and quote any passages from the Greek dramatists, which you may imagine would borrow effect from the surrounding scenery.1 [Indian Civil Service, 1855.] LXXV. 1. What results has Comparative Philology established with regard to the origin of the Latin language? 2. Draw a map of Italy, marking the bounds of the different dialects spoken in early times, and specifying the most important races inhabiting the peninsula. 3. What is the historical value of the Roman legends? 4. What proofs have the Romans of the Republic left of their skill as civil and military engineers ? 5. Trace the progress of Constitutional Law at Rome from the foundation of the Consulate to the full development of the Republic. 6. The colonial system and provincial administration of Rome. 7. Give a brief account of Pompey's Asiatic campaigns. 8. Trace the progress of Roman conquests in Britain to the death of Trajan. 9. Notices of eminent members of the following houses:— Valerian; Decian; Cornelian; Publilian; Fabian; Julian; Claudian. 10. What were the chief causes of the decay of the Roman Empire ?2 1 See Kennedy, Demosth. ut supr. citat. 321, 324; Wordsworth's Athens and Attica, c. xiii.; Dicty. of Geogy. s. v. Athena, p. 284. 2 See Merivale's Rome, iv. 63, (c. xxxiii.) It has been recently stated that the Roman II. Give a sketch of the dramatic literature of Rome. 12. State the argument of any of Cicero's great speeches, adding a short criticism on the soundness of the reasoning and the style.1 [Indian Civil Service, 1856.] LXXVI. I. What was the geographical extent of the term Ελλάς in the time of Thucydides? What reason is there for believing that the Greeks were a mixed nation, and to which branches of the Arian family may their different elements be assigned?" 2. Give a concise but distinct account of the functions of the definite article in the machinery of Greek syntax, and explain fully and critically the construction of the following passages, translating them also idiomatically :: α. Αὐτοὺς ἐτιμωρησάμεθα κατὰ τὸν πασὶ νόμον καθεστῶτα. b. Ιδὲ γὰρ ἀνθρώπους οἷον ἐν καταγείῳ οἰκήσει σπηλαίω δει, ἀναπεπταμένην πρὸς τὸ φῶς τὴν εἴσοδον ἐχούσῃ μακρὰν παρ ̓ ἅπαν τὸ σπήλαιον. ε. Ὁ δὲ θεὸς, γλυκὺν γεύσας τὸν αἰῶνα, φθονερὸς ἐν αὐτῷ εὑρίσκεται ἐών. 4. Καὶ ἡμᾶς τε παρεκρούσαντο καὶ ἔλαθον δανεισάμενοι ἐπὶ τοῖς ἡμετέροις, ἐκεῖνόν τε τὸν νεανίσκον τὸν δανείσαντα ἐξηπάτησαν ὡς ἐπ' ἐλευθέροις τοῖς χρήμασι δανειζόμενοι. e. Εντεῦθεν ἕλκει τις αὐτὸν διὰ τραχείας τὴς ἀναβάσεως καὶ ἀνάντους. 1 See the Prolegomena to Ramsay's edition of Cicero, pro Cluentio. 2 See Donalds. Gk. Gr. init.; New Cratyl. Book i. c. 4. 3 For the passages, b. Plat. Resp. 514; c. Hdt. vii. 46. 6; d. Demosth. 930; e. Plat. ib. 515 E, see Index to Donalds. Gk. Gr. 3. Explain the proceedings in a civil suit at Athens. Who were the diarraí, and what were their functions? Distinguish between an ἔνδειξις, an εἰσαγγελία, α προβολή, and an ἀπαγωγή. What was the nature of the proceedings in the case which led to the speech of Demosthenes against the law of Leptines? Why does the argument of that speech say : ἡ δὲ στάσις πραγματικὴ ἔγγραφος 1 2 4. An eminent Greek author, not a native of Athens, arrived there for the first time in B.C. 367. State the circumstances of his life before and after this time, and mention the subjects of his principal works. During the period of nearly twenty years, which he spent at Athens on his first visit, what persons, eminent in literature, science, and public life, had he an opportunity of meeting in that city? 5. Detail the proceedings of Alexander the Great from his invasion of Drangiana in B.C. 330 to his arrival at Pura in B.C. 326. Which of the countries or cities mentioned by his Greek historians can be identified, and what are the modern names? Compare the Greek and Indian accounts of Sandrocottus. What reason is there for preferring the reading ZavoρóκUTTOs in Athenæus ? Where and how were Cleitus and Callisthenes slain? State what you know of the life and writings of Megasthenes. 6. How far is it possible to distinguish between the foreign and indigenous elements of Greek mythology, and, in regard to the latter, to say what is Pelasgian, and what Hellenic ? Explain briefly the different theories on this subject which 1 Kennedy's Demosth. iii. 372, in which (init.) see the speech adv. L. analysed. Dicty. of Antiq. s. v. Paranomon graphe. Пp.=practical; the speech deals with facts and not rhetorical inventions: π. TÓTOS is defined by Ernesti Lex. Techn. Græc. Rhet. s. V. πраɣμаTIкós, as tractatio rerum et sententiarum quatenus iis argumenta orationis continentur, et differunt a verbis et elocutionibus. See ib. s. vv. TOLÓTηS, OTÁσIS; and Lex. Lat. Rhet. s. vv. Constitutio, Negotialis. 2 Aristotle. 3 Athenæus, i. 18 e. See Dicty. of Biogy. s. v. Sandrocottus.-The resemblance to the Indian name Chandragupta. have been propounded by modern scholars. What was the probable genesis of the following myths :-the shower of gold; the stable of Augeas; the ivory shoulder of Pelops; the abduction of Europa; the sowing of the serpent's teeth; the death of Hyacinthus ?1 7. Give the principal arguments for and against the literary personality of Homer. Who were the χωρίζοντες ? What reasons are there for the supposition that the Iliad was originally an Achilléis, built on a narrower plan, and then enlarged? From the metre or otherwise can you show that the present text of Homer does not exhibit the original form of the language? The common epithets of a hero in Sanscrit poetry are nri-pa=viros-regens, and para-puran-jayah = externarum-urbium-expugnator. What Greek or Latin roots do you recognise in these Indian words? what are the Homeric counterparts of the epithets? and what inference does Mr. Gladstone draw from the application of the former of them?? 8. How did the origin of Greek comedy differ from that of tragedy? Distinguish accurately between a xopòs and a κŵμos, and quote any very early references to the latter which occur to you. Describe the peculiar structure of the chorus in the old Attic comedy. What was the parabasis, and what were its parts? Is there anything analogous to this dayyeλía avtoû TоÛ TоITоÛ3 in the Epinicia of Pindar? Refer particularly to the sixth Olympian ode. Who cultivated comedy before the Athenians, and where do we still find some representatives or its peculiar characteristics ?1 1 See Max Müller's Lectures, Series ii. Lect. ix.; Grote's Greece, Index, and ch. 16. 2 ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν-πτολίπορθος. -Mr. Gladstone infers that the ȧv. åvd. must (1.) be born of Zeus, ab antiquo; (2.) hold a sovereignty, either paramount or secondary, and either in whole, or, like Æneas, by devolution in part, over some given place or tribe; (3.) belong to a family who have held this sovereignty continuously from the time of the primary ancestor; (4) be the head of a ruling tribe or house of the original Hellenic stock, and must be connected with marks of the presence of the Hellenic settlement. See Studies on Homer, i. 531, 542. 3 Plat. Rep. 394 C. 4 See L. and S. s. v. кŵμos; Dicty. of 9. Why is prose always subsequent to some form of verse composition, and how far is the former influential on the structure of language? Examine the statement that there are three epochs in the history of Attic prose from Pericles to Alexander, and that two widely different causes co-operated in introducing the first epoch, namely, Athenian Politics and Sicilian Sophistry. Enumerate the principal Sophists, and compare the different views which have been taken of their character, and the effects of their teaching. Give some account of the revival of the Sophistic rhetoric in the second century A.D.1 10. How does Plato distinguish between the aurоTWλŋs, the κάπηλος, and the ἔμπορος ?2 Describe the business of a rраπeCirns at Athens. Trace the various meanings of apopμn. What were the different methods of calculating interest among the Greeks? II. Describe the costume of the ancient Greeks, and include in your description an accurate commentary on the following passages:3 α. Τοὺς πρεσβυτέρους ἰδεῖν ἦν διπλᾶ τὰ ἱμάτια ἐμπεπορ· πημένους. 7. Φάσκων θοιμάτιον ἀποδεδύσθαι ἢ τὸν χιτωνίσκον ἐκδε δύσθαι. c. Αναβάλλεσθαι οὐκ ἐπιστάμενον ἐπιδέξια ἐλευθέρως. ᾶσθαι. Antiq. s. vv. Comadia. In Pind. Ol. vi. there is an address (v. 87) to Æneas, leader of the chorus, bidding him ὀτρύνειν ἑταίρους Ηραν κελαδήσαι, γνῶναι τ' ἀρχαῖον ὄνειδος ἀλαθέσιν λόγοις εἰ φεύγομεν, κ.τ.λ.-The peculiarities of Comedy are still found in the English Pantomimes, and perhaps in the Italian improvisatori. 1 Because for prose, writing is essential; for verse, only memory is required. See Müller's Hist. Gk. Lit. c. xxxi. The chief Sophists were Gorgias, Protagoras, Prodicus, Hippias others were Tisias, Corax, Polus, Alcidamas, Antisthenes, 2 See Rep. 371 D; Politicus, 260 c; Soph. 223 D, 231 D. 3 See Lycurg. p. 153, § 40; Lysias, 117, § 10; Plat. Theat. 175 E. See Stallb. in loc. Theocr. xiv. 65; ib. xv. 6; Eur. Hec. 933; Thucyd. i. 6. 3. See Bekker's Charicles, Excursus on The Dress, and Dicty. of Antiq. under the several words by which the articles of dress are described. |