friend of Cicero.

tueor, tuēri, tuitus or tūtus sum, v.

dep., to see, look at, gaze at; to care for, maintain, preserve, defend, protect.

tuli, see fero.

Tullia, ae, f., Tullia, Cicero's only daughter; see 34.

Tullius, i, m., Tullius, the name of a

Roman gens; see Cicero. Tullus, i, m., Tullus, a family name; L. Volcatius Tullus, Lucius Tullus, consul 66 B.C.

tum, adv., then, at that time; next in order.

tumultus, ūs, m. (tumulo-tus, *tumulus, noisy), an uproar, bustle, disturbance, commotion; a revolt, war. tumulus, i, m. (tum-ulus, tumeo, to swell), a heap of earth, mound, hillock, height; a tomb. tunc, adv. (tum-ce), then, at that time. tunica, ae, f., tunic, an under-garment worn by the Romans. turbulentus, a, um, adj. (turba-len

über, eris, n., a teat, dug, udder. ūbertās, atis, f. (uber-tas, uber, fruitful), fruitfulness, productiveness, fertility.

ubi, adv. (cu-bi, quo-bi, quis and qui), where? where, in which place; when.

ubinam, adv. (ubi-nam), where? ubinam gentium, where in the world?

ubi-que, adv., anywhere, everywhere. ulciscor, ulciscī, ultus sum, v. dep., to avenge one's self upon, take vengeance on; to avenge; to punish, chastise.

any one.

base, disgraceful, dishonorable. turpiter, adv. (turpi-ter, turpis), in an unseemly manner, shamefully, disgracefully.

turpitūdō, inis, f. (turpi-tudo, tur

pis), disgrace, shame, baseness. tūtō, adv. (abl. of tutus), safely, se

curely, without danger, in safety.

ulterior, us, gen. ōris, sup. ultimus, adj. (ulter-ior, compar. of *ul-ter, cf. ultra), farther, on the farther side, beyond; more remote; ultimus, farthest, most distant; earliest.

ultrā, adv. (originally abl. of *ulter, cf. ulterior), beyond, on the farther side.

ultrō, adv. (originally abl. of *ulter, cf. ulterior), of one's own accord, voluntarily.

ultus, a, um, p. p. of ulciscor. Umbrēnus, ī, m., Umbrenus, a family

to use often, freq. of utor), used, customary, familiar, common.

brenus, a freedman, an associate of Catiline.

umquam, adv. (for cum-quam), at

any time, ever.

ūnā, adv. (abl. of unus), at the same

time, together with.

unde, adv. (cum-de, quis and qui),

from which place, whence. undēquinquagesimus, a, um, num. adj. (undequinquaginta-esimus, unus, de, quinquaginta), fortyninth.

undique, adv. (unde-que), from all

parts, on all sides, everywhere. unguentum, ī, ». (cf. unguo, to smear), an ointment, unguent, perfume. ūnicē, adv. (old abl. of unicus, unique, unus), in an unprecedented, unparalleled, or extraordinary degree.

where.

ūsque, adv. as far as, even; usque eo, so much.

ūsūra, ae, f. (ut-tura, utor), use, en

joyment; interest (on money lent). ūsūrpō, āre, āvī, ātum, v. tr. (*usurapus, usus and rapio), to make use of, use, employ. ūsus, a, um, p. p. of utor. ūsus, ūs, m. (ut-tus, utor), use, practice, skill, experience.

ut or utī, adv. and conj., as, just as, as far as, how; when, as, after, ever since, as soon as; that, in order that; so that, so as to; though, although, even if; after verbs of fearing, that not. uter-que, utraque, utrumque, adj. (uter, which of the two, whichever), each of the two, both.

all, all collectively, whole, entire. ūnus, a, um, num. adj., one; one and the same, common; only, alone, merely; with superlatives, without exception; unus maximus, without exception the greatest; unus quisque, each one.

man province of Africa.

utilis, e, adj. (ut-ilis, utor), useful,

beneficial, advantageous, profitable. |ūtilitās, ātis, ƒ. (utili-tas, utilis), usefulness, profit, advantage, service, interest, expediency. utinam, interj. (uti-nam), O that! would that!

ūtī, ūsus sum, v. dep., to use, make use of, employ, manage; to practice, adopt, have, observe; to win.

hard.

V

vacillō, āre, āvī, ātum, v. intr., to stagger, totter.

vacō, āre, āvī, ātum, v. intr. (cf. vacuus), to be unoccupied; to be free from.

vacuefaciō, facere, fēcī, factum, v. tr. (vacuus, facio), to make empty or vacant; to clear.

a wall), to wall in, intrench, fortify, defend, protect.

varietās, ātis, f. (vario-tas, varius), diversity, variety, difference, variation.

varius, a, um, adj., diverse, manifold, various, changing.

Vārus, ī, m., Varus, a family name; see Attius.

vāstātiō, ōnis, f. (vasta-tio, vasto), devastation, ravaging.

vacuus, unsheathed.

vadimōnium, ii, n. (vadi-monium, vas, bail), bail, security, recognizance; vadimonium deserere, to forfeit bail.

vāgīna, ae, f., a scabbard, sheath. vagor, ārī, ātus sum, v. dep. (vagus, roaming), to wander, roam,

range.

valdē, adv. (for valide, old abl. of validus, strong), very, very much, exceedingly, completely. valēns, entis, adj. ( pres. p. of valeo), strong, powerful, active. valeō, valere, valui, v. intr., to be well, be in good health; to be strong or powerful, have strength or force; to avail, be able, have weight or influence, be effectual. Valerius, i, m., Valerius, the name of a Roman gens: 1, L. Valerius Flaccus, Lucius Flaccus, consul 100 B.C.; 2, L. Valerius Flaccus, Lucius Flaccus, praetor 63 B.C. valētūdō, inis, f. (vale-tudo, valeo), the state or condition of the body, health (good or bad).

vāllō, āre, āvī, ātum, v. tr. (vallum,

waste), devastation, desolation. vāstō, āre, āvī, ātum, v. tr. (vastus, waste), to lay waste, devastate, ravage, destroy.

vātēs, is, m. and f., a soothsayer. ve, conj., enclitic, or. vectigal, ālis, n. (from vectigale, neut. of vectigalis), a tax, toll, impost, tribute; revenue, income. vectīgālis, e, adj. (vecti-go-alis, vectis, from veho, to carry), taxable, tributary; vectīgālēs, ium, m. pl., tributaries. vehemēns, entis, adj. (cf. veho), eager, violent, impetuous, vehement; forcible, strong, exciting. vehementer, adv. (vehement-i-ter, vehemens), violently, forcibly, exceedingly, greatly, very much, strongly, extremely.

for sale.

venēficus, i, m. (veneno-fic-us, vene

num, facio), a poisoner. venēnum, ī, n., poison.

vēneō, īre, iī, v. intr. (venum-eo, to

go to sale), to be sold. veneror, ārī, ātus sum, v. dep. (venus, loveliness), to worship, adore; to supplicate, beseech, implore, entreat.

venia, ae, f., indulgence, favor, forbearance, kindness; forgiveness, pardon.

veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventum, v. intr., to come, arrive; quocumque ventum sit, wherever they have come. ventus, i, m., the wind. venustās, ātis, ƒ. (venus-tas, venus, loveliness), grace, gracefulness. vēr, vēris, n., the spring. (verber), verberis, n. (rare in sing.),

a lashing, scourging.

verberō, āre, āvī, ātum, v. tr. (ver

ber), to lash, to scourge. verbum, ī, n., a word; satis mihi multa verba fecisse videor, I think I have spoken at sufficient length. vērē, adv. (old abl. of verus), truly, in truth, with good reason, really, in fact. verecundia, ae, f. (verecundo-ia, vere-cundus, shy, vereor), respect, a sense of propriety.

vereor, verērī, veritus sum, v. dep., to stand in awe of; to respect; to fear, dread, be afraid of.

vēritās, ātis, ƒ. (vero-tas, verus), the

truth, reality.

vērō, adv. (abl. of verus), in truth, truly, assuredly, in fact; but.

freq. of verto), to turn, put in motion; to carry on; in pass. with reflexive force, to move about, conduct one's self; to frequent, dwell, live, be; nobiscum versari, to live with us; versatur mihi ante oculos, there flits before my eyes; to be prevalent; to occupy one's self, be engaged, be busy, be versed; to insist; in summa severitate versatur, he insists upon the greatest severity. versus, ūs, m. (vert-tus, a turning, verto), a verse, line.

vertō, vertere, verti, versum, v. tr., to turn.

vērum, adv. (acc. of verus), but. vērum, ī, n. (neut. of verus, as noun),

the truth, reality, fact.

vērus, a, um, adj., true, actual, real, well-grounded; right, reasonable. vespera, ae, f., the evening star, evening.

Vesta, ae, f., Vesta, the goddess of the

household; see illustration of the TEMPLE OF VESTA, p. 140. Vestālis, e, adj. (Vesta-alis, Vesta), pertaining to Vesta, sacred to Vesta; virgines Vestales, Vestal virgins, priestesses of Vesta; see note on p. 127, 1. 13; also a portrait of a VESTAL VIRGIN, p. 139.

vester, vestra, vestrum, poss. pron. (ves-ter, vos), your, yours.

vestīgium, iī, n. (vestig-ium, vestigo, to track), a footstep, footprint, track, trace; vestigia, pl., the traces, remains, ruins. vestis, is, f., clothing, garments, garb.

vestītus, ūs, m. (vesti-tus, vestio, to clothe), clothing, apparel. veterānus, a, um, adj. (veter-anus, vetus), old, tried, veteran. vetus, veteris, adj., old, aged, of longstanding, ancient.

vetustās, ātis, f. (vetus-tas, vetus), antiquity, age, long continuance. vexātiō, ōnis, f. (vexa-tio, vexo), harassing, outrage.

vexō, āre, āvī, ātum, v. tr. (vec-so, to drag hither and thither; freq. of veho, to carry), to disturb, annoy, vex, trouble, worry, harass. via, ae, f., a way, road, passage. vibrō, āre, āvī, ātum, v. tr., to brandish.

vīcēsimus, a, um, num. adj. (cf. viginti), twentieth.

vīcī, see vinco.

see, behold, look at, perceive; to understand, comprehend, learn; to take care, see to, provide; in pass., to seem, appear; to seem to one's self, think, imagine; impers., it seems good or proper.

vigeō, vigēre, viguī, v. intr., to thrive,

flourish, be in repute or esteem. vigilāns, antis, adj. (pres. p. of vigilo), vigilant, watchful, attentive. careful.

vigilia, ae, f. (vigil-ia, vigil, awake), a keeping awake, wakefulness, sleeplessness; a watching, watch, guard; a watch, one of the four divisions of the night.

vigilō, āre, āvī, ātum, v. intr. (vigil, awake), to watch, keep awake; to be watchful or vigilant. vīginti, num. adj., twenty.

neighbor.

victima, ae, f., a beast for sacrifice,

a sacrificial animal, victim. victor, ōris, m. (vic-tor, vinco), a conqueror, victor; as adj., victori

ous.

victoria, ae, f. (victor-ia, victor),

victory, success.

victrix, īcis, f. (vic-trix, vinco), a

(female) victor; as adj., victorious. victus, a, um, p. p. of vinco. victus, ūs, m. (vic-tus, vivo), a liv

ing, way of life; food, provisions. vīcus, ī, m., a village, hamlet. vidē-licet, adv. (vide, imperative of

video), manifestly, clearly, plainly, evidently; of course, forsooth, with ironical sense.

videō, vidēre, vīdī, visum, v. tr., to

worthless.

vīlitās, ātis, f. (vili-tas, vilis), cheapness.

vīlla, ae, f., a farm, country-seat, villa. vinciō, vincire, vinxi, vinctum, v. tr., to bind, secure ; to secure,

recover.

vincō, vincere, vīcī, victum, v. tr., to conquer, be superior to, subdue, vanquish, overcome.

vinculum, ī, n. (vinc-ulum, vincio), a bond, chain, fetters; imprison

ment.

vindex, icis, m. and f., a punisher, avenger. vindicō, āre, āvī, ātum, v. tr. (vindex), to claim, lay claim to; to free, liberate, deliver, rescue; to avenge, revenge, punish.