over the Mississippi. Those who accompanied me in the Oswe go, a small vessel without a return cargo, cost forty-four dollars and thirty-five cents each. If a large ship were to be put in the trade, it would reduce the rate of passage one third; and the last load of one-hundred and five persons were sent for twenty-six dollars per head. If the trade of the country would admit of a return cargo, which will soon be the case, this would reduce the passage to about fifteen dollars per head. Fifteen pounds of Ivory are here worth fifteen dollars; forty-five pounds of Tobacco, would purchase that Ivory in Africa: and the prime cost of the tobacco in this country, will be One Dollar and eighty cents.

New facilities are daily offering to the scheme of getting rid of our Coloured people, much to their own advantage, as well as to ours. Hayti, is already offering an asylum for many; and there can be little doubt, but other Islands in the West Indies, if the present blind policy of the planters should be continued, will soon be in the possession of free blacks, and ready to receive emigrants from this country-We may look forward to the time, when every vessel leaving our ports for those Islands, will be laden with emigrants; while the Colony in Africa, will have carried the arts of agriculture and civilization into the extensive and fertile region which surrounds them; and when the natives shall have seen that the labour of any men for one year, will be worth more that the sum they are now sold for on the coast, this will either prevent their being offered for sale, or raise the price of slaves, so as nearly to amount to an interdiction of the trade; while at the same time, it will lessen the demand for them here ;-and thus, by degrees, the slave trade will finally cease.

The Colonization Society, solicit your attention to this important subject. They have purchased a tract of land on the coast of Africa, and planted a Colony-which is now thriving and nearly able to support itself. There is land in that country, rich and fertile, sufficient to support one fourth of the whole human family, now lying uncultivated and untrodden by human foot. The Society intend presenting a memorial before the next Congress, praying that body to take up the business, and afford such means as shall be sufficient for carrying it into operation, and relieve our country from the class of free coloured people.

It is their intention to send out an expedition this fall, with some additional emigrants, accompanied if possible with Agents, Physicians and Missionaries; and for this, they crave your assistance and co-operation. E. AYERS.

In Everard's Letters, published in Italian in 1778, he gives the following interesting account of an adventure which he met with in the quicksilver mines of Idria

"AFTER passing," he says, "through several parts of the Alps, and having visited Germany, I thought I could not well return home without visiting the quicksilver mines at Idria, and seeing those dreadful subterranean caverns, where thousands are condemned to reside, shut out from all hopes of ever seeing the cheerful light of the sun, and obliged to toil out a miserable life under the whips of imperious task masters.

"Such wretches as the inmates of this place my eyes never yet beheld. The blackness of their visages only serves to cover a horrid paleness, caused by the noxious qualities of the mineral they are employed in procuring. As they in general consist of malefactors condemned for life to this task, they are fed at the public expense; but they seldom consume much provisions, as they lose their appetites in a short time, and commonly in about two years expire from a total contraction of all the joints in the body.

"In this horrid mansion I walked after my guide for some time, pondering on the strange tyranny and avarice of mankind, when I was startled by a voice behind me, calling me by my name, and inquiring after my health with the most cordial affection. I turned, and saw a creature all black and hideous, who approached me, and with a most piteous accent exclaimed Ah! Mr. EVERARD, don't you know me?' Gracious Heavens! what was my surprise when, through the veil of his wretchedness, I discovered the features of my old and dear friend, Count ALBERTI. You must remember him one of the gayest, most agreeable persons at the courts of Vienna; at once the paragon of the men, and the favourite of the fair sex. I have often heard you repeat his name as one of the few that did honour to the present age: as possessed of generosity and pity in the highest degree; as one who made no other use of fortune, but to alleviate the distresses of his fellow creatures. Immediately on recognizing him, I flew to him with affection; and after a tear of condolence, asked him how he came there? To this he replied, that having fought a duel with a general of the Austrian Infantry, against the emperor's command, and having left him for dead, he was obliged to fly into one of the forests of Istra, where he was first taken prisoner, and afterward sheltered by some banditti, who had long infested that quarter. With these he had lived for nine months, till by a close investiture of the place in which they were concealed, and a very obstinate resistance, in which the greater part of them were killed, he was taken and carried to Vienna, in order to be broke alive upon the wheel. On arriving at the capital, however, he was soon re

cognized, and through the intercession of friends, his punishment of the rack was changed into that of perpetual imprisonment and labour in the mines of Idria.

"AS ALBERTI was giving me this account, a young woman came up to him, who I at once saw to be born for better fortune. The dreadful situation of the place was not able to destroy her beauty and even in this scene of wretchedness, she seemed to have charms to grace the most brilliant assembly. This lady was in fact daughter to one of the first families in Germany; and having tried every means to procure her lover's pardon without effect, was at last resolved to share his miseries, as she could not relieve them. With him she accordingly descended into these mansions, whence few of the living return; and with him she is contented to live; with him to toil; forgetting the gayeties of life, despising the splendours of opulence, and contented with the consciousness of her own constancy."

Such constancy could not go unrewarded. In a letter written nine days after, Mr. EVERARD relates that he was, "the spectator of the most affecting scene he had ever yet beheld. A A person came post from Vienna, to the little village near the mouth of the greater shaft. He was soon after followed by a second, and by a third. Their first inquiry was after the unfortunate count, and I happening to overhear it, gave the best information I could. Two of these were the brother and cousin of the lady; the third was an intimate friend and fellow soldier of the count; they came with his pardon, which had been procured by the general with whom the duel had been fought, who was perfectly recovered from his wounds. I led them with all the expedition of joy down to his dreary abode; presented to him his friends, and informed him of the happy change in his circumstances. It would be impossible to describe the joy that brightened upon his grief worn counte nance; nor was the young lady's emotion less vivid at seeing her friends, and hearing of her husband's freedom. Some hours were employed in mending the appearance of this faithful couple: nor could I without a tear, behold him taking leave of the former wretched companions of his toil. We soon emerged from the mine, and ALBERTI and his wife once more revisited the light of the sun.

"The empress has again taken him into favour, his fortune and rank are restored; and he, with his fair partner, now have the pleasing satisfaction of enjoying happiness with double relish, as they once knew what it was to be miserable."

ON ENVY.

Wrath is cruel, and anger is outrageous; but who is able to stand before envy? Prov. xxvii. 4.

Or all the malignant passions in the depraved heart of degenerate man, envy, is, perhaps, the most common, and the most per

nicious in its effects. The Latin term Invidia, is supposed to be derived from two words which imply looking much upon another, because the envious are apt to gaze with eagerness upon the object envied.

It is not generally directed against those who are greatly superior, or inferior. The first are beyond its reach; and if objects of general applause, the envious person, to save his own credit, will join in the general gust of praise, willing they should enjoy their felicity undisturbed. The latter, possessing nothing to exeite jealousy, are passed over with silent contempt. But envy fixes upon those who are nearly equal, of the same occupation, rivals in office, employment, wealth or learning, station or talents. Here it spends all its fury. Singling out the rival object, the eye of envy looks at him with all the malignity of an infuriated tyger. If he have any blemishes, or foibles, the tongue of envy becomes as a magnifying glass, presenting them to the public eye in the shape of crimes which ought not to be borne with. If he possess apparent excellencies, they are converted into deceitful and affected efforts to impose upon mankind. If applauded for his deeds of valour or benevolence, it is only the praise of an ignorant populace, which will shortly subside. If successful in his enterprizes it is effected by intrigue. But if the object of envy is so upright in his conduct, and his character so well established, that no fault can be found in his exterior deportment, it is then hinted that his motives are impure. Thus assuming the divine attribute of Omniscience, and presuming to judge of the secrets of the heart, the envious person has arrived at the acme of pride, arrogating to himself the province of deciding upon the motives of the human heart. From his conversation, you would think all are fools and knaves, but himself. An envious man takes up a book, the production of some rival competitor, passes over all the arguments be they never so good, eagerly looks in every page, till at length he finds the object of his pursuit. A trivial error, perhaps of the press, or some inoffensive mistake of the transcriber, amply rewards his labour. He has found some defect to feast his envy. What a pity!' says he. I should be ashamed to appear before the public eye with such defects. But the vanity of the Author will be sufficiently chastized. He only wanted to purchase celebrity by making a book. But these defects, poor man, will, I hope, effectually mortify his pride, and cure his ambition.' Thus, while the ancients are applauded for their wisdom and goodness, the moderns, poor things, and especially his cotemporaries, are all condemned for their folly-all except himself. This exception is necessary, for the credit of the age in which he lives.

Did you hear that sermon? What an admirable preacher! How graceful his gestures! His sentiments, how sound! What perspicuous illustrations of the economy of man's salvation. What sublime strokes, especially when he spoke of the divine attributes!

How incompetent, says the tongue of envy, you are to judge of the merits of a sermon. If the excellence of a preacher consisted in pompous airs, in an affected style not his own, in striving to attain, what he never can accomplish, an accurate pronunciation, and entertaining his audience with flourishes of oratory, then, and not till then, you may pronounce him excellent. He seemed to me, as YOUNG says of the inan seeking worldly pleasure, "Like an idiot gazing in the brook." He "Leaps at the stars and fastens in the mud."

How was this diabolical passion exemplified in the conduct of King Saul, toward his rival for the throne, David. The destructive javelin was hurled by the hand which derived its energy from envy. Haman could not rest while Mordecai, the hated object of his envy, sat at the gate. And Mordecais and Hamans are to be found in every age, among all gradations of society. It was this hellish temper which actuated the Jews in their murderous conduct towards Jesus Christ-" For he knew that the chief priests had delivered him for envy." Mark xv. 10. It was from the same motive that the false teachers at Phillippi opposed the great apostle to the Gentiles, of whom he complains, "Some indeed preach Christ, even of envy and strife." Ch. i. 15. Altars indeed have bled, and scaffolds have groaned, under the deadly. effects of envy-fires have been kindled with this destructive fuel. It is as cruel as the grave; never satisfied until it is glutted with human flesh. Who, indeed, can stand before it? Like the bird of prey, it conceals itself in the dark, assumes the garb of friendship, and wears the placid countenance of good-will, that its envenomed sting may make a deeper wound. At other times it takes a bolder stand, puts on the imperious air of authority, comes vested with the credentials of a superior, and commanding under the awful sanctions of justice, for the unworthy purpose of plunging you deeper in the mire of disgrace. It elevates high, to make your fall the more conspicuous and fatal. It flatters only to satisfy itself in exposing your weakness. Of all enemies this is the most to be dreaded. If you have to contend with an open enemy, you may guard yourself against him, but when an enemy hides himself in the habiliment of friendship, he takes a surer aim, and strikes a more deadly blow.

"A sound heart is the life of the flesh: but envy the rottenness of the bones." Prov. xiv. 30. So said the man, who had made a full estimate of human nature, in all its varied appearances. How destructive the effects of envy, not only upon those who are selected for this infernal engine to play upon, but also upon the unhappy person himself, who is so unfortunate as to fall under its corroding influence. It turns the sweetest enjoyments of life into the bitterest dregs, which eventually destroy all human happiness. While it hurls the javelin of death, or looks with discontent on the objects of its venom, it recoils upon the heart which has be