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BOOK II.

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CH I.-2. Laetum, sc. under Vespasian and Titus; atroz, under 76 Domitian; prosperum, to Vespasian; exitio, to Titus and Domitian, who both died a violent death. The dynasty of Vespasian is hero meant by imperio.

5. Maturam juventam.

eighth year.

....

Titus was now in his twenty

6. Ferebat = praeferebat, set forth, exhibited.

7. Disperserat. Only T. applies this word to the spreading of reports.

9. Donec .... eligatur. Cf, note, 1, 13: donec .... amoliretur. -Destinandi. Objective gen. after intemperantia.

11. Majestate. Titus was brought up in the court with Britannicus, the son of Claudius. Cf. Suet. Tit. 2.

12. Praesaga responsa. Suet. ibid. Praesaga is a poetical word. 13. Corinthi.... urbe. Cf. H. 423, 3, 3; Z. 399. This use of the gen. is explained by some as an old form of the dat. (Corinthoi, Gr. Kupiv0o=Kopív0ų), the original where-case. Compare the locative case in Sanscrit, which ends in i. Urbe capital, 1, 68.

16. Adhibitis. Cf. note on adhibito, 1, 14; and on habitos, 1, 87.-Pergeret. Cf. note on pergit, 1, 27.

19. Incerta . . . . victoria is abl. of cause with excusatum, with which supply the auxiliary for the fut. pass. infin., viz. iri. Cf. Essay, p. 14.

21. Rempublicam susciperet, sc. under his protection and gov

ernment.

CH. II.-23. Jactatum, sc. Titum. Al. jactato, because hope prevailed not over Titus, but over fear. But in thus prevailing, it also bore sway in the breast of Titus.

1. Berenices. The Bernice of Scripture (Acts, 25, 13. 23;77 26, 30); famed for her beauty and incest (Suet. Tit. 7; Juv. 6, 156). She was daughter of Agrippa the Elder, wife of her uncle Herod, and at the time she heard Paul, was probably living in incest with her brother Agrippa the Less.

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Gr. ouv; Under these circumstances. Cf. note on it,

6. Ac laeva maris. Exegetical of oram Achaiae et Asiae, which lay to the left, as Titus sailed from Corinth towards Syria.-Praevcctus. Coasting along. Al. praetervectus. But T. uses prae for praeter in such combinations. Cf. A. 26.—Cyprum. Copper derives its namo from Cyprus, where it is found in great abundance.

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7. Audentioribus spatiis. With bolder courses. With this po etical use of spatiis compare Cicero's use of it for turns or courses in walking. Cic. de Or. 1, 7, 28. Antith. to praevectus. ....oram. Previous to the invention of the compass, sailors feared to lose sight of the shore. Titus was daring because he was impatient.

8. Templum. . . . inclitum. Cf. Strabo, 14; and Herod. 1, 105. also Virg. Aen. 1, 415. There was also in the island another less famous temple of Venus, who took the epithet Cyprian from the extent of her worship by the pleasure-loving Cyprians.-Paphiae Veneris. Paphos, in the isle of Cyprus, was sacred to the worship of Venus.

9. Haud fuerit. It will not be, etc. Cf. note, 83: neque crediderim; and 84: depoposcerint.

10. Templi ritum. Al. situm, but the site of the temple T does not describe. On the word templum, cf. notes, 1, 27; and G. 9: cohibere parietibus.

11. Habetur, sc. religio, templi ritus et forma deae. Murphy avails himself of this digression to vindicate T. from the charge of irreligion.

CH. III.-14. A Cinyra. De Cinyra, vid. Athenaeus, 1, 10 Aelian, G. 36. Rup.

15. Conceptam mari.

Sprung from the (foam of the) sea,

hence her name 'Appoðírn.—Appulsam. Wafted.

16. Haruspicum. Cf. note, 1, 27.—Accitam. Introduced from abroad.-17. Familiae utriusque, i. e. of Cinyras and Thamiras. 19. Hospites. The foreigners. Ad verbum, cf. note, G. 21. 20. Cinyrades. The descendant of Cinyras.-Hostiae. Slain for inspection of the entrails, not to be burned upon the altar, which was prohibited. Cf. the use made of the compluribus hostiis slain by Titus, 4.

22. Haedorum, animalium libidinosorum. Rup.-Fibris. Entrails. Virg. Aen. 10, 176. He avoids the usual word exta.

23. Adolentur. Adolere proprie est olentem reddere cremando, et hinc cremare. Bach. It is also used poetically in the sense to load with offerings. The sentence does not bear a literal translation into English. Render: Supplications and a pure flame of fire are the only offerings on the altar. The distinction between ara and altare (for which see Lexicon) is not here observed.-Nec ullis imbribus, etc Pliny makes the same statement, N. H. 2, 96.

25. Continuus orbis, etc. Stripped of its verbiage (cf. note on description of Britain, A. 10), this description imports simply: in the shape of a rude cone. Max. Tyr. (8, 7) likens it to a white pyramid. On the position of in, cf. Z. 324. Continuus, uninterrupted by arms, neck, head, etc., like most idols.

26. Ratio in obscuro. Probably there was no reason for it, but the rudeness of the early times in which it originated. Ernesti.

CH. IV.-29. De navigatione primum. Antith. to de se. 30. Per ambages. In terms properly guarded. Murphy. 34. Petito secreto. At a secret interview. Murphy. seeking a retired apartment. Cf. note, A. 39.

Lit.

36. Fiducia = causa fiduciae. So fides is used, chap. 5, and 4, 85.-Profligaverat. Had almost finished. Cf. note on it, G. 13.

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1. Superstitionis. Ad verbum, cf. note, 3, 57.—Quo. Al. quod. 78 = eo quod. Cf. Cic. Fin. 4, 2. H. 519; Z. 504.

But quo

7. Inexperti... labor. Al. inexpertus, but without MS. authority. One MS. has labores. Intellige severitatem disciplinae in pace inexorabilem (1, 51). The two things contrasted are the labors and dangers of war, and the toil and discipline of an uninterrupted peace

Wr

CH. V.-11. Si.... posceret.

The imperf. subj. follows the historical inf., and even the present ind., when used for the historical tense.

12. Fortuito = Gr τῷ τυχόντι Such as chanced to fall in his hence common.

way,

16. Sermone. Al. sermoni. But aptior sermone = perfectior in dicendo. Rup.—Dispositu provisuque. Words found only in Tacitus. Cf. Boetticher.-Peritus. Cf. H. 399, 5, 3.

17. Si.... miscerentur. If they had been united. Imperf. subj. used, as it often is, where we use the plup. Cf. H. 504, 2; Z. 525. The writer transports his reader into the past and represents it as present.

19. Vicinis provinciarum, instead of vicinarum provinciarum. 25. Industria... per voluptates, are the various motives by which they were influenced, all characters finding something to attract them either in Vespasian or in Mucianus. Notice the pairs. 26. Asciscebantur. Were brought over, or attached to their party.

CH. VI.-31. Civium arma.

Civil wars.

33. Trans mare. Across the Mediterranean and into the East. 36. Minae. Slight conflicts. Ad rem, cf. Ann. 15, 24. 27.— Proximo.... bello. Between Vindex and Nero.

37. Inconcussa is not found prior to the age of T. Cf. Boetticher and Freund.

3 Septem legiones. The four of Mucianus and the three of 79 Vespasian. Cf. 1, 10.-Statim. On the spot (sto); inde, on that side; hinc, on this: these three words are correlative.

4. Continua contermina.

5. Quicquid.... Armeniis. And all the forces, lit. camps, that stretch along the frontier of the Armenias, sc. the Greater and the Less.

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6. Praetendere is little used in this literai and physical sense, ex cept by the poets. Prose writers use it chiefly in the sense of to cover or cloak.

7. Nec virorum, etc. Nec et non, and correl. to et before pecuniae. Cf. note on neque et, 1, 15.-Pecuniae is gen. H. 399, 2, 2. --Quantum .... cingitur. All the islands of the sea, i. e. the Mediterranean. The predicate is omitted here (as it is also in several of the foregoing clauses), viz. were on their side.

8. Interim, sc. between the present and the time of decisive action. CH. VII.-11. Victores, etc. The reader will perceive, that these are the considerations that influenced the Flavian leaders to delay. The motives of men's conduct are set forth by T. with no less distinctness and fulness than their actions.

13. Faceret. Subj. Cf. H. 525; Z. 552.
14. Etiam egregios duces.

Even illustrious commanders, still more those, who, like Oth. and Vitel., were discordes, ignavi and luxuriosi.

17. Nuper. Ant. to olim, and like olim limiting mixtis consiliis -Mixtis consiliis, amore reipublicae, dulcedo praedarum, etc., are the motives which influenced them, not to delay, but to watch an opportunity for action.-Optimus quisque, sc. stimulabantur. Cf. note on tumultus initium, 1, 83.

....

19. Stimulabat is to be connected logically, not with distulere, but with in occasionem.-Ambiguae res need not be confined to pecuniary circumstances, it may include all private occasions of discomfort or danger.

CH. VIII.-22. Velut, in Cic., means for example. By the later writers, it is used in the same sense as quasi, and followed by the subj. Cf. Z. 282, 572; H. 506. The imperf. subj. here implies, that Nero was not to make his appearance. Ad rem, cf. note on falsi Neronis ludibrio, 1, 2.-Vario .... rumore. Cf. Xiph. 63, 27. 29; Suet. Ner. 48. 49. Super, in the sense of de, concerning, requires the ablative. Z. 320.

24. Ceterorum, sc. falsorum Neronum.-In contextu operis. In the course of this work, now lost.

26. Unde.... fides. For Nero valued himself more on his skill in music than in government. Cf. Ann. 14, 14; 15, 44, et al. Propior here, as often in T., denotes tendency. The credulity of the multitude was the more easily imposed upon, because this slave besides resembling Nero in his looks, was also a skilful musician.

29. Cythnum. One of the Cyclades in the Ægean.

30. Et militum. Correlative to et negotiatoribus. Ile took measures to procure both men and money.

80 CH. IX.-3. Datae. Assigned him (at his setting out for his

provinces), ad prosequendum to attend him as an escort.-Misenensi

Misenum was the principal naval station of the Romans on the west, as Ravenna was on the east.

4. Tenuit. Reached, arrived at. Cf. portum tenuit, A. 38 Calpurnius happened to touch at the island on his way east, just at

this time.

5. Trierarchos. The captains of the triremes.—Accirent. Subj Cf. H. 501, I.; Z.561.—In maestitiam compositus. Cf. 1, 54. Also A. 42. 7. Ut eum for the more common ut se, to avoid ambiguity. Död 8. Dolo. Enallage for dolosi, or dolose agentes. Rup.

9. Firmaverunt for affirmaverunt. Cf. Essay, pp. 10, 11. 11. Navis. Qua falsus Nero pervenerat, quamque conscenderat jude abiturus. Rup.-12. Oculis, etc., marked features in Nero.

CH. X.-16. Vibius Crispus. A celebrated orator, Dial. de Or. 8. 13; Quintil. 5, 13. 6, 2. et al.; and informer, Suet. Dom 3; Juv. 4, 81, and at the close of this section. He accumulated immense wealth.

23. Ad hoc terroris. In addition to this source of terror, sc. the senatus consultum.-Et propria vi. With his personal influence also, i. e. pecunia, potentia, ingenio. 24. Sui fratris, sc. Vibius Secundus, convicted of extortion. Ann. 14, 28.

In

et or ac.

26. Aeque.... quam. Cicero says aeque .. ....et or ac. like manner T. uses perinde .... quam; Cic. perinde .. CH. XI.—36. E Dalmatia Pannoniaque. Cf. 1. 76. 2. Rebellione

praecipue.

7. Quinque .

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compressa is the cause of praecipui. Al 81

cohortes. Comprising 5000 men. Cf. note on praetorio, 1, 20.-Equitum vexilla. Cf. note on vexilla, 1, 31. 8. Legione prima. That which Nero enlisted from the marines, 1, 6.; called prima Adjutrix below, 43.

11. Vestricio Spurinna. Egregius et dux et poeta. Plin. Ep. 2, 7. 3, 1. 10.

12. Quoniam (= quum jam), properly introduces a motive, rather than a logical reason. Cf. note, 1. 31: quia.

15. Lecta corpora. Picked men. Corpora used like Gr. σώματα. Cf. Xen. Mem. 3, 5, 2. Demosth. de Cor. 23.-Ceteris praetoriis, i. e. four cohorts, for there were nine in all. 1, 20.-Veterani e praetorio. Distinguished from the praetorians, for though attached to that body, they did not belong to it; same as the vexillarii. Cf. 1, 31.

18. Horridus refers to the person; incomptus to the dress. Död. In virium ac roboris above, O: refers vires to number; robur to valor.-Famae. Cf. 1, 22. 71.

CH. XII.-20. Mare et naves. Hendiadys for nares mare tenentes. Roth.

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