tive terms Latium vetus or antiquum, and Latium novum or adjectum ? 1 11. In what year and for what purpose were the two cities of Placentia and Cremona settled ?? 12. What countries are meant by Tacitus by the terms Germania superior and inferior? Give the modern names of Colonia Agrippinensis, Vetera (Castra), Augusta Taurinorum, and Augusta Treverorum.' 13. Who was the last Emperor of the Julian line, and who was the first elected by the Legions? Give the names of the Emperors of the Flavian family, and describe briefly the constitution of the home and foreign government as organized by Augustus.* [Indian Civil Service, 1861.] LXXXIII. GREEK HISTORY AND LITERATURE. 1. What were of 'Aμpiktúoves? Derive the name. How was the most famous of them constituted? What part did it play in Greek history in the time of Demosthenes? 2. Describe the Institutions ascribed to Lycurgus, and state their principal aim. Compare them with those of Crete. Assign the causes of the decay of Sparta, and illustrate them by historical details. 3. Give an account of the policy pursued severally by Corinth, Argos, and Thebes in the successive periods of the Peloponnesian War. What 4. Describe the condition of the μéroiko at Athens. was the number of their male adults in B.C. 309? Who were ισοτελεῖς and πρόξενοι 11 5. What was ἐπιχειροτονία νόμων ? What were the rules to be observed by the proposer of a new law? What was the penalty of not observing them?" 6. Describe the constitution and functions of the Athenian Βούλη, and of the Ηλιαία. 7. Narrate briefly, with dates, (1.) The expedition of Demosthenes into Ætolia, (2.) The occupation of Phyle, (3.) Cinadon's conspiracy, (4.) The foundation of Megalopolis, (5.) The Lamian War.1 8. Sketch the life and character of Brasidas, Theramenes, Epaminondas, Dionysius the Elder." 9. Trace the connection between the political and literary periods of Grecian history. 10. Give the position of Phlius, Chalcedon, Delium, Notium, Scione, Cirrha, Caphyæ, Tamynæ, Sellasia, Sagras, Atarneus, Lindus, Myus, Orneæ, Scillus. Mention anything you know about any of these names. II. Enumerate the Attic Months, and explain the principle of the Metonic Cycle." 1 See Dicty. of Antiq. s. vv. Metoeci, Civitas, Hospitium; Kennedy's Demosth. (Bohn's Classl. Liby.) iii. 251. Ib. s. v. Cheirotonia; Kennedy, ut supra, ii. 347. 3 Kennedy, iv. 351 seqq., ii. 335 seqq. 4 (1.) Not the orator. Thuc. iii. 91, 94, 98, 102, 105-114. See *Grote, ch. 51. (2.) Xen. +Hellen. ii. 4, § 2 ; *ib. ch. 65. (3.) †1b. iii. 3, §§ 4-11; *ib. ch. 73. (4) After battle of Leuctra, and under auspices of Epaminondas. *Ib. ch. 78. (5.) L. was in Thessaly: war by Ath. and the confederate Gks. against Antipater, regent of Macedonia on the death of Alexander the Great: called L. war because A. took refuge in Lamia. *Ib. ch. 95, 96. 5 See, for Th., Ar. Ran. 538; Xen. Hellen. ii. 3, §§ 50-56 (circumstances of his death). 6 See Dicty. of Antiq. s. v. Calendarium. The Metonic Cycle is so called after its arranger Meton, an eminent Ath. astronomer, who is introduced in the Aves, 992 seqq., and who lived B.C. 432. The Ath. year, after the time of Solon, con 12. Explain the terms, Διαιτηταί, Ἔφεται, Εξηγηταί, Λογισταὶ, Νομοφύλακες, ἀφανὴς οὐσία, ἐπὶ διετὲς ἡβῆσαι, ἐκφυλλοφορία, τόκος ναυτικὸς, λαχὼν ἐξούλης, ληξιαρχικὸν γραμματεῖον, χιλίας ώφλε, πρυτανεία θεῖναι. [Indian Civil Service, 1861.] LXXXIV. 1. Τὸ Ἑλληνικὸν, ὅμαιμόν τε καὶ ὁμόγλωσσον [ἔχον δὲ] θεῶν ἱδρύματα κοινὰ καὶ θυσίας. Comment upon these asserted characteristics of the Greek race, and show, by reference to original authorities, how the expression must be limited." 2. Mention the principal epochs of Greek colonization ; the states most famous for their colonies; and the chief distinctions between a Greek and a Roman colony.' 3. Specify the principal tyrannies established in Greece about the time of Solon; give the character which the Greeks attached to the word Túpavvos, and quote or refer to any passages illustrative of their feeling towards it.1 4. Give as nearly as you can remember in the language of Herodotus or Thucydides, the characters of any two of the following persons:-Themistocles, Pericles, Cleon, Alcibiades." 5. Describe briefly the complete change which took place in the constitution of Athens under Pericles and Ephialtes." sisted of twelve lunar months: the cycle of Meton of nineteen lunar years, he having observed that in that time the new and full moons are restored to the same days of the year. The object of Meton's cycle was to reconcile the lunar and solar time. 1 For T. v. see, particularly, Kennedy's Demosth. iv. 328 seqq. Shipping contracts. 2 Hdt. viii. 144. Consider when these words were used. The Gks. were, then, as they said, and relatively to the persons in opposition to whom the words were See spoken. Consider also the elements of 3 On the colonies, see Dicty. of Antiq. s. v. Colonia. 4 See Dicty. Antiq. s. v. Tyrannus. 5 See (1.) Thucyd. i. 138, § 3. (2.) Ib. ii. 65, § 8. (3.) Ib. iii. 36, § 5; iv. 21, § 3; vi. 15. See also Hdt. viii. 124, § 1. See Dicty. of Biogy, s. vv. P. and E.; Grote ch. 46 segg. 6. Give accurately the argument of any speech in the first four books of Thucydides.1 7. A short account of the life and character of Epaminondas." 8. Describe the events which led to the battle of Charonea, and the battle itself." 9. The chief corn-growing countries in the ancient world! Give any allusions to them in the Orators.* 10. The notices of the Macedonian monarchy before the time of Philip." II. Explain the following: Τούτοις ἐάν τις δύο δραχμὰς μισθὸν διδῷ καταπελτάσονται τὴν Βοιωτίαν ὅλην Give the different rates of pay for soldiers. Explain oppos, ὁρμέω, ὁρμίζω, ἀφορμή, γῆς ἀναδασμός, φυγάδων κάθοδος, χρεῶν ἀποκοπή. 12. Translate-θέης ἄξιον διὰ πάντων τῶν ἐν Δελφοῖσιν ἀνα 1 Take the speech of Cleon advocating the severe measures against Lesbos (Thuc. iii. 37-40). He begins by saying that a democracy is a bad governor of anything away from home: continues by accusing the Ath. of being too unsuspicious, and lending too ready an ear to the proposers of innovations: too clever men, he says, are not to his taste: political business is better managed by men of inferior ability. He himself was contented with things as they were. With regard to the case before them, such as advocated mild measures must either be arguing for arguing's sake, or must have been bribed. It was all the people's fault, however, who went to the assembly for nothing but amusement, to gaze at a good speaker as at an actor. The M., he proceeds, had revolted most unjustifiably, not from finding the A. yoke too hard-he could forgive them in such a case-they had been treated too indulgently; but it was always the case; unexpected prosperity always led to insolence. Men were always respectful to persons that kept a tight hold over them, but sneered at the good-natured. If they let them off easily now, all their allies would be revolting, as they would see that, if successful, there was liberty at once; if they failed, nothing was done to them. They must, he said, be strict, and not allow any feeling of pity, pleasure at hearing eloquent harangues in favour of an opposite course, or gentleness, to have any weight; all such emotions were perfectly useless in governing bodies. Let them consider how the M. would have acted if they had been masters, and punish them accordingly, as a matter of justice, and as a warning to the rest of the allies. 2 See Dicty. of Biogy. s. v., noting the concluding paragraph. 8 See Chronolog. Table in Kennedy's Demosth. vol. i.; Grote, ch. 90. See Dicty. of Antiq. s. v. Sitos: Boeckh, P. E. i. 105 seqq. 5 See Dicty. of Biogy. s. vv. Perdiccas, Alexander i. 6 Ar. Ach. 159. See Dicty. of Antiq. s. v. Exercitus; Thuc. iii. 17, § 4 θημάτων,—ἐψευσμένοις τῆς τῶν ̓Αθηναίων δυνάμεως ἐπὶ τοσοῦτον ὅση ὕστερον διεφάνη,-τὸ ἄπραγμον οὐ σώζεται μὴ μετὰ τοῦ δραστηρίου τεταγμένον. 1 [Indian Civil Service, 1862.] LXXXV. 1. Distinguish the meaning of adjectives ending in anus, aneus, areus, ensis, ilis, inus, ivus, rnus. 2. Enumerate the eighteen well-known Roman prænomina, and mention a few others that have been found in inscriptions." 3. Write at full length the abbreviations,—S.P.Q.R. ; S.D.P. ; Q.F.F.Q.S.; S.V.B.E.E.V.; Sepulchral; D.M.; P.C.; B.M.F.; DE. QUA. N. D. A. N. MOR. Explain,―IMP. CAESAR. DIVI. NERVAE. F. NERVA. TRAIANVS. AVG. GERM. DAC. P. M. TRIB. POT. VII. IMP. IIII. COS. V. P.P.1 4. What account can be given of the numeral signs in Latin ?5 5. What was the office of Dictator? whence derived? what the origin of the title? how was the appointment made, and what was it called? what the occasion and date of the first appointment? what the name of the first dictator? Mention some of the most illustrious dictators. Who was the last, and what the special object of his appointment?" 6. Explain the military terms:-agger, limes, vallum, cuni 1 See Hdt. i. 25. 2; Thuc. iv. 108, § 4; cf. viii. 103, § 2; ii. 63, § 3; Jelf's Gk. Gr. §§ 627. I. 3. g. 511. 2 See Donalds. Lat. Gr. § 115. 3 See a list, ib. Appendix ii., to which may be added Appius, Numerius, Opiter, Mamercu Quodfelix faustumque sit. Dis Manibus-Ponendum curavit.-Beatæ Memoria (or Bene merenti) Factum-Nullum |