suppl. 350. 8 Hesiod, Op. et D. 814 14. Mention anything you know of the writings of Archilochus and Menander. 15. What are the principal marks of spuriousness discovered by Bentley in the Epistles of Phalaris ?1 16. The advantages and disadvantages of combining the study of modern with that of ancient Greek. [Dean Ireland's Scholarship, 1858.] IV. LATIN CRITICAL QUESTIONS. 1. What do we know of the Iapygian, Umbrian, Oscan, and Etruscan languages? What appears to have been their chronological relation to each other? What reasons are there for thinking that the Etruscans may have come from Lydia? 2. 'Libertatis originem inde magis, quia annuum imperium consulare factum est, quam quod deminutum quidquam sit ex regia potestate, numeres.' Translate. What is the principle of the change of mood? Illustrate by examples. 2 3. 'Nolim enim, ne si Latine quidem dici possit, specierum et speciebus dicere ; et sæpe his casibus utendum est: at formis et formarum velim.'-Cic. What nouns belonging to the fifth declension are completely declined? Mention any archaisms. that occur in this declension. 4. Si in jus vocat, ni it, antestator igitur in capito. Si calvitur pedemve struit, manum endoiacito. Si morbus ævitasve vitium escit, qui in jus Vocabit jumentum dato; si nolet arceram ne sternito. Laws of the Twelve Tables.* 1 See Monk's Life of Bentley, i. 80-83; and Dyce's edition of the Epistles, ii. 384. 2 Liv. ii. 1. 3 Topic. 7. 4 See Varronianus, chap. vi. § 7 Translate. Show from this passage the original meaning of igitur. How do you account for the irregularities of the conjugation of the verb sum? Mention such old forms as you may remember. What is escit? 5. Quintilian, on the introduction of foreign words into the Latin tongue, says, 'Plurima Gallica valuerunt.'1 Enumerate those you can recollect. Account for the fact, and state what would be the probable date of their introduction. 6. Indulge ordinibus; nec setius omnis in unguem Arboribus positis secto via limite quadret.2 Translate. Comment on the word 'setius.' Illustrate the phrase 'in unguem.' What is its origin? Is the word used in any other proverbial expressions? 7. Collect Horace's criticisms on the literary merits of the poets who had preceded or were contemporary with himself." 8. Hoc tantum sciat, sibi, si hujus vindiciis cesserit, condicionem filiæ quærendam esse. Me, vindicantem sponsam in libertatem, vita citius deseret, quam fides. Translate this. What is the Latin expression for 'to claim as a slave'? What is the meaning of 'vindicias secundum libertatem postulare, dare:' 'vindicari puellam in posterum diem pateretur :''decresse vindicias secundum servitutem' ? 9. For a Latin epigram : Ωφελε μηδ' ἐγένοντο ποαὶ νέες· οὐ γὰρ ἂν ἡμεῖς παῖδα Διοκλείδου Σώπολιν ἐστένομεν. νῦν δ' ὁ μὲν εἰν ἁλί που φέρεται νέκυς, ἀντὶ δ' ἐκείνου 10. Can you give any rules for the arrangement of words in a Latin sentence? 11. Hannibal, nihil prolatandum ratus, velut Italia ei provincia decreta esset, ne se quoque casus aliquis opprimeret, etc. Explain the reason why these two different pronouns 1 See Quint. i. 5, 57. 8 See Hor. C. i. 6. 1. S. i. 10. Ep. ii. 1. 50 seqq. A. P. 270 seqq. 4 Liv. iii. 45. are used. What general principles determine in similar cases what pronoun must be used? 12. Syllaba longa brevi subjecta vocatur iambus, Pes citus; unde etiam trimetris accrescere jussit operæ Aut ignoratæ premit artis crimine turpi. Non quivis videt immodulata poemata judex, Et data Romanis venia est indigna poetis.1 Paraphrase, comment, and illustrate. 13. 'In Oratione Ciceronis quinta in Verrem scriptum fuit ...quocunque venerint, hanc sibi rem præsidio sperant futurum. Videbatur compluribus in extremo verbo menda esse : debuisse enim scribi putabant non futurum sed futuram. Can futurum be justified either by example or by any analogy of language? 14. What do you know of the later didactic poets of Rome ?3 15. Compare in detail the versification of Virgil with that of Lucretius.⭑ |