pulsi, loco cedere ausi erant; in pace vero, quod beneficiis, quam metu, imperium agitabant, et, accepta injuria, ignoscere, quam persequi, malebant. X. SED, ubi labore atque justitia respublica crevit, reges magni bello domiti, nationes ferae, et populi ingentes vi subacti, Carthago, aemula imperii Romani, ab stirpe interiit, cuncta maria terraeque patebant; saevire Fortuna, ac miscere omnia, coepit. Qui labores, pericula, dubias atque asperas res facile toleraverant, iis otium, divitiae foptandae aliis, oneri miseriaeque fuere. Igitur primo pecuniae, deinde imperii cupido crevit: ea quasi materies omnium malorum fuere. Namque avaritia fidem, probitatem, ceterasque bartis bonas subvertit; pro his, superbiam, crudelitatem, deos ineglegere, omnia venalia habere, edocuit: ambitio multos mortalis falsos fieri subegit; aliud clausum in pectore, aliud in lingua promptum habere; amicitias inimicitiasque, non ex kre, sed ex commodo, aestumare; magisque vultum, quam ingenium bonum habere. Haec primo paullatim crescere, interdum vindicari: 'post, ubi, contagio quasi, pestilentia invasit, civitas immutata, imperium, ex justissumo atque optumo, crudele intolerandumque factum. b Quam. Magis being understood: in some editions it is expressed. c Agitabant. For agebant; the frequentative for the primitive verb. d Populi. This word in the plural signifies tribes, &c. e Carthago. Once a famous and flourishing city in Africa, not far from the present city of Tunis. f Optande. Agrees with divitia, the noun nearest to it. g Materies. Of the fifth declension; sometimes materia, of the first. h Artis. For artes. i Neglegere. An archaism for negligere. Deos negligere, for negligentiam deorum. k Ex re. According to their real value. 1 Post. By enallage for postea. Contagio quasi, by a sort of contagion, contagia being the ablative. XI. SED primo magis ambitio, quam avaritia, animos hominum exercebat: quod tamen vitium propius virtutem erat. Nam gloriam, honorem,. imperium, "bonus, ignavus, aeque sibi exoptant: sed ille vera via nititur; huic quia bonae artes desunt, dolis atque fallaciis contendit. Avaritia pecuniae pstudium habet, quam nemo sapiens concupivit ea, quasi venenis malis imbuta, corpus animumque virilem effeminat: semper infinita, insatiabilis, neque copia, neque inopia, minuitur. Sed, postquam L. Sulla, armis recepta republica, bonis initiis malos eventus habuit; rapere omnes, trahere, domum alius, alius agros cupere; neque modum, neque modéstiam, victores habere foeda crudeliaque in civibus facinora facere. Huc accedebat, quod L. Sulla exercitum, quem in Asiam ductaverat, quo sibi fidum faceret, contra morem majorum, luxuriose nimisque liberaliter habuerat; loca tamoena, voluptaria, facile in otio ferocis militum animos molliverant. Ibi primum insuevit exercitus populi Romani "amare, potare; signa, tabulas pictas, vasa caelata mirari; ea privatim ac m Virtutem. Governed by ad understood. n Bonus. Used for fortis, as appears by its being contrasted with ignavus. o Vera via. By lawful means; vera being used for legitima. p Studium habet. For studium est, or, in se complectitur studium. q Recepta republica. For recuperata; having recovered, or delivered the state from the tyranny of Marius and Cinna; or recepta, may be used for potitus, having got possession of the government. r Huc accedebat. To this was added. s Ductaverat. For duxerat. The frequentative again used for the primitive. In Asiam, for intra Asium : so in chap. xix in provinciam, for intra provinciam. Some editions have in Asia. t Amana. Jucundus commonly refers to the mind, amanus to the sight, and voluptarius generally denotes corporeal pleasures, particularly lust. u Amare, potare. Amare is here taken in a bad sense for scortari. Bibere, to drink; potare, to tipple. v Privatim ac publice. They carried them off by violence, publice rapere; delubra spoliare; sacra profanaque omnia polluere. Igitur hi milites, postquam victoriam adepti sunt, nihil reliqui victis feeere. Quippe secundae res sapientiun: w nimos fatigant: ne illi, corruptis moribus, victoriae temperarent. XII. POSTQUAM divitiar honori esse coepere, et eas gloria, imperium, potentia sequebatur; hehescere virtus, paupertas. probro haberi, innocentia pro malivolentia duci copit. Igitur, zex divitiis, juventutem luxuria atque avaritia, cum superbia invasere rapere. consumere; sua parvi pendere, aliena cupere; pudorem, pudicitiam, divina atque humana promiscua, nihil pensi atque moderati habere. Operae, pretium est, quum domus atque villas cognoveris in urbium modum exaedificatas, visere templa deorum, quae nostri majores, religiosissumi mortales, fecere. Verum illi delabra deorum pietate, domos sua gloria decorabant; neque victis quidquam, praeter iniuriae licentiam, eripiebant. At hi contra, ignavissumi homines, per summum scelus, omnia ea sociis adimere, quae fortissumi viri victores reliquerant: proinde quasi injuriam facere, id demum esset imperio uti. whether they belonged to private persons or to the public; or rather they pilfered them privately, or carried them off publicly by the authority of their generals. Rapere is almost always taken in a bad sense. w Animos fatigant. Corrupt, or enervate the minds. x Ne. Used for nedum, much less, which is the reading in some editions. y Malivolentia. More commonly written malevolentia. Not from a principle of integrity, but through spite and opposition. z Ex divitiis. In consequence of riches. a Verum. Refers to the sentiment naturally occurring to the mind, on observing the contrast between the simplicity of the ancient temples, and the splendid decorations of the the modern; but not expressed in the the text. b Sua. In other editions suas, which enfeebles the sense. c Victores. In most editions is followed by hostibus, which renders the thought more forcible, but wholly changes the sense. XIII. NAM quid ea memorem, quae, nisi iis qui videre, nemini credibilia sunt: a privatis complu. ribus subversos montes, maria "constructa esse; quibus mihi videntur ludibrio fuisse divitiae; quippe, quas honeste habere licebat, abuti per turpidinem properabant. Sed lubido stupri, ganeae, ceterique fcultus, non minor incesserat: viros pati muliebria, mulieres pudicitiam in propatulo habere ; vescendi caussa, terra marique omnia exquirere ; dormire prius, quam somni cupido esset; non famem, aut sitim, neque frigus, neque lassitudinem opperiri, sed ea omnia luxu antecapere. Haec juventutem, ubi familiares opes defecerant, ad facinora incendebant. Animus imbutus malis artibus haud facile lubidinibus carebat: eo profusius omnibus modis quaestui atque sumptui deditus erat. XIV. IN tanta tamque corrupta civitate, Catilina, id quod factu facillimum erat, omnium flagitiorumatque facinorum circum se, tamquam stipatorum, catervas habebat. Nam, quicumque impudicus, adulter, ganeo, manu, ventre, pene, bona patria laceraverat, quique alienum aes grande confiaverat, quo flagitium aut facinus redimeret; praeterea, omnes undique parricidae, sacrilegi, convicti judiciis, aut pro factis judicium timentes; ad hoc, d Constructa. O her editions have constrata, some contracta. e Turpidinem. An old noun, regularly formed from turpis, the same with turpitudinem, which is the common reading. f Cultus. is here taken in a bad sense for refinement, or overniceness in diet and dress. g Viros. I should prefer viri, which is the reading in other editions. Lubidinibus. Written also libidinibus. This word is most frequently taken in a bad sense. i Flagitiorum atque facinorum. A Meton. for flagitiosorum atque facinorosorum; which are the words found in some other editions. k Redimeret. Might buy off; i. e. might escape the punish ment due to his crimes by bribery. C quos manus atque lingua, perjurio aut sanguine civili alebat; postremo, omnes quos flagitium, egestas, conscius animus exagitabat; ii Catilinae proxumi familiaresque erant. Quod si quis etiam a culpa vacuus in amicitiam ejus inciderat, quotidiano usu atque illecebris facile par similisque ceteris. efficiebatur. Sed maxume adolescentium familiaritates adpetebat eorum animi molles et actate fluxi, dolis haud difficulter capiebantur. Nam, uti cujusque studium ex aetate flagrabat,, aliis scorta praebere; aliis canes atque equos mercari; postremo, neque sumptui, neque modestiae suae parcere, dum illos obnoxios fidosque faceret. Scio fuisse nonnullos, qui ita aestumarent, juventutem, quae domum Catilinae frequentabat, parum honeste pudicitiam habuisse; sed ex aliis rebus magis, quam quod cuiquam compertum foret, haec fama valebat. XV. JAM primum adolescens Catilina multa nefanda stupra fecerat; cum virgine nobili, cum sacerdote "Vestae, alia hujuscemodi contra ojus fasque. Postremo, captus amore Aureliae Orestillae, cujus, praeter formam, nihil pumquam bonus laudavit; quod ea nubere illi dubitabat, timens privignum 1 Par similisque. Equivalent to par vel saltem similis; but the conjunction que is rarely used in this sense. Why may not the meaning be, equally expert in wickedness, and similarly disposed to evil. m Obnoxios. Some editions give obstrictos; others insert the pronoun sibi after fidosque, the omission of which appears to me more elegant. To avoid repetition, we remark that the pronoun, as well as the conjunction, is often elegantly omitted in Cortius's edition, though expressed in others. n Vesta. The priestesses of Vesta, who guarded and maintained the sacred fire, &c. were bound to inviolable chastity, and when convicted of dishonour, were burned alive in the campus sceleratus, and their paramours scourged to death in the forum. o Jus fasque. Human and divine law. |