the esquire ready to receive his high order, and temporal dignity, he shall ask for the sword and spurs, which the chamberlain shall take from the youth, and shew to the king. And, thereupon, the king, taking the right spur, shall deliver it to the most noble and gentle person there, and shall say to him, "Put this upon the esquire's heel; and he, kneeling on one knee, must take the esquire by the right leg, and, putting his foot on his own knee, is to fasten the spur upon the right heel of the esquire; and then, making a cross upon the esquire's knee, shall kiss him: Which being done, another knight must come, and put on his left spur, in like manner. And then shall the king, of his great favour, take the sword, and gird the esquire therewith: Whereupon the esquire is to lift up his arms, holding his hands together, and the gloves betwixt his thumbs and fingers. 16. And the king, putting his own arms about the esquire's neck, shall say, "Be thou a good knight," and afterwards kiss him. Then are the antient knights to conduct this new knight to the chapel, with much musick, even to the high altar, and there he shall kneel; and, putting his right hand upon the altar, is to promise to maintain the rights of holy church, during his whole life. 17. And then he shall ungird himself of his sword, and, with great devotion to God and holy church, offer it there; praying unto God, and all his saints, that he may keep that order which he hath so taken, even to the end: All which being accomplished, he is to take a draught of wine. 18. And, at his going out of the chapel, the king's mastercook, being ready to take off his spurs for his own fee, shall say, "I, the king's master-cook, am come to receive your spurs for my fee; and if you do any thing contrary to the order of knighthood (which, God forbid) I shall hack your spurs from your heels." 19. After this, the knights must conduct him again into the hall, where he shail sit the first at the knights table, and the knights about him, himself to be served as the other knights are; but he must neither eat nor drink at the table, nor spit, nor look about him, upwards nor downwards, more than a bride. And this being done, one of his governors, having a handkerchief in his hand, shall hold it before his face when he is to spit. And when the king is risen from his table, and gone into his chamber, then shall the new knight be conducted, with great store of knights and minstrels proceeding before him, unto his own chamber; and, at his entrance, the knights and minstrels shall take leave of him, and go to dinner. 20. And, the knights being thus gone, the chamber-door shall be fastened, and the new knight disrobed of his attire, which is to be given to the kings of arms, in case they be there present; and if not, then to the other heralds, if they be there; otherwise, to the minstrels, together with a mark of silver, if he be a knightbatchelor; if a baron, double to that; if an earl, or of a superior rank, double thereto. And the russet night-cap must be given the watch, or else a noble. 21. Then is he to be cloathed again with a blue robe, the sleeves whereof to be streight, shaped after the fashion of a priest's; and, upon his left shoulder, to have a lace of white silk, hanging: And he shall wear that lace upon all his garments, from that day forwards, until he hath gained some honour' or renown by arms, and is registered of as high record, as the nobles, knights, esquires, and heralds of arms; and be renowned for some feats of arms, as aforesaid, or that some great prince, or most noble lady, can cut that lace from his shoulder, saying; "Sir! we have heard so much of the true renown concerning your honour, which you have done in divers parts, to the great fame of chivalry, as to yourself, and of him that made you a knight, that it is meet this lace be taken from you." 66 22. After dinner, the knights of honour and gentlemen must come to the knight, and conduct him into the presence of the king, the esquire's governors going before him; where, he is to say, Right noble and renowned Sir! I do, in all that I can, give you thanks for these honours, courtesies, and bounty, which you have vouchsafed to me:" And, having so said, shall take his leave of the king. 23. Then are the esquire's governors to take leave of this their master, saying, "Sir, we have, according to the king's command, and, as we were obliged, done what we can; but, if through ncgligence, we have in aught displeased you, or by any thing we have done amiss at this time, we desire pardon of you for it. And, on the other side, Sir, as right is, and according to the customs of the court, and antient kingdoms, we do require our robes and fees, as the king's esquires, companions to batchelors, and other lords." The Form of his Majesty's Summons, in a Letter from the Lord Chamberlain, to the several Persons of Honour, who are to be created Knights of the Bath. SIR, After my hearty commendation to you, WHEREAS his majesty hath appointed the twenty-third day of April next, for his solemn coronation at Westminster, and the day before, to proceed publickly through the city of London, to his palace at White-Hall; and, according to the antient custom used by his royal predecessors, his majesty is graciously pleased to advance certain of his nobility, and principal gentry, into the Noble Order of the Bath, to attend him in those great solemnities, and, amongst others, hath vouchsafed to nominate you to be one of that number: These are, therefore, to will and require you, in his majesty's name, to make your appearance at his majesty's palace at Westminster, upon Thursday in the afternoon, being the eighteenth of April next, furnished and appointed, as in such cases appertaineth, there to begin the usual ceremony, and the next day to receive the said Order of Knighthood of the Bath, from his majesty's hands. Hereof you are not to fail. And so I bid you heartily farewell. MANCHESTER, Your very affectionate friend, Whitehall, March 1, 1661. The Names of some of those honourable Persons, who are to be created Knights of the Bath, at the Coronation of his Majesty, April 23, 1661. The Lord Richard Butler, son to the Lord Marquis of Or mond. Mr. Hyde, son to the Lord Chancellor. Mr. Egerton, son to the Earl of Bridgwater. Mr. Berkley, son to the Lord Berkley. Mr. Peregrin Barty, second son to the Earl of Lindsey. Mr. Capell, brother to the Earl of Essex. Mr. Monson, son of Sir John Monson, Knight of the Bath. Mr. Thomas Fanshaw, son of Sir Thomas Fanshaw. Mr. Edward Wise. Mr. Carr Scroop, grandson to the valiant Sir George Scroop, who received so many wounds in the royal cause at EdgeHill. Mr. Butler. Colonel Edward Harley, Governor of Dunkirk, eldest son of Sir Robert Harley, late Knt. of the Bath. Mr. Alexander Popham. Colonel Richard Ingoldsby. Mr. George Browne. Mr. Bourchier Wray, son of Sir Chichester Wray. Mr. Francis Godolphin. Sir Thomas Trevor. Mr. Simon Leech. Mr. John Bramston, son of Sir John Bramston, late Lord Chief Justice. Mr. Wise. Mr. George Freeman, son of Sir Ralph Freeman. AN HISTORICAL DISCOURSE OF THE FIRST INVENTION OF NAVIGATION, AND THE ADDITIONAL IMPROVEMENTS OF IT. With the probable Causes of the Variation of the Compass, and the Variation of the Variation. Likewise some Reflexions upon the Name and Office of Admiral. A Catalogue of those Persons that have been, from the first Institution, dignified with that Office. By THOMAS PHILIPOTT, M. A. formerly of Clare-Hall London: Printed in 1661. Quarto, containing thirty pages, including the Dedication. 1 To his Noblest Friend, Sir Francis Prujean, Doctor of Physick. SIR, THE censures and suffrages of the world are like rocks and shelves, against which, books, like vessels, oftentimes dashing, find their own fate and shipwreck. Sir, your acceptance will dispense a nobler and more auspicious gale, than any which can be breathed from the looser or vainer air of popular applause, to transport this discourse to the publick; and it will be the happiness of this treatise, that in future times it shall intitle its safety to so successful a steerage. For, indeed, the tempest, with reason, is frequently more destructive and ruinous, than the storm without it: My own fear and caution can secure or rescue me from the danger of the last; but only your candor and approba, tion can redeem from the prejudices of the first, Sir, your most devoted servant, THOMAS PHILIPOTT. There having been much written concerning this subject, which lies dispersed in the pages of several authors, and finding that none have as yet attempted to compile and amass those scattered notions into one heap, I did believe it a task, not unworthy the expence of time, or my labour, to contract those divided discourses into some few sheets: And having brought them int● shape and order, to offer them up to publick view; which is the subject matter of this ensuing treatise. FIRST, it is indisputably true from the authority of the sacred records, the structure of the ark owed and intituled its original contexture to the industrious precaution of Noah, who, by the immediate designation of God himself, brought that wooden island into shape and order, to rescue some part of mankind from the angry baptism of a publick deluge. And it is probable, that the posterity of Noah, having plantations which were contiguous to Mount Ararat, where the ark rested, and there viewing its skeleton, might, according to that original, form and build such ships, and other vessels (the art of navigation being not yet arrived to its solstice) as might make rivers and more spacious waters obvious to a passage, and maintain such a necessary intercourse, as might improve a commerce between nation and nation. The heathen records, and monuments of pagan antiquity, which were ignorant of the structure of the ark, according to the variety of tradition, assign the invention of navigation to several persons. Diodorus Siculus attributes it to Neptune, who from thence contracted the appellation of God of the Sea. Strabo, to Minos king of Crete. And lastly, Tibullus consecrates it to the fame and memory of the city of Tyre. Minos indeed expelled malefactors out of the islands, and in most of them planted colonies of his own, by which means, they who inhabited the sea-coasts, becoming more addicted to riches, grew more constant to their dwellings; of whom, some, grown now rich, circumscribed and encompassed their cities with walls, and others by the influence of Minos built a navy, and by an active and noble diligence so secured commerce, that they rendered navigation free. But it is most probable, that, Tyre being, in elder times, a city as eminent for its wealth and traffick, as it was for its strength and magnificence, and enjoying with its bordering neighbours, the Phoenicians, a large extensive sea-coast, and many capacious havens, which had an aspect on the Mediterranean sea, found out at first the institution of shipping. From the Phoenicians and Ty. rians, it was conducted down to the Egyptians, by whose industry and ingenuity, much was annexed to the advantage and perfection of it: For whereas the first vessels were framed out of the trunk of some large tree, made hollow by art, or else of divers boards, compacted into the fashion of a boat, and covered with the skins of beasts, the Phoenicians moulded them into a more elegant and convenient form, and secured them with greater additions of strength, whilst the Egyptians added, to the former structure, the supplement of decks. From the Egyptians, this art was transported to the Grecians; for when Danaus, king of Egypt, to decline the fury of his brother Rameses, made his approaches to Grecce, he first instructed its inhabitants to sail in covered vessels, |