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especially as it gives an account of some papers on points of Sallustian grammar that are not accessible in London.

The references to the Jugurtha and the speeches from the Histories are to Jordan's edition; the references to the fragments, which Jordan does not give, are to Dietsch's edition of 1859-an edition, by the way, useful for its full, if not entirely complete and accurate, index.

I have followed, and even gone farther than, Merivale in making omissions in a few places.

Lastly, I have to thank Prof. Jordan for giving me information as to the readings of the manuscripts in one or two places where I had reason to suspect misprints in his edition; and Prof. Wölfflin for his courtesy in sending me a proof of his note on Catilinarius, which is to appear in the Archiv for the Thesaurus.

INTRODUCTION.

C. SALLUSTIUS CRISPUS was born in the year 668 (86) at the Sabine town Amiternum', of a plebeian family. Of his early life we hear hardly anything; but he no doubt went through the regular course of instruction of the time, and apparently with success, for he was inclined (so he tells us) as a young man to devote himself to literature. The attractions of political life proved however irresistible. After holding the quaestorship, he became tribune of the people in 702, and at once set himself in opposition to Milo and to the Pompeian party in general. In the year 704 he was expelled by the censors from the Senate on the pretext that he was leading a scandalous life. He then betook himself to Caesar's camp, and served in the unsuccessful expeditions against the Pompeian forces in Illyria. In 707 he was restored to the Senate by means of Caesar's influence, by whom he was sent to treat with the mutinous legions in Campania, where he narrowly escaped assassination. He

1 A movement is now on foot, I believe, at Aquila, near the site of the ancient Amiternum, to erect a statue there, and to establish a library of MSS. inscriptions etc. having to do with Sallust's works.

C. S.

b

afterwards followed Caesar to Africa, and apparently did good service there, for he was left in 708 in the new province as proconsul. Sallust returned from Africa in the next year, a very rich man, and built himself the house and laid out the celebrated gardens, where in after years emperors resided. After the murder of Caesar, Sallust, now 42 years of age, determined to abandon politics altogether and to return to the dream of his youth-literature. His first work was the Catiline (published in 712?); the Jugurtha followed. His last work was the Five Books of Roman History, of which only fragments survive3. He died in 719 or in the following year.

Of Sallust's public career we have only an outline: of particulars of a kind with regard to his private life there is no lack1. According to all accounts his

2 It was certainly written after Caesar's death (in 710), see c. 53. 6 ff.

3 Most of these fragments are short and incomplete, and often no doubt loosely quoted. The only complete extant fragments are four speeches and two letters:-1. A speech of M. Aemilius Lepidus (father of the triumvir) 'ad populum Romanum' in 676 (78). It is directed against Sulla. 2. speech of L. Marcus Philippus ad senatum in 677, against the above Lepidus. 3. A speech of C. Aurelius Cotta ad populum in 679-to quiet the people. 4. A speech of C. Licinius Macer tr. pl. ad plebem in 681. 5. A letter of Pompeius ad senatum in 679 from Spain. 6. A letter of king Mithridates to king Arsaces in 685.

4 The best authenticated story against Sallust seems to connect his political hostility to Milo with a private scandal. Gellius (17. 18) M. Varro in literis atque vita fide homo multa et gravis, in libro, quem scripsit 'Pius aut de pace,' C. Sallustium scriptorem seriae illius et severae orationis, in cuius

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