8

Explain accurately the usage of the words potissimum, ultro (in Tacitus), scilicet, enimvero, ceterum, una literæ, singula literæ. Explain the origin and meaning of mea interest.'

8. What exceptions are there to the rule that suus refers to the subject of the sentence in which it occurs? Give examples. se ipsum

Distinguish{ ; how is sese used ?*

se ipse

9. In what case is a question in Oratio Obliqua expressed by the Infinitive? Explain the uses of the gerund and gerundive, where they are supplementary to each other, and where they are mutually convertible. What peculiar use of them occurs in Tacitus ?

Io. Translate the following passages :—

a. Ecquis erit mecum juvenes? qui primus in hostem ?" Alter the punctuation as you like, giving reasons.

b. Nec veni, nisi fata locum sedemque dedissent."

Explain tenses.

1 See Donalds. Lat. Gr. §§ 112 (G), 209 (y); Zumpt, § 542.

2 Zumpt, § 537.

3 Potissimum, see Donalds. Lat. Gr. § 108 (d). Ultro, see Ritter on Tac. Ann. iii. 66. Ultro polluebat, but the reading is doubtful. Hist. i. 71. Exemplum ultro imputavit; it might be rendered by went a step beyond in this passage. On the word generally, see Donalds. Varronianus, cap. x. § 3. Enimvero, Zumpt, § 348.

4 See Donalds. Lat. Gr. § 201 (dd); Zumpt, 550, note 1; Madvig, § 490.

The difference is best seen by an example. Liv. xxii. 57: Altera virgo sibimet ipsa mortem consciverat. 'The other had committed suicide,' as contrasted with another virgin who had been put to death. Sibimet ipsi would have implied 'had destroyed herself,' as opposed to murdering

some one.

Sese is sometimes used pleonastically, as in Ter. And. iv. 5. 2; Sall. Cat. init.

5 We find in Tacitus such expressions as 'Vologesi vetus et penitus infixum arma R. vitandi' (xv. 5), and 'Non grave manumissis per idem obsequium retinendi libertatem' (xiii. 26). See also xv. 21. The genitive depends on negotium or some similar word suggested by the several passages. See Zumpt, Lat. Gr. § 663; Orelli on xv. 5.

6 Virg. Æn. ix. 51. See Forbiger in loc., and Paley on Ov. F. ii. 83, with the extract from the Varronianus there given.

7 Virg. Æn. xi. 112. The protasis to dedissent is suppressed. The full construction is 'nec veni ad vos debellandos, nec venissem omnino.' Cf. Juv. x. 123, where et contempsisset may be supplied; Liv. ii. 10. 3; Tac. A. i. 35.

c. Quæris, quid agam. Ita vivam, ut maximos sumtus facio.1

d. Haud procul inde citæ Metum in diversa quad

Distulerant,-at tu dictis, Albane, maneres !

Explain and illustrate the tense of maneres.

11. Explain the origin and meaning of the phrases :Patres conscripti; Populus Romanus ; Quirites; Prisci Latini; Procurator Cæsaris; Conventus provinciæ; Jus gentium;" Edicta prætoris.'"

Distinguish rebellio, seditio: flamen, pontifex, sacerdos.

12. Translate into Latin :

a. He cannot have done what you say: at least he could not have done it had he been in his right mind.10

b. The interest of money has been lowered from 18 to 6 per cent. Therefore your £100,000, divided among your four children, will only produce for each a revenue of £1500 per ann. Express this all according to Roman reckoning.1

[Trinity College, 1866.]

LII.

1. Translate, with explanatory and illustrative notes :α. μὴ μνηστεύσαντες, μηδ' ἄλλοθ' ὁμιλήσαντες,

ὕστατα καὶ πύματα νῦν ἔνθαδε δειπνήσειαν.

6. Δωριέες τε τριχάϊκες διοί τε Πελασγοί.
α. μὰ γῆν, μὰ παγίδας, μὰ νεφέλας, μὰ δίκτυα,
μὴ 'γὼ νόημα κομψότερον ἤκουσά πω,4

d. ἔῤῥει τὰ καλα· Μίνδαρος ἀπεσσούα· πεινῶντι τώνδρες
ἀπορέομες τί χρὴ δρῆν.

2. Show that the following passages need correction, and amend them :

α. ΜΗ. οὔπω θρηνεῖς· μένε καὶ γῆρας.

ΙΑ. ὦ τέκνα φίλτατα.
ΜΗ. μητρί γε, σοὶ δ ̓ οὔ.

1 * Ex asse et semisse semisse factum est fenus: quaternis igitur liberis tuis ex capite isto H.S. centies vicies quinquies, non amplius H.S. septingena quinquagena, æquatis partibus, in annum vectigal fuerit.

* For the phraseology, see Cic. Att. iv. 15, § 7. For the notation, Donalds. Lat. Gr. § 64, Obs. 4 ad fin., where, for six per cent. and four per cent., as the equivalents of sextantes and quadrantes, we should read two and three respectively.

†The sestertium is taken at £8. The sum in question=8X12500=125 X 100000 sestertii H.S. centies vicies quinquies. Similarly, the total income=£6000=£8× 750 750 sestertia.

2 Homer, Odyss. iv. 684. See L. and S. s. v. μý, iv., and compare Odyss. xi. 613.

3 Homer, Odyss. xix. 177. Cf. Hesiod, Fragm. vii. (Goettl.) See L. and S. s. v. τριχάϊκες.

4 Ar. Av. 194. See Jelf, Gk. Gr. 741 e. Paley on Iliad, x. 329. cf. Ar. Eccl. 1000, Lys. 916 seqq.

5 Xen. Hellen. i. 1. 23. This is the celebrated laconic despatch of Hippocrates. The old reading was τὰ καλά : ἐ τὰ καλα= the timbers (ships) are lost.' See Donalds. Gk. Lit. i. 28, note. For the history, see Student's Greece, cap. xxxii.; Grote, ch. lxiii. 6 Eur. Med. 1396. Porson reads yýpaσk'. See Paley in loc.

6. τῷδέ γ' ἀψήκτῳ πατάξω τῷ κοθόρνῳ τὴν γνάθον.

6. ἑκάστη αὐτῶν περὶ λόγους ἐστὶ τούτους, οἳ τυγχά νουσιν ὄντες περὶ τὸ πρᾶγμα, οὗ ἑκάστη ἐστὶν ἡ τέχνη.

3. Translate

τί δῆτ' ἐμοὶ ζῆν κέρδος, ἀλλ' οὐκ ἐν τάχει
ἔρριψ' ἐμαυτὴν τῆσδ' ἀπὸ στύφλου πέτρας,

ὅπως, πέδοι σκήψασα, τῶν πάντων πόνων
ἀπηλλάγην ; 8

Show the force of the aorist ἔρριψα. Explain the use of ὅπως (final) with the Indicative.4

4. Describe (with examples) the normal development of a Greek polity."

5. Determine the position of Socrates in relation to preceding and to succeeding philosophers.

What was his δαιμόνιον

6. State and criticise Plato's Ideal Theory. Distinguish the different meanings which have been attached to the word Idea.

7. Translate into Greek prose:

a. So it was Themistocles who saved Greece!

b. I shall be told that he was an honest citizen. I answer that he was a bad king.'

8. Translate, with explanatory and illustrative notes:a. Hoc verum est tota ferri te, Cynthia, Roma, Et non ignota vivere nequitia ?10

1 Ar. Lys. 657. Read τἀψήκτῳ τῷ ἀψ.), κ.τ.λ. See Donalds. Gk. Gr. § 398.

2 Plat. Gorg. 450 B. We should read τούτους ἐστὶ τοὺς λόγους. See Donalds. Gk. Gr. § 398.

3 Esch. P. V. 766.

4 For the use of the aorist, see Donalds. Gk. Gr. § 427. For öπws, ib. § 614; Farrar's Gk. Synt. p. 171 seq.

5 See Dicty. of Antiq. s. vv. Civitas (Greek), Colonia.

6 On Socrates generally, see Grote's Greece, ch. lxviii. ; Donalds. Gk. Liv. ch. i.

7 On the δ., see Xen. Mem. i. I, 2; and Kühner's Prolegomena, § 5; Dr. Thompson's Phædrus, pp. 36, 152; Riddell's Apology.

8 ἔμελλεν ἄρα τήν Ε. σῶσαι ὁ Θ.

9 ἀλλὰ πολίτης ἦν καλὸς κἀγαθός βασι· λεὺς δὲ κακός.

10 Propert. ii. 5. 1.

b. Mr. Mihi sed videtur. DE. Quid istic? tibi si istic

placet,

Profundat, perdat, pereat.1

c. Sublimem hunc intro rape quantum potes.

d. Longum est si velit ad Pirum venire,

Et scalis habito tribus, sed altis.3

2

9. Determine accurately the meaning of the following conditional sentences, and comment on any forms which seem you unusual :

to

a. Tu si hic sis, aliter sentias.

b. Si ita sententia esset, tibi servire mavelim.

c. Vin' ad te ad cœnam veniam? EP. Si possim, velim : Verum hic apud me cœnant alieni novem.

d. Si per L. Metellum licitum esset, matres illorum, uxores, sorores veniebant.

e. Me truncus illapsus cerebro

Sustulerat, nisi Faunus ictum

Dextra levasset.

f. Si non pertæsum thalami tædæque fuisset,
Huic uni forsan potui succumbere culpæ.*

10. Convert into the Oratio Obliqua :

a. An quicquam superbius est quam ludificari sic omne nomen Latinum ?5

b. Quid de præda faciendum censetis ?o

c. Si colloquendi cum Pompeio potestas facta erit, æquis conditionibus ab armis discedetur." II. Comment on an unusual Syntax exemplified in the following sentence

Tamen tantum abfuit ab eo, ut ulla ignominia iis exercitibus quæreretur, ut et urbs Roma per eum exercitum qui ab Allia Veios transfugerat, reciperaretur, et Caudinæ legiones, quæ

1 Ter. Ad. i. 2. 53.

2 Ib. And. v. 2. 20.

3 Mart. i. 117.

4 Virg. Æn. iv. 18.

5 Esse for est.

6 Censerent.

7 Facta esset, fore ut discede retur.